Status Of Interventions Research Articles

Current Status of Animal-Assisted Interventions in Scientific Literature: A Critical Comment on Their Internal Validity.

Simple SummaryAnimal-assisted interventions (AAIs) have been receiving ever-increasing attention from both practitioners (including psychologists, educators, social workers, and physicians) and clients alike. However, despite this interest, the literature does not provide an unanimous support for including dogs, horses, cats, or other animals in interventions. The present work analyzes whether or not this lack of support could be understood as the result of inconsistencies and/or biases present in the literature, analyzing the definition of AAIs, the role of animals in interventions, the relationship among AAIs and the way humans relate to non-human animals, and the way in which researchers study these phenomena. The present comment provides some clues on how to improve the development of the field, including the following: giving more prominence to cultural, anthrozoological aspects of AAIs; considering AAIs as modalities of well-known interventions, avoiding their representation as “alternative”, “new”, or “groundbreaking”; and making changes to the study and intervention of designs, thus making it easier to demonstrate the impact of human–animal interactions on improving outcomes.Many meta-analyses and systematic reviews have tried to assess the efficacy of animal-assisted interventions (AAIs), reaching inconsistent conclusions. The present work posits a critical exploration of the current literature, using some recent meta-analyses to exemplify the presence of unattended threats. The present comment illustrates that the field (1) comprehends inconsistencies regarding the terms and definitions of AAIs; (2) pays more attention to the characteristics of the animals than to the action mechanisms of AAIs; (3) does not provide a clear connection between anthrozoology (how humans and non-human animals interact in communities), benefits of the human–animal interaction (HAI), and the design of AAIs; and (4) implicitly reinforces these phenomena through research designs. Thus, some conclusions extracted from these meta-analyses need further discussion. Increasing the internal validity of AAIs in empirical studies is an urgent task, which can be addressed by (1) developing a better understanding of how anthrozoology, the HAI, and AAIs relate to each other; (2) highlighting the mechanisms that explain the results in an empirical and specific way; and (3) changing the design of interventions, adopting a component-centered approach, and focusing on the incremental efficacy and efficiency of AAI programs.

INVESTIGATION OF DRUG-RELATED PROBLEMS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WITH MACROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Objective this study to identify and classify DRPs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with macrovascular complications. Method A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients with macrovascular complications at Makassar Regional Hospital, for two months (July and August 2018). The study complied with all clinical research requirements in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics committee approval was obtained from UIN Alauddin Makassar. Thirty eight prescriptions were collected for this study. Samples were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The identification and classification of DRPs were according to the PCNE tool v 8.02. Result: The most common drug-related problems were adverse drug reactions (n = 73; 77.7%) of the therapeutic safety domain, followed by optimal therapeutic effects (n = 15; 15.9%) of the effectiveness domain and finally unneeded drugs therapy (n = 4; 4.3%) from other domains. The highest cause of DRPs was the required of drug information was not available (n = 73; 77.7%), followed by drugs not in accordance with the guidelines (n = 10; 10.6%). The results of identification and causes of DRPs obtained 101 causes of DRPs in T2DM patients with macrovascular complications. Interventions that have been made by pharmacists to doctors in the form of providing information, interventions given to patients in the form of giving drug counseling and providing interventions on drugs in the form of drug replacement and drug dosage and stopping drugs. The implementation of the intervention given by the pharmacist was well received but the implementation was not known to be the highest, at 58.8%. The status of the PTO intervention by the pharmacist was unknown because patients were outpatients at 58.8%. Conclusion : Pharmacists have identified and categorized DRPs that occur in T2DM patients with macrovascular complications in the form of potential problems that are adverse drug reactions (may) occur as well as problems that have occurred namely the effect of suboptimal drug therapy, unnecessary drug therapy and symptoms or indications that are not treated.

Sequencing of 100 common variation sites of 18 deafness susceptibility genes among 16 182 individuals from Dongguan

To determine the type and carrier rate of deafness-related variants in Dongguan, China. A total of 16 182 subjects were screened. Heel blood samples were collected from newborns, while peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the remainders. For each individual, 100 variations of 18 deafness susceptibility genes were detected. In total 1631 deafness-related variants (including 5 homozygous mutations) were detected, which gave a detection rate of 10.08%. The detection rate of SLC26A4 gene variants was the highest (845 cases, 5.22%), which was followed by GJB2 (673 cases, 4.16%), GJB3 (100 cases, 0.62%), TMC1 (12 cases, 0.07%), and MYO15A (1 case, 0.01%). The detection rate for GJB2 c.235delC variant was the highest (524 cases, 3.24%), which was followed by SLC26A4 IVS7-2A>G variant (270 cases, 1.67%). Thirty three individuals (0.20%) carried two variants at the same time, 7 of them (0.04%) carried compound heterozygous variants of the same gene. To expand the range of screening can help with determination of the carrier status and provision of early intervention and genetic counseling for the examinees.

The Neonatal Outcomes and resuscitation rate of Neonates at Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran

Background & aim: Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) is an important health index, which reflects the socio-economic and health status of a community. According to the literature, almost 20% of NMR can be prevented through the implementation of simple resuscitative interventions. This study was conducted to review the neonatal outcomes and resuscitation rate of neonates. Methods: This record review was carried out using records of 4683 birth from March 2016 to March 2017 in Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The variables reviewed included the birth conditions, neonatal outcomes and resuscitation interventions. The data were collected using a self-structured record form and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The findings showed 179 neonatal deaths out of 4683 births (including those who were born dead or the ones who died shortly after birth in delivery rooms). NMR was 3.8% in the current study. The rate of cesarean deliveries was 5% higher than normal vaginal delivery rate. Moreover, 18% of births were related to the gestational age lower than 36 weeks. The rate of low and very low birth weight infants was 6.42% of births. Approximately, 20% of the newly born infants were resuscitated. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad, Iran was not in a good condition compared to the developed countries, in terms of the status of births, mortality rate, and resuscitation interventions.

Online interventions for sexual health in cancer.

Recent advances in digital healthcare, combined with the increasing appreciation for the need for sexual health programming in cancer, has established a zeitgeist for further development of digital health interventions for sexual health in cancer. Developers of digital health interventions should consider two equally important factors: efficacy of the intervention, and participant engagement. This review describes the status of digital health interventions in sexual health within the oncology setting. Sexual dysfunction and related psychological distress affecting patients and their partners is recognized as a significant survivorship care need in the oncology setting. Provision of care is challenged by traditional approaches to disease follow-up, and limited healthcare resources. Digital health interventions may offer efficient, accessible, and scalable care pathways. Digital health innovation in cancer survivorship and sexual health indicates trends toward efficacy, yet patient engagement remains a challenge. Implementation of established online patient engagement approaches are recommended. Studies to date may underestimate the potential of digital health interventions in sexual health and cancer due to poor patient engagement. Developers of digital health intervention will benefit from effort in employing engagement strategies and engagement-efficacy analysis.

5-Year Survival after Endobronchial Coil Implantation: Secondary Analysis of the First Randomised Controlled Trial, RESET

Background: Lung volume reduction surgery is a proven treatment for emphysematous patients with hyperinflation, but the precarious health of candidates has prompted development of less invasive approaches. Bronchoscopic implanted endobronchial coils, shape-memory nitinol filaments, shrink emphysematous lung tissue to restore elastic recoil and to tether airways to maintain patency. Studies have demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and improvements in lung function, exercise capacity, and quality of life out to 3 years. Volume reduction is key. However, data for longer-term survival are limited. Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the 5-year overall and transplant-free survivals of subjects whose procedure in the first randomized controlled trial, RESET, achieved clinically meaningful reduction in residual volume (RV). Methods: Patients and their primary care doctors were contacted to confirm vital status and history of additional interventions. Death certificates were acquired via the General Registry Office. Survival time was calculated for responders achieving a reduction of ≥10% in RV compared to non-responders. Results: 39 patients completed the planned bilateral sequential treatments. Six patients received unilateral implants. At 5 years, 22 patients had died. The overall survivals at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years were 88.9, 88.9, 77.8, 64.4 and 50.6%, respectively. Two patients underwent lung transplantation at 52 and 59 months and were alive at 5 years. The transplant-free (TF) survivals at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years were 88.9, 88.9, 77.8, 64.4 and 46.7%, respectively. Volume reduction responders (n = 18) at 3 months had a 5-year TF survival of 66.7% compared to 36.4% for non-responders (n = 22; p = 0.07). Higher baseline inspiratory capacity (HR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02–0.73; p = 0.02) and partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂) (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.38–0.86; p < 0.01) values were predictive of survival for the entire cohort and were not influenced by age. Conclusions: Endobronchial coil implantation appears to confer a 5-year survival advantage for those who achieved a 10% reduction in RV at 3 months. Ongoing trials are designed to clarify the mechanisms of action of coils and to refine patient selection.

The research status of self-care agency assessment and intervention of enterostomy patients

The research status of self-care agency assessment and intervention of enterostomy patients

Indian Clinical Trials on COVID-19: A Review of Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI)

Background: The COVID-19 or Coronavirus has impacted the world in an unprecedented way. More than 200 countries have been affected because of this novel coronavirus. Global public health, economy and society have all faced near breakdown. There is a surge for identifying vaccine or repurposing existing drugs for this virus. Objectives: An attempt has been made to provide a comprehensive overview on clinical trials that are being conducted in India on COVID-19. Type of clinical trials, study designs, DCGI approval status of trials, allopathic and Ayurvedic interventions and other characteristics of COVID-19 clinical trials have been analyzed in this study. Methods & Data Collection: Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) was used as the data source for the study. COVID-19 Clinical trials registered up to 14th July 2020 was collected using following keywords “SARS-CoV-2, Novel Coronavirus or Corona Virus, or Coronavirus and COVID or COVID-19. After excluding repeated or trials registered by non-Indian countries 312 clinical trials were considered for the final analysis. Results: Interventional studies were more compared to observations studies, most of the clinical trials were investigating AYUSH related interventions as an effective therapeutics compared evidence based allopathic interventional drugs or medicines. There were six vaccine candidates under clinical trials in India. Four trials were examining the safety and efficacy of BCG as a potential vaccine for COVID-19. Of the 312 trials 12.50% of the trials have obtained DCGI approval. Most of the studies were phase 2 & 3 trials, 82% trials were yet to start recruiting participants for their clinical trials. Conclusion: This study provides a detailed overview of ongoing Indian clinical trials on COVID-19. This study is useful for researchers, policymakers for prioritizing research on COVID-19 and for general public to understand and aware about the Indian efforts in clinical research on COVID-19.

A Questionnaire Survey on the Current Status and Problems of Pharmacist Intervention in Welfare and Health Care Facilities for Older Adults Requiring Long-Term Care

A Questionnaire Survey on the Current Status and Problems of Pharmacist Intervention in Welfare and Health Care Facilities for Older Adults Requiring Long-Term Care

Steep Discounting of Future Rewards as an Impulsivity Phenotype: A Concise Review.

This chapter provides an overview over the behavioral economic index of impulsivity known as delay discounting. Specifically, delay discounting refers to an individual's preference for smaller immediate rewards over a larger delayed rewards. The more precipitously an individual discounts future rewards, the more impulsive they are considered to be. First, the chapter reviews the nature of delay discounting as a psychological process and juxtaposes it with nominally similar processes, including other facets of impulsivity. Second, the chapter reviews the links between delay discounting and numerous health behaviors, including addiction, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and obesity. Third, the determinants of individual variation in delay discounting are discussed, including both genetic and environmental contributions. Finally, the chapter evaluates delay discounting as a potentially modifiable risk factor and the status of clinical interventions designed to reduce delay discounting to address deficits in self-control in a variety of maladaptive behaviors.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ САМОРЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ГЕНОМНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ В РОССИИ НА ОСНОВЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ЭТИЧЕСКИХ НОРМ И НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА

The development of genomic research as an applied field requires the determination of their legal status in the Russian Federation. One of the directions could be the use of self-regulation in this area. The article discusses the features of Russian legislation and the recognition of the status of medical intervention for genomic research. International ethical standards are considered as the basis for this approach.

Impact on Readmission Reduction Among Heart Failure Patients Using Digital Health Monitoring: Feasibility and Adoptability Study.

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) is a condition that affects approximately 6.2 million people in the United States and has a 5-year mortality rate of approximately 42%. With the prevalence expected to exceed 8 million cases by 2030, projections estimate that total annual HF costs will increase to nearly US $70 billion. Recently, the advent of remote monitoring technology has significantly broadened the scope of the physician’s reach in chronic disease management.ObjectiveThe goal of our program, named the Heart Health Program, was to examine the feasibility of using digital health monitoring in real-world home settings, ascertain patient adoption, and evaluate impact on 30-day readmission rate.MethodsA digital medicine software platform developed at Mount Sinai Health System, called RxUniverse, was used to prescribe a digital care pathway including the HealthPROMISE digital therapeutic and iHealth mobile apps to patients’ personal smartphones. Vital sign data, including blood pressure (BP) and weight, were collected through an ambulatory remote monitoring system that comprised a mobile app and complementary consumer-grade Bluetooth-connected smart devices (BP cuff and digital scale) that send data to the provider care teams. Care teams were alerted via a Web-based dashboard of abnormal patient BP and weight change readings, and further action was taken at the clinicians’ discretion. We used statistical analyses to determine risk factors associated with 30-day all-cause readmission.ResultsOverall, the Heart Health Program included 58 patients admitted to the Mount Sinai Hospital for HF. The 30-day hospital readmission rate was 10% (6/58), compared with the national readmission rates of approximately 25% and the Mount Sinai Hospital’s average of approximately 23%. Single marital status (P=.06) and history of percutaneous coronary intervention (P=.08) were associated with readmission. Readmitted patients were also less likely to have been previously prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (P=.02). Notably, readmitted patients utilized the BP and weight monitors less than nonreadmitted patients, and patients aged younger than 70 years used the monitors more frequently on average than those aged over 70 years, though these trends did not reach statistical significance. The percentage of the 58 patients using the monitors at least once dropped from 83% (42/58) in the first week after discharge to 46% (23/58) in the fourth week.ConclusionsGiven the increasing burden of HF, there is a need for an effective and sustainable remote monitoring system for HF patients following hospital discharge. We identified clinical and social factors as well as remote monitoring usage trends that identify targetable patient populations that could benefit most from integration of daily remote monitoring. In addition, we demonstrated that interventions driven by real-time vital sign data may greatly aid in reducing hospital readmissions and costs while improving patient outcomes.

Current status of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with atrial fibrillation: The Fushimi AF Registry

BackgroundAntithrombotic therapies that are optimal for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have been studied but remain uncertain. We often encounter difficulties in choosing an appropriate antithrombotic therapy with antiplatelet agents after PCI in AF patients treated with oral anticoagulant due to a high CHADS2 score. Since there are no data on the incidences of PCI procedures in AF patients, we evaluated those incidences as well as the association between PCI and the CHADS2 score using data from the Fushimi AF Registry. MethodsThe Fushimi AF Registry is a community-based prospective cohort study of AF patients in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Japan. Follow-up data were available for 4325 patients, and the median follow-up was 3.6 (interquartile range: 1.9–5.9) years. ResultsThere were 143 PCI procedures performed in 122 patients during follow-up, and 28 (20%) were emergent ones. The crude incidence of PCI procedures was 9.36 per 1000 person-years. At 1 and 3 years, the cumulative incidences of PCI were 46 (1.1%) and 85 (2.4%), respectively. As for 4 age groups: <65 (n = 765), 65–75 (n = 1359), 75–85 (n = 1586), and 85≤ years (n = 615), the rates of PCI were 0.4%, 1.4%, 1.4%, and 0.6% at 1 year, and were 1.4%, 2.7%, 2.8%, and 1.6% at 3 years, respectively. The incidence of PCI procedures in patients with a CHADS2 score ≥2 (n = 2651, 61.3%) was higher than that in patients with a CHADS2 score ≤1 (n = 1674, 38.7%). Among the factors making up the CHADS2 score, only diabetes mellitus was associated with PCI procedures in patients with AF (hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.34–2.83; p = 0.0005). ConclusionsAbout 1 in 100 AF patients underwent PCI annually, and patients with a CHADS2 score ≥2 were associated with higher incidences of PCI procedures.

Bridging the gap between will and action on climate change adaptation in large cities in Brazil

All over the world, there is a pressing need to better understand how climate change has been incorporated into governmental agendas, and evaluate the status of adaptation planning and interventions at the local level. In this paper, we seek to contribute towards bridging this gap by identifying local practices connected to climate adaptation in six large Brazilian cities, and presenting a framework, based on the existing literature, for assessing constraints to adaptation across the municipal level. Although local governments are not the only actors who can take the lead through their actions, the employed framework considers that effective adaptation planning in urban areas is highly dependent on municipal efforts. Our findings indicate that six aspects have the highest levels of impact on adaptation in the Brazilian cities studied: administrative practices, political will, level of commitment, mismatch between the scale of urban issues and the extent of local government authority, pressures from private sectors, and inspection. Although these barriers are not specific only to climate issues and can be identified in other environmental arenas, when combined, they cause and worsen constraints to advancing urban adaptation at the local level. Specifically concerning the local dynamics of urban planning, the combination of pressures from private sectors and insufficient inspection negatively affects the ability of these cities to consolidate adaptation interventions. Our results are helpful in the context of large cities, particularly in Global South, where, as in Brazil, competitive urbanism and specific interest groups confront municipal efforts, and make achieving adaptation more difficult.

Reaching People With Disabilities in Underserved Areas Through Digital Interventions: Systematic Review.

BackgroundPeople with disabilities need rehabilitation interventions to improve their physical functioning, mental status, and quality of life. Many rehabilitation interventions can be delivered electronically ("digitally") via telehealth systems. For people with disabilities in underserved areas, electronically delivered rehabilitation interventions may be the only feasible service available for them.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the current status of digital interventions for people with disabilities in remote and underserved areas.MethodsA systematic review was conducted on this topic. Keyword searches in multiple databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Inspec) were performed to collect articles published in this field. The obtained articles were selected based on our selection criteria. Of the 198 identified articles, 16 duplicates were removed. After a review of the titles and abstracts of the remaining articles, 165 were determined to be irrelevant to this study and were therefore removed. The full texts of the remaining 17 articles were reviewed, and 6 of these articles were removed as being irrelevant to this study. The 11 articles remaining were discussed and summarized by 2 reviewers.ResultsThese 11 studies cover a few types of disabilities, such as developmental disabilities and mobility impairments as well as several types of disability-causing disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and facio-scapulo-humeral muscular dystrophy. Most of these studies were small-scale case studies and relatively larger-scale cohort studies; the project evaluation methods were mainly pre-post comparison, questionnaires, and interviews. A few studies also performed objective assessment of functional improvement. The intervention technology was mainly videoconferencing. Moreover, 10 of these studies were for people with disabilities in rural areas and 1 was for people in urban communities.ConclusionsA small number of small-scale studies have been conducted on digital interventions for people with disabilities in underserved areas. Although the results reported in these studies were mostly positive, they are not sufficient to prove the effectiveness of telehealth-based digital intervention in improving the situation among people with disabilities because of the small sample sizes and lack of randomized controlled trials.

Surgical intervention strategy for severe acute pancreatitis in minimally invasive era

With the development of minimally invasive concept, the treatment mode of severe acute pancreatitis has changed greatly. The tendency of surgical intervention has changed from excessive intervention to inadequate intervention. The timing of intervention has changed from earlier to later, and the mode of intervention has changed from openness as the main way to minimally invasive as the guidance. The transformation of surgical intervention tendency conforms to both minimally invasive trend and the step-up approach, but there are still some shortcomings: inadequate surgical intervention, inappropriate timing and indications, and over dependence on minimally invasive surgery. Correctly grasping the indications of surgical intervention, accurately grasping the timing of surgical intervention, and reasonably choosing the mode of surgical intervention are the keys to solve the insufficiency of surgical intervention. Laying emphasis on multidisciplinary team and correctly recognizing the role and status of surgical intervention can effectively reduce the mortality of severe acute pancreatitis patients.

A qualitative analysis of school psychology trainers’ perspectives on evidence-based practices

ABSTRACT This study examined school psychology faculty beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions regarding the status of graduate training in evidence-based assessment and intervention. The perspectives of a national sample of faculty in the U.S. were obtained through an online survey. A qualitative examination of faculty responses provided an understanding of the current state of instruction and dissemination of evidence-based assessment (EBA) and evidence-based intervention (EBI) in school psychology training programs. Four themes emerged from a content analysis of evidence reflecting faculty perspectives about EBAs and EBIs including barriers, facilitators, courses in EBI/EBAs, and supports for EBI/EBA implementation. Faculty provided 991 barrier-oriented comments compared to 276 support-oriented comments. The findings of this study provide insight into faculty notions about the status of evidence-based intervention and assessment in the training of school psychologists, as well as ways to overcome barriers and support a shift toward implementation science in the field.

Current status and future perspective of transcatheter heart valve interventions in China

随着人口老龄化，心脏瓣膜病的发病率逐年上升，严重威胁着我国人民的生命健康。近年来随着心脏瓣膜病介入治疗技术的蓬勃发展，心脏瓣膜病的治疗取得了重大突破。本文对我国心脏瓣膜病介入治疗的现状进行了系统的阐述并对其未来进行了展望。.

TCT-590 The Current Status of Intervention for Intermediate Coronary Stenosis in the Korean Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (K-PCI) Registry

Intermediate coronary lesions that can be under- or overestimated by visual estimation frequently result in stenting of functionally nonsignificant lesions or deferral of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of significant lesions inappropriately. We evaluated the current status of PCI for

Internet-Based Interventions for Carers of Individuals With Psychiatric Disorders, Neurological Disorders, or Brain Injuries: Systematic Review.

BackgroundNonprofessional carers who provide support to an individual with a psychiatric or neurological disorder will often themselves experience symptoms of stress, anxiety, or low mood, and they perceive that they receive little support. Internet-based interventions have previously been found to be effective in the prevention and treatment of a range of mental health difficulties in carers.ObjectiveThis review seeks to establish the status of internet-based interventions for informal (nonprofessional) carers of people with psychiatric or neurological disorders by investigating (1) the number and quality of studies evaluating the efficacy or effectiveness of internet-based carer interventions and (2) the impact that such interventions have on carer mental health, as well as (3) how internet-based interventions compare with other intervention types (eg, face-to-face treatment).MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in January 2019 using the EMBASE (1974-present), Ovid MEDLINE (1946-present), PsychARTICLES, PsychINFO (1806-present), and Global Health (1973-present) databases, via the Ovid Technologies database. Search terms included carer, caregiver, online, technology, internet-based, internet, interactive, intervention, and evaluation. Studies selected for inclusion in this review met the following predetermined criteria: (1) delivering an intervention aimed primarily at informal carers, (2) carers supporting individuals with psychiatric disorders, stroke, dementia, or brain injury, (3) the intervention delivered to the carers was primarily internet based, (4) the study reported a pre- and postquantitative measure of carer depression, anxiety, stress, burden, or quality of life, (5) appeared in a peer-reviewed journal, and (6) was accessible in English.ResultsA total of 46 studies were identified for inclusion through the detailed search strategy. The search was conducted, and data were extracted independently by 2 researchers. The majority of studies reported that 1 or more measures relating to carer mental health improved following receipt of a relevant intervention, with interventions for carers of people with traumatic brain injury showing a consistent link with improved outcomes.ConclusionsStudies investigating internet-based interventions for carers of individuals with diverse psychiatric or neurological difficulties show some evidence in support of the effectiveness of these interventions. In addition, such interventions are acceptable to carers. Available evidence is of varying quality, and more high-quality trials are needed. Further research should also establish how specific intervention components, such as structure or interactivity, contribute to their overall efficacy with regard to carer mental health.