Status Of Interventions Research Articles

Subtypes of Dyslexia and the Current Status of Morphemic Awareness Interventions

This paper summarizes and analyses the subtypes of dyslexia, and finds that the major frameworks for dyslexia research, both in alphabetic writing system and Chinese, include three areas of delineation based on reading model theory, basic perceptual deficits, and cognitive-linguistic deficits. Then describes how morphemic awareness is measured, and the current state of research on morphemic awareness interventions for dyslexia was reviewed, and it was found that morphemic awareness instructional interventions are better, and the content of the interventions varies across researchers and subjects. Future interventions for children with dyslexia may consider the use of targeted instructional interventions for morphemic awareness.

E-Health Family Interventions for Parents of Children With Autism Aged 0-6 Years: A Scoping Review.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in infancy. Early intervention is critical to improve the prognosis for these children. E-health interventions have tremendous potential. This review aimed to determine the status and effectiveness of family interventions for parents of children aged 0-6 years with ASD in the context of e-health. The review methodology was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched from inception to June 2022. The searches were limited to children with ASD of the age range between 0 and 6 years. We collated the available information and used descriptive statistics to analyze the synthesized data. Our initial search identified 3,672 articles, of which 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. The 30 articles selected were released between 2012 and 2022. All articles are in English. Most articles reviewed were from high-income countries (27/30, 90.0%), especially from the United States (16/30, 53.3%). Four major themes emerged from the 30 studies that matched the inclusion criteria, as follows: 1) type of e-health interventions, 2) duration of interventions, 3) clinical aspects of e-health interventions, and 4) evidence for intervention effectiveness, looking into the positive, negative, and mixed findings of previous studies. These findings suggest that a wide variety of e-health interventions may actually help support both children with ASD aged 0-6 years and their parents.

Current status of percutaneous coronary interventions in diabetics with multivessel disease - is it time to challenge FREEDOM?

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are the leading causes of death in the world. Over the last two decades, clinical trials have indicated that DM patients with CAD have poorer cardiac outcomes than non-diabetic patients with CAD. The pivotal findings of the FREEDOM trial greatly impacted the way clinicians approached revascularisation in diabetic patients with multivessel disease (MVD). However, since the publication of the FREEDOM trial, much has changed both in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) technology, as well as in the management of diabetes. This review provides insights into advancements in stent technology, enhanced patient management strategies, improved clinical outcomes with newer hypoglycaemic agents, current approaches to antiplatelet therapy, and advances in lipid management in diabetic patients. The influence of patient-specific factors such as comorbidities and anatomical complexities on treatment decisions in diabetic patients with MVD is also discussed. The ongoing TUXEDO-2 India trial was designed to primarily compare the clinical outcomes of PCI with the new-generation ultrathin-strut Supraflex Cruz stent, compared to the second-generation XIENCE stent in the setting of contemporary optimal medical therapy in Indian diabetic patients with MVD. The secondary objective of this study is to compare clinical outcomes in the combined group from both study arms against a performance goal derived from the coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) arm of the FREEDOM trial (historical cohort). The tertiary objective is to compare the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor versus prasugrel in diabetic patients with MVD. In view of recent advances in PCI and medical therapy since the FREEDOM trial, now is an appropriate time to revisit the results of CABG versus PCI in diabetic patients with MVD.

Magnitude of in-hospital mortality and its associated factors among patients undergone laparotomy at tertiary public hospitals, West Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022

IntroductionLaparotomy surgery, which involves making an incision in the abdominal cavity to treat serious abdominal disease and save the patient’s life, causes significant deaths in both developed and developing countries, including Ethiopia. The number studies examining in-hospital mortality rates among individuals that undergone laparotomy surgery and associated risk factors is limited.ObjectiveTo assess the magnitude of in-hospital mortality and its associated factors among patients undergone laparotomy at tertiary hospitals, West Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022.MethodsAn institutional based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021. Data were collected using systematic random sampling and based on structured and pretested abstraction sheets from 548 medical records and patient register log. Data were checked for completeness and consistency, coded, imported using Epi-data version 4.6, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. Variables with p < 0.2 in the Bi-variable logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The fit of the model was checked by the Hosmer‒Lemeshow test. Using the odds ratio adjusted to 95% CI and a p value of 0.05, statistical significance was declared.ResultsA total of 512 patient charts were reviewed, and the response rate was 93.43%. The overall magnitude of in-hospital mortality was 7.42% [95% CI: 5.4–9.8]. American society of Anesthesiology physiological status greater than III [AOR = 7.64 (95% CI: 3.12–18.66)], systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg [AOR = 6.11 (95% CI: 1.98–18.80)], preoperative sepsis [AOR = 3.54 (95% CI: 1.53–8.19)], ICU admission [AOR = 4.75 (95% CI: 1.50-14.96)], and total hospital stay greater than 14 days [(AOR = 6.76 (95% CI: 2.50-18.26)] were significantly associated with mortality after laparotomy surgery.ConcussionIn this study, overall in- hospital mortality was high. Early identification patient’s American Society of Anesthesiologists physiological status and provision of early appropriate intervention, and pays special attention to patients admitted with low systolic blood pressure, preoperative sepsis, intensive care unit admission and prolonged hospital stay to improve patient outcomes after laparotomy surgery.

Current status of digital health interventions in the health system in Burkina Faso

BackgroundDigital health is being used as an accelerator to improve the traditional healthcare system, aiding countries in achieving their sustainable development goals. Burkina Faso aims to harmonize its digital health interventions to guide its digital health strategy for the coming years. The current assessment represents upstream work to steer the development of this strategic plan.MethodsThis was a quantitative, descriptive study conducted between September 2022 and April 2023. It involved a two-part survey: a self-administered questionnaire distributed to healthcare information managers in facilities, and direct interviews conducted with software developers. This was complemented by a documentary review of the country’s strategic and standards documents on digital transformation.ResultsBurkina Faso possesses a relatively comprehensive collection of governance documents pertaining to digital transformation. The study identified a total of 35 digital health interventions. Analysis showed that 89% of funding originated from technical and financial partners as well as the private sector. While the use of open-source technologies for the development of the applications, software, or platforms used to implement these digital health interventions is well established (77%), there remains a deficiency in the integration of data from different platforms. Furthermore, the classification of digital health interventions revealed an uneven distribution between the different elements across domains: the health system, the classification of digital health interventions (DHI), and the subsystems of the National Health Information System (NHIS). Most digital health intervention projects are still in the pilot phase (66%), with isolated electronic patient record initiatives remaining incomplete. Within the public sector, these records typically take the form of electronic registers or isolated specialty records in a hospital. Within the private sector, tool implementation varies based on expressed needs. Challenges persist in adhering to interoperability norms and standards during tool design, with minimal utilization of the data generated by the implemented tools.ConclusionThis study provides an insightful overview of the digital health environment in Burkina Faso and highlights significant challenges regarding intervention strategies. The findings serve as a foundational resource for developing the digital health strategic plan. By addressing the identified shortcomings, this plan will provide a framework for guiding future digital health initiatives effectively.

Beyond the heart: Cognitive and verbal outcomes in Arab children with congenital heart diseases.

This study investigates how congenital heart diseases (CHD) characteristics and interventions affect cognitive and verbal skills in Arab children, while also uncovering previously unexplored connections between these skills and the quality of life (QoL) scores as perceived by both children and parents. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jordan, involving 62 children with CHD aged 6-16. Data were collected through standardized intelligence tests (namely The Raven's Progressive Matrices Test and The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) and QoL assessments. Sex, disease severity, cyanosis, CHD defect status, conducted operations, and types of interventions did not significantly influence cognitive scores. However, a significant difference was observed in Wechsler's scores between cyanotic and non-cyanotic children (p < .01) and between severe and moderate cases (p = .01). Further, a significant positive correlation was identified between Wechsler's Scores and QoL reported by parents (r = 0.33, p < .01). This correlation was particularly pronounced in the social and school functioning dimensions of QoL. This study highlights the need for personalized care approaches for children with CHDs based on their individual characteristics. While cognitive abilities did not directly correlate with children's QoL reports, a significant positive correlation between verbal skills and QoL reported by parents underscores the importance of effective communication in assessing a child's overall well-being. Future research should further examine the cognitive development in this population, employing neurocognitive investigations and longitudinal studies to gain a deeper understanding of their cognitive profiles and trajectories.

Current status of novel weight loss interventions

Current status of novel weight loss interventions

The research status of augmentative and alternative communication for children with special needs in mainland China: A bibliometric analysis

AbstractAugmentative and alternative communication (AAC) refers to methods and tools that facilitate communication for individuals with limited functional speech. This study aims to present and analyse the research status of AAC interventions for children with special needs in mainland China using a bibliometric analysis approach. The researcher conducted a literature search in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database to identify relevant studies. Based on the literature search, 80 articles met the inclusion criteria. The research literature spans from 2007 to 2022, with a notable increase in publications after 2015. The majority of studies focus on children with autism, while other disabilities, such as intellectual disabilities and cerebral palsy, receive less attention. AAC interventions primarily utilize low‐technology communication aids, with limited use of high‐technology tools. Research on AAC interventions for children with special needs in mainland China has grown recently. However, it still falls short of meeting the potential demand to promote the application and development of AAC. More diverse research is needed, including various disabilities and higher‐technology AAC tools. The effectiveness of AAC in impacting users and their communication partners will increase their quality of life and social interactions.

Autism spectrum disorder: pathogenesis, biomarker, and intervention therapy.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has become a common neurodevelopmental disorder. The heterogeneity of ASD poses great challenges for its research and clinical translation. On the basis of reviewing the heterogeneity of ASD, this review systematically summarized the current status and progress of pathogenesis, diagnostic markers, and interventions for ASD. We provided an overview of the ASD molecular mechanisms identified by multi-omics studies and convergent mechanism in different genetic backgrounds. The comorbidities, mechanisms associated with important physiological and metabolic abnormalities (i.e., inflammation, immunity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction), and gut microbial disorder in ASD were reviewed. The non-targeted omics and targeting studies of diagnostic markers for ASD were also reviewed. Moreover, we summarized the progress and methods of behavioral and educational interventions, intervention methods related to technological devices, and research on medical interventions and potential drug targets. This review highlighted the application of high-throughput omics methods in ASD research and emphasized the importance of seeking homogeneity from heterogeneity and exploring the convergence of disease mechanisms, biomarkers, and intervention approaches, and proposes that taking into account individuality and commonality may be the key to achieve accurate diagnosis and treatment of ASD.

THE IMPORTANCE OF IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL EDUCATION TO ENHANCE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' ABILITY TO COPE WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL CRISIS

This paper combines ideological and political education and mental health education in universities and universities innovates the psychological crisis intervention methods for university students, enriches the teaching content of ideological and political education, and provides new work perspectives and ideas for university students psychological crisis intervention. This paper defines the concepts of university students' psychological crisis and intervention and summarises the relevant connotations of university ideological and political education intervention in university students' psychological crisis. Taking the questionnaire data as the research basis, this paper analyses the current mental health status of university students, the status of psychological crisis intervention and the status of psychological crisis intervention involving ideological and political education. Its summaries the problems existing in the emergence stage. Finally, put forward psychological crisis intervention countermeasures for university Students Based on ideological and Political Education perspectives. According to the questionnaire results and the problems summarized, constructive and feasible implementation paths and countermeasures are put forward for ideological and political education to intervene in the psychological crisis of university students.

Influence of the intelligent knee osteoarthritis lifestyle app (iKOALA) on knee joint pain

BackgroundThe intelligent knee osteoarthritis lifestyle app (iKOALA) has been co-developed with target users to extend the support for physical activity (PA) and musculoskeletal health, beyond short-term structured rehabilitation, using personalised PA guidance, education, and social support. The purpose of this study was to assess the preliminary effectiveness and usability of the iKOALA digital intervention on indices of musculoskeletal (MSK) health, symptoms, and physical activity levels in a broad range of individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) over 12 weeks to inform the design of a larger randomised controlled trial.MethodsThirty-eight (33 female) participants living in the UK with a mean (SD) age of 58 (± 9) years diagnosed radiographically or clinically with KOA completed a 12-week user trial of the iKOALA. Participants completed an in-app physical activity questionnaire which intelligently recommended suitable strengthening and aerobic based activities to individuals. Throughout the trial, participants wore a physical activity monitor and were given access to functions within the app (physical activity (PA) reminders, information and education, symptom and PA tracking as well as social support forums) to support them in maintaining their PA plan. Participants completed a MSK questionnaire for chronic symptoms and quality of life (MSK-HQ) as well as an acute iKOALA symptoms questionnaire (confidence, fatigue, mood, pain during the day/night, sleep and ability to walk) in the week prior to starting and following completion of the trial.ResultsPhysical activity levels were consistent over the 12 weeks with total daily steps of 9102 (± 3514) in week 1, 9576 (± 4214) in week 6 and 9596 (± 3694) in week 12. Group mean changes in all iKOALA MSK symptom scores and the total MSK-HQ (pre 33.1 (7.6) vs. post 40.2 (7.6)) score improved significantly (p < .001, 95% CI [-8.89, -5.16]) over the 12-week period.ConclusionsPhysical activity levels were maintained at a high level throughout the 12 weeks. Significant improvements in mean MSK symptom scores and the total MSK-HQ score were also observed. Efforts to ensure more generalised reach amongst sex and socioeconomic status of the digital intervention in a randomised controlled clinical trial are warranted.

A Causal Network-Based Markov Decision Process Model for Intervention Planning

Patients suffering from chronic diseases often receive interventions after they are discharged from hospitals for their health management. The intervention decisions can be made sequentially during the course of disease progression and treatment process, and timely and proper interventions can lead to better health condition and quality of life and reduce the rate of re-hospitalization. Moreover, to determine effective intervention plans, personalized care should be considered. However, in many cases, intervention plans are not tailored to patients’ health conditions or dynamically adjusted based on their status changes due to the lack of adequate analytical methods. To address this issue, we introduce a causal Bayesian network-based Markov decision process (CNMDP) model to dynamically evaluate the health status and effectiveness of interventions for each patient and update the corresponding intervention strategy. In such a model, a causal Bayesian network is integrated in order to predict the effect of interventions in each patient’s health status. The resulting risk at each decision point is considered in a Markov decision process model by examining diverse factors of a patient to make a personalized optimal decision on intervention planning to minimize the risk of health deterioration or readmission. To illustrate the applicability of the model and develop a specific formulation, an intervention decision model for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is presented using the proposed method. Such a model can be applied to other diseases as well to design personalized, prompt, and effective intervention plans. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Note to Practitioners</i> —Substantial efforts have been devoted to treatment and care management of chronic diseases. Particularly, there has been an initiative to design appropriate follow-up plans and interventions for postdischarge care to reduce hospital readmissions. However, many intervention plans are not patient specific and do not change with patient conditions. To mitigate such an limitation, based on identified risk factors and causal relationships, a causal Bayesian network model is introduced to predict readmission risk and evaluate intervention effectiveness. The results are then embedded into a Markov decision process to derive optimal intervention plan to minimize readmission risk. Such a process is repeated dynamically to evaluate health status and update intervention strategies. Using chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as an example of chronic disease, a case study at a community hospital is presented to illustrate the applicability of the model.

Current research status of non-pharmacological intervention for childhood obesity induced hypertension

Current research status of non-pharmacological intervention for childhood obesity induced hypertension

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey involving physicians for the clarification of the diagnosis and current status of therapeutic intervention of psoriatic arthritis in Japan.

Patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) often experience comorbid, irreversible joint destruction, therefore early diagnosis and treatment of PsA are important. The diagnosis requires a comprehensive assessment, which includes an interview, a physical examination, a visual examination of the skin and nails, a blood test, and an imaging test. To clarify how patients with PsA are actually diagnosed and how physicians collaborate among clinical departments, we conducted a web-based questionnaire survey of 500 physicians (dermatologists, rheumatologists, and orthopedists) frequently involved in PsA treatment in Japan. The survey showed that those patients are rarely confirmed to have axial arthritis, peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, or dactylitis by general dermatology practitioners (GP dermatologists). Overall, <60% of patients suspected of having PsA underwent PsA examination by GP dermatologists more than once every 6 months; this percentage is lower than that of patients who underwent PsA examination by rheumatologists and orthopedists. The Psoriatic Arthritis Screening and Evaluation (PASE) questionnaire is the most commonly used for PsA screening. However, users of PASE were only 11.0%, 25.3%, 14.8%, and 24.1% of GP dermatologists, attending dermatologists in hospitals (HP dermatologists), rheumatologists, and orthopedists, respectively. While >80% of HP dermatologists, rheumatologists, and orthopedists used imaging tests (ultrasound, X-ray, and magnetic resonance imaging) for PsA screening, only 40% of GP dermatologists performed imaging tests. Regarding the demands on the healthcare environment of PsA treatment, early diagnosis and treatment for PsA are crucial in every clinical department. The present study showed that GP dermatologists rarely perform imaging tests or confirm a PsA diagnosis, thus patients may miss out on appropriate treatment through collaboration among clinical departments and step-up therapy. Because patients with PsA present diverse comorbid clinical symptoms, early diagnosis, including routine imaging tests, and appropriate treatment in collaboration with other experts are necessary.

Current status of transcatheter intervention for complex right ventricular outflow tract abnormalities.

Various transcatheter interventions for the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) have been introduced and developed in recent decades. Transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation was first introduced in the 1990s. Radiofrequency wire perforation has been the approach of choice for membranous pulmonary atresia in newborns, with high success rates, although complication rates remain relatively common. Stenting of the RVOT is a novel palliative treatment that may improve hemodynamics in neonatal patients with reduced pulmonary blood flow and RVOT obstruction. Whether this option is superior to other surgical palliative strategies or early primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot remains unclear. Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement has been one of the biggest innovations in the last two decades. With the success of the Melody and SAPIEN valves, this technique has evolved into the gold standard therapy for RVOT abnormalities with excellent procedural safety and efficacy. Challenges remain in managing the wide heterogeneity of postoperative lesions seen in RVOT, and various technical modifications, such as pre-stenting, valve ring modification, or development of self-expanding systems, have been made. Recent large studies have revealed outcomes comparable to those of surgery, with less morbidity. Further experience and multicenter studies and registries to compare the outcomes of various strategies are necessary, with the ultimate goal of a single-step, minimally invasive approach offering the best longer-term anatomical and physiological results.

Liminal museum. Artistic installations at the threshold of public realm

The concept of liminal museum looks at the potential of public art in the liminal space of exhibition venues, in between urban realm and the interior of public buildings, as an innovative locus of social engagement. More specifically, we study the status of artistic interventions that take place on the façade through the definition of three fields of investigation: juxtaposition, ephemerality, media. We present the case study of a curatorial project developed in Altamura, Italy, within the dimension of living labs used for citizens’ engagement in art production and education. This leads to the issue of co-habitation of museum institutions with surrounding neighbourhoods, interpreting the façade as a symbolic interface that mediates values and languages of art.

Regulatory claims made by US businesses engaged in direct-to-consumer marketing of purported stem cell treatments and exosome therapies.

Aim: This study investigated whether US businesses engaged in direct-to-consumer online marketing of purported stem cell therapies and stem cell-derived exosome products made claims concerning the regulatory status of these interventions. Methods: We used data mining and content analysis of company websites to examine regulatory-related representations made by US businesses marketing stem cell treatments and exosome therapies. Results: More than two thirds of such businesses did not make explicit representations about the regulatory status of their marketed products. Businesses that made claims about the regulatory status of the stem cell and exosome products they sold used range of representations concerning the legal standing of these interventions. Conclusion: The absence of information addressing the regulatory status of stem cell interventions and exosome products and the use of what appeared to be inaccurate information concerning the regulatory status of numerous products likely complicates efforts by customers to make informed health-related decisions.

Anaemia and Nutritional Status of Adolescent girls and Policy interventions in India: A Roadblock for Sustainable Development

Anaemia and Nutritional Status of Adolescent girls and Policy interventions in India: A Roadblock for Sustainable Development

Against an insufficient intervention for patients with alcoholism or PTSD: An activity report on a psychiatric clinic after the 2011 complex disaster in Fukushima, Japan

Despite numerous studies using questionnaires to assess mental health problems among disaster victims following a disaster, only a few have examined actual medical treatment situations. Surveys of residents in disaster-affected areas following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster also indicate deteriorated mental health among survivors; however, concrete evidence of increased individuals seeking treatment at psychiatric institutions is still scarce.Using medical records of a psychiatric clinic in an affected area during the chronic phase after a disaster, this study investigated the status of interventions for patients with alcoholism, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and others, including whether violence occurred during treatment.We found that 730 patients visited the clinic for a year, but a few with alcoholism received treatment. Patients who experienced traumatic stress during the disaster had a higher treatment discontinuation rate, though it is not correlated with their involvement in violence. However, a diagnosis of complex PTSD was correlated with involvement in violence during the treatment.The psychiatric clinic providing care during the chronic phase of the post-disaster period did not provide sufficient treatment for alcoholism, where therapeutic interpersonal interaction is emphasized, or for PTSD, where trauma-focused psychotherapy is the standard of care. It is difficult to ensure the availability of highly specialized resources and the establishment of comprehensive ties with the local people in affected areas, however, such a situation poses a challenge.

A Systematic Review of Status of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities

Purpose: The purpose of the review of the literature was to identify the awareness of Intellectual Disabilities in the community and to systematically review the way forward in aspects such as personal life, work life, social life, early intervention and training for people with intellectual disabilities Design: The related information on the topic was sourced from various secondary sources and 102 articles were reviewed on areas such as the early intervention of intellectual disability, the status of interventions, parents’ involvement, pre-vocational and employment for persons with neurodiversity. The researcher used a descriptive research design by identifying articles from sources such as Research Scholar, ERIC, PubMed, and PsychNet through identified keywords and reference list searches. Findings: The review reveals that there is a scope for a further breakdown of bringing awareness about building eco-system of persons with intellectual disability. Further research must focus on a sustainable approach to involve parents, society, and companies towards equity. Originality Value: The statistical data on the prevalence of Disability is studied by many but it is important to bring to the notice of training and bring awareness about Intellectual disability in the community. Paper type: Systematic literature review-based analysis.