Status Of Corporate Social Responsibility Research Articles

The Importance of ESG in Corporate Strategy and Investment Decisions with Patagonia as an Example

Companies and investors are increasingly relying on environmental, social and governance factors to address long-term sustainability and ethical implications, and ESG is a non-financial criterion for assessing these factors, mainly applied to assess the current status of corporate social responsibility, environmental governance and other aspects. This paper uses the various methods of ESG assessment and provides a brief introduction before using Patagonia, an American outdoor clothing and equipment company, as a study of environmental and social responsibility, where several measures are taken to reduce corporate governance and ensure social justice. The final in-depth study found that it is particularly important for companies to prioritize ESG. Firstly, ESG increases the level of engagement with stakeholders, enhances the reputation of the company's brand and ultimately leads to improved financial performance, and with climate change and social inequality practices occurring regularly, it is now imperative that companies seize the opportunity to create a more sustainable society.

Where is the CSR-HRM Nexus? From Different CSR Practitioners’ Experiences

As human and social sustainability issues have received increasing attention as grand challenges at a macro-level, corporations have addressed those issues through their corporate sustainability (CS) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. In this context, we have observed the emergence of a dedicated CS and CSR function within corporations and, in turn, the emergence of a group of people who work for the organizational CS/CSR agenda—CSR practitioners. Despite a significant increase in research and practice connecting CS/CSR and human resource management (HRM)—the CSR-HRM nexus, we know little about how these emerging practitioners are recruited, developed, trained, and rewarded. Hence, our study sets out to explore CSR practitioners’ perception of the HR practices supporting their roles, which can indicate the status of CSR in organizations. By applying the HR process lens in strategic HRM research, we explore CSR practitioners’ perceptions of the HR practices towards their roles and career and how their perceptions influence behavioral and attitudinal outcomes. We adopt a qualitative research design, involving 68 in-situ interviews with CSR practitioners: in-house CSR managers and external CSR service consultants in South Korea. Through qualitative analysis, we compare how these two types of CSR practitioners perceive four core HR practices: career planning and development, recruitment, training, and compensation. We found CSR practitioners perceived an overall lack of HRM roles in this process and played as boundary spanners for the CSR-HRM nexus.

The Mediating Effects of Green Innovation and Corporate Social Responsibility on the Link between Transformational Leadership and Performance: An Examination Using SEM Analysis

Since the inauguration of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs), environmental performance and sustainability have become more important to decision makers, scientists and leaders of organizations than before. In response to this, leaders of different organizations spend all endeavors conserving resources and ensuring environmental sustainability. In this context, transformational leaders have the capacity to ensure the green performance of their organization. The purpose of this study is to test the link between green transformational leadership (GTL), green innovation (GI), corporate social responsibility (CSR) and green performance (GP) in the hotel industry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The study empirically tests the mediating effect of GI and CSR on the link between GTL and GP. The study used a quantitative research method via a pre-test instrument, self-distributed and collected from employees in large hotels at different regions of the KSA. The findings from 732 valid responses, analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that GTL had a significant effect on GI (β = +0.72, t-value = 14.603, p < 0.001), CSR (β = +0.58, t-value = 8.511, p < 0.001) and GP (β = +0.17, t-value = 2.585, p < 0.001). Moreover, GI and CSR had a direct positive effect on GP (β = +0.10, t-value = 2.866, p < 0.01 and β = +0.61, t-value = 4.358, p < 0.001, respectively). GI had a partial mediation effect (p = 0.048 < 0.05) on the link between GTL and GP. On the other hand, CSR had a perfect mediation effect (p = 0.077 > 0.05) on the link between GTL and GP. This reflects the vital part that CSR plays in this relationship, which can be changed based on the status of CSR. In addition, this reflects the value of CSR in achieving GP, which contributes to the achievement of environmental sustainability at a national level (i.e., the Green Saudi Initiative) at a regional level (i.e., the Green Middle East Initiative) and at an international level (i.e., UNSDGs).

Status of corporate social responsibility among public sector units: A case study of NHPC

The concept of CSR has a long and wide-ranging history. It is a concept whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute to the betterment of society and the environment. The companies’ act 2013 which mandates companies to spend on CSR activities as a result the term corporate social responsibility has gained worldwide attention and has achieved a new resonance in the global economy. This shows how CSR transited from being a voluntary, to a mainstream activity of business. Because of this dynamic nature of CSR it becomes very relevant to study on some of the unexplored dimensions of CSR and bring something valuable and add something to the existing literature of CSR. Present study highlights the CSR initiatives of hydro power company in India. The study focused on CSR activities carried out by NHPC over a period of five years. The study found that NHPC limited were more focused on their CSR activities and working for the welfare of society but still a lot to do for overcoming the problems.

Reviewing the status of corporate social responsibility (CSR) legal framework

PurposeThis paper reviews and analyzes the corporate social responsibility (CSR) legal framework worldwide, discussing the new CSR definition which comprises legal features and debates for and against CSR validation. The work contributes in linking CSR and corporate laws by considering the legislative approaches worldwide.Design/methodology/approachCSR has mostly a voluntary character whilst it entails a normative condition attributable to social and market demands. A detailed examination of CSR worldwide is presented paying attention to international CSR legal framework in Europe, USA, Asia, Africa and Australia. Arguments for and against CSR legalization are studied.FindingsThe authors show that more regulations have to be launched mainly concerning the consequences of corporations' activities impacting the environment. Governments should promote CSR and relative encouragements focusing on a win-win state of affairs for companies.Research limitations/implicationsIt seems that in the future, more regulations will be established particularly concerning the effect of companies' activities toward the environment. Little research has been conducted on the legal aspect of CSR; therefore, future research should focus on this, providing new insights. Analysis in sector level will be helpful and instructive.Practical implicationsMany further disputes have to be worked out to set up and support arrangements which will direct and observe conversions into sustainable, habitable and low pollution.Originality/valueThe authors examine and discuss in details CSR schemes around the world concentrating to the international CSR legal framework in Europe, the USA, Asia, Africa and Australia. At the same time, the authors study the arguments for and against CSR legalization.

Discussing Corporate Social Responsibility for Employees during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid 19 epidemic has been creating clear evidence of the close connection between the sustainable development of society and the development of businesses, thereby promoting businesses to invest and pay more attention to activities that bring common value to the community. Vietnam is facing the Covid-19 pandemic, an epidemic that has many complicated developments, the number of infections caused by new strains is increasing and the Directive 16/CT-TTG of the Government’s implementation of long-term social distancing in 20 provinces and cities has seriously affected the business situation of enterprises and the lives of the majority of people in general and workers in particular in the present time as well and in the future. Therefore, corporate social responsibility towards employees during the current epidemic period is very necessary. This study focuses on analyzing the current status of corporate social responsibility during the pandemic, the relationship of social responsibility with the development of enterprises, and proposing solutions to further enhance corporate social responsibility during the pandemic. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.

Mobbing and corporate social responsibility: does the status of the organisation guarantee employee wellbeing and intentions to stay in the job?

Research background: In spite of abundant evidence that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) contributes to improving the emotional state of employees as stakeholders and can serve as a useful tool for reduction of their turnover in organizations, until now, it remains unclear how the different status of CSR is related to consequences accompanying mobbing.
 Purpose of the article: This study compares the emotional state and intentions of Polish and Lithuanian organizations? employees who have experienced mobbing with regard to the status of CSR. The paper presents part of the results of a wider study conducted in two neighbouring states, which are exclusively related to the employees? emotional state and employee intentions after experiencing mobbing in the workplace.
 Methods: The research sample involved 823 respondents employed in Lithuania and Poland. The questionnaire survey was conducted using the questionnaire ?Mobbing as a Psychosocial Stressor in the Organizations Accessing and Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility ? MOB-CSR?. Comparisons are made with regard to and CSR and relate to Lithuania (LT) and Poland (PL), when organisations are divided into three groups: (I) Is CSR; (II) Seeks to be-come CSR and (III) Does not seek to become CSR. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used as the research methods.
 Findings & Value added: CSR is related to employees? better emotional state and lesser intentions to leave the organisation, but the study revealed unexpected results showing that according to certain parameters, the situation in the organisations seeking CSR was better than in those already declaring this status (e.g. the feeling of hopelessness, reluctance to seek better results, etc.). It is discussed why the results between countries that have similar historical experience and are culturally close differ. The conclusions emphasize the necessity for practitioners and researchers to evaluate the impact of change on employees? emotional state and intentions at different stages of CSR implementation more carefully. Besides, the results revealed a significant impact of the different status of enterprises with regard to CSR on employees? emotional state and intentions to stay in the job. This article contributes to the literature analysing organizational management by filling gaps in empirical research on CSR, mobbing, employees? emotional state and intentions in different cultures.

Rights, institutions, and Chinese investment abroad

ABSTRACT China has rapidly become one of the leading source countries for foreign direct investment (FDI), though many aspects of Chinese capital remain under examined. In this study we analyze the sociopolitical determinants of Chinese FDI, paying particular attention to the role of human rights and democracy. We hypothesize that Chinese capital is drawn to host countries with worse human rights conditions, given the lack of sensitivity that Chinese firms—particularly state-owned enterprises—have to potential “spotlighting” as well as the underdeveloped status of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. However, we posit that Chinese firms will be drawn to more democratic hosts due largely to experiential learning effects (negative experiences with autocratic hosts) and pragmatic advantages of investing in a state with democratic institutions. We test these hypotheses across 195 countries for the years 2005–2013, and find Chinese FDI to be negatively and significantly related to physical integrity rights and positively related to democratic institutions.

The Status of Corporate Social Responsibility

This report shows the reason why corporate social responsibility (CSR) is needed by Australia companies with a brief introduction of CSR, and in order to achieve sustainability, organisations should fulfil social expectations. Both organisations and society can benefit from acting CSR. Internally, acting CSR can decrease the turnover of employees and the company’s potential risk, improve customers satisfaction and the company’s reputation. In addition, externally, acting CSR will protect the environment, facilitate the economic development and improve organisations’ ability to survive. However, CSR is an uncompleted concept, it still has some limitations in comparability, consistency, reliability, and relevance. Therefore, effective regulatory system should be designed to monitor those companies that introduced CSR policies.

Corporate social responsibility practices in Pakistan: Insights from literature and policy

This article seeks to review the academic literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR), published in the peer-reviewed international research journals in the context of Pakistan. It also examines various national policies and regulatory initiatives, of the government of Pakistan, aimed at promoting CSR. The article relies heavily on CSR-specific international literature to draw implications for the case of Pakistan. Besides, it explores the trends reported in Pakistan-centred CSR literature available. We found that there is a dearth of literature looking into the status of CSR in Pakistan and the regulatory regime too is not strong enough to make corporations adopt CSR in the country. Recommendations for the government and research community have been outlined; hence, the article contributes towards setting and highlighting the future research and policy agenda for CSR in the country.

Corporate Social Responsibility in Malaysia

The field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has developed exponentially in the last decade and is consistently getting to be a worldwide slant. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a worldwide matter around the world that comes about an expanding number of studies on CSR universally as well as in Malaysia. Furthermore, the importance of CSR practices was emphasized by companies in order to ensure its sustainability in corporate world which are focused on (a) environment, (b) social dimension sustainability, (c) economic advancement, (d) stakeholder behaviour and (e) ethical evolution of society. In this manner, this paper gives a concept of CSR writing that has been conducted in Malaysia to assess the execution of CSR among organizations in Malaysia. It is presently anticipated that organizations expressly take into consideration all perspectives of their execution, not as it were their money related comes about, but moreover their social and commerce environment. Subsequently, most of organizations are presently locked in genuine endeavours to characterize and coordinated CSR into all perspectives of their businesses and exhibitions. The point of our think about is to get it this slant in Malaysia and particularly to explore (i) the status of CSR in Malaysia; (ii) different CSR practices in Malaysia; and (iii) future dissemination of CSR in Malaysia. Finally, over the last few decades, Malaysia has been gradually improving its alignment with global management practices such as quality management and ISO 9002.

Are We Moving Beyond Voluntary CSR? Exploring Theoretical and Managerial Implications of Mandatory CSR Resulting from the New Indian Companies Act

Although the literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR) has discussed the scope and meaning of CSR extensively, confusion still exists regarding how to define the concept. One controversial issue deals with the changing legal status of CSR (i.e., the voluntary vs. mandatory nature of the concept). Based on a review of CSR definitions and meta-studies on CSR definitions, we find that the majority of definitions leans toward voluntary CSR. However, some recent regulatory amendments toward mandatory CSR have called into question the established idea of CSR as merely a managerial tool of self-regulation. In this paper, we juxtapose the evolution of CSR in India against the scholarly literature discussing voluntary-versus-mandatory CSR to understand the recent shift toward a new conceptualization of CSR as a form of co-regulation that includes elements of both voluntary and mandatory regulation. The Indian Companies Act 2013 (Section 135) is a remarkable example in that it replaced an older version from 1956, taking a bold step toward the integration of voluntary and mandatory aspects in the application of CSR. We present practical implications of the Indian case for businesses and discuss implications for CSR theory development; we particularly consider the evolution of the business and society relationship from a voluntary soft law approach to CSR to an increasingly hard law approach and transitory hybrid forms in-between like soft–hard law and hard–soft law.

Exploring the status of corporate social responsibility disclosure in the UK building and construction industry

The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the provision of environmental and social performance information have gained momentum over the past decade. In this respect, the practice of organisational accountability has expanded to include aspects of non-financial nature and issues that can enhance the transparency of business activities and empower stakeholders' decision making. In this paper, we attempt to shed light on the status of CSR reporting of the building and construction industry. Focusing on the UK, we benchmark the CSR reports of building and construction firms against the de facto standard for non-financial reports: the global reporting initiative guidelines. Findings indicate that the CSR reporting practices of assessed UK building and construction firms are lacking in key respects, leave much to be desired and have plenty of room for improvement.

Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting through the Lens of ISO 26000: A Case of Malawian Quoted Companies

The paper examines the status of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting in the annual reports of Malawian quoted companies through the lens of ISO 26000 - Guidance on social responsibility. The study used content analysis methodology. A CSR disclosure index was developed based on ISO 26000’s seven core subjects of social responsibility to measure the level of CSR information disclosure in the annual reports for 2012 and 2013. The results indicate that all the sampled companies were making some CSR disclosures in their annual reports; however the disclosure levels are generally low. Out of the seven CSR themes, the companies scored highly only on organisational governance category and above average on community involvement and development and labour practices categories. On the other hand, they scored poorly on human rights, consumer issues, fair operating practices and environment categories. Furthermore, low individual company scores and the overall score suggest that much more effort is needed to enhance CSR reporting among Malawian quoted companies. The study seems to highlight that there is low awareness amongst the preparers of annual reports regarding all relevant categories that make up CSR. Thus the study recommends promotion of ISO 26000 among them in order to promote holistic approach to CSR that may lead to holistic CSR reporting.

Comparison of CSR Activities between Global Construction Companies and Malaysian Construction Companies

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is becoming a new requirement for a successful business in the 21st century. This trend continues to be strengthened throughout the industry and the construction industry cannot be exceptional. Extensive literature reviews on CSR in the construction industry have been conducted to find out the current status. Ten leading construction companies in the global construction market have been selected and their CSR reports have been analysed in five broad areas—“Leadership, visions and values”, “Workforce activities”, “Stakeholder engagement”, “Community activities”, and “Environmental activities”. Five-Malaysian construction companies have been selected, each representing a different range of turnovers to reflect the industry wide perspective. Comparisons have been made between global companies and Malaysian companies, resulting in large gaps between these two groups. Qualitative interviews have been conducted with the executives of the Malaysian companies to identify the causes of the gaps. The interview questions included CSR reporting, funding, Key Performance Indicators (KPI), challenges of CSR implementation, roles of government, CSR initiatives, future CSR activities, etc. CSR commitments of global construction companies have been identified and the current status of CSR of Malaysian companies has been grasped. The comparison shows that Malaysian companies lag behind global companies in almost all aspects of CSR. The obstacles have been found out to be studied in future—financial constraints, management attitudes, roles of government, and the trend of CSR in the industry.

The Socio-Economic Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Sri Lankan Tea Manufacturing Companies (Special Reference to Kandy District)

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is very important topic in the present competitive business environment. The aim of this exploratory study is to capture the current status of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) awareness, commitment and practices level of tea manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka and assessing the socioeconomic impact of company CSR on employees and smallholders. The study provides an overview of company CSR practices as well as of employee and smallholder experiences and perceptions of CSR practices of tea manufacturing companies. The research study is based on Kandy district and three perspectives factory owners, employees and smallholders were used in exploring the CSR level and its socioeconomic impact. To achieve the research objectives tea manufacturing company’s CSR practices are studied in three domains: CSR to employees, smallholders and environment. The researcher used mixed method comprising both quantitative and qualitative elements. There is a positive relationship between tea manufacturing company CSR level and the socioeconomic condition of employee and the smallholders. When it consider about the overall situation, current CSR practices of tea manufacturing companies have not made a positive impact on socioeconomic development of employees and smallholders. Tea manufacturing companies should consider CSR strategies that are in the interest of all stakeholders and relevant to the business.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/kjm.v2i1.6546 Kelaniya Journal of Management Vol.2(1) 2013:113-142

Estatus jurídico de la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) en Colombia

The legal status of corporate social responsibility is assessed in this arti- cle, particularly from the standpoint of hard and soft law. An additional objective in doing so is to examine the main provisions envisaged with a normative intent in this case, arising initially from the international con- text, as a way to confirm the established position and as a structure for reviewing this subject in light of the constitutional, jurisprudential and legislative contexts established in Colombia.

Organizing Corporate Social Responsibility in Small and Large Firms: Size Matters

Based on the findings of a qualitative empirical study of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Swiss MNCs and SMEs, we suggest that smaller firms are not necessarily less advanced in organizing CSR than large firms. Results according to theoretically derived assessment frameworks illustrate the actual implementation status of CSR in organizational practices. We propose that small firms possess several organizational characteristics that are favorable for promoting the internal implementation of CSR-related practices in core business functions, but constrain external communication and reporting about CSR. In contrast, large firms possess several characteristics that are favorable for promoting external communication and reporting about CSR, but at the same time constrain internal implementation. We sketch a theoretical explanation of these differences in organizing CSR in MNCs and SMEs based on the relationship between firm size and relative organizational costs.

Status of corporate social responsibility in selected Nepalese companies

PurposeThe paper aims to examine the status of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Nepalese companies.Design/methodology/appoachThe study is descriptive‐cum‐analytical and is based on a review of the literature.FindingsThe cases presented in the paper show a low intensity of CSR in Nepal. Both government and employers are somehow not serious in implementing labor laws. At the company level, employees' awareness of CSR can bring a positive attitude towards the company.Practical implicationsThis paper is useful to academicians and companies seeking to understand the factors supporting and inhibiting CSR in Nepalese companies.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation is that although there are many variables by which to measure CSR initiatives, only labor laws, employees' awareness and a few HRM dimensions have been covered.Originality/valueThis is perhaps the very first investigation of its kind in the Nepalese context.

Corporate social responsibility in Iran from the perspective of employees

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in Iran from the perspective of employees.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the objectives of this research, the perceptions of 142 Iranian employees were examined regarding the CSR practices of their respective organizations. The required data were collected using a questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to refine scale items and confirm the factorial structure of the scale applied. Descriptive statistics and a t‐test were used to analyze the data.FindingsThe paper unveils information about the current status of CSR in Iran from the perspective of employees, and shows that on average Iranian employees perceive their organizations to be committed to CSR, although the mean CSR scores were relatively low in all dimensions. Also, this research shows that while the four‐factorial structure of Truker's CSR scale was confirmed in the Iranian context, some of the items had to be removed from the original scale when measuring CSR.Research limitations/implicationsThe relatively low mean on the categories of CSR among Iranian organizations from the perspective of employees indicates the infancy level of CSR among Iranian organizations and calls for further awareness among Iranian organizations and managers about the issue of CSR. This research also shows that researchers need to be cautious when using CSR scales that have been developed in Western or European contexts to measure social responsibility activities of organizations in culturally different contexts such as the Middle East. A major limitation of this research pertains to sample size, which limits the generalizability of the findings to the whole country.Practical implicationsThis research indicates the infancy level of CSR among Iranian organizations and calls for further engagement of Iranian organizations in social initiatives and community outreach endeavors.Originality/valueBeing among the first research studies of its kind to examine the CSR status in Iran, this study provides invaluable understanding and insights about the status of CSR in Iran, an important country in the Middle East. Furthermore, it validates and supports a recently proposed CSR scale by providing empirical findings from a culturally different context.