Citizenship Status Research Articles

Life safety culture as a pedagogical problem

It is well known that security is a necessary condition for the long-term development of humanity, society, the state and civilization as a whole, ensuring their stability and success. Currently, the Russian Federation pays close attention to the issues of educating the younger generation about a culture of life safety, which is supported by government initiatives, because ensuring the safety of the state citizens is among the priority components of a high standard of living. It is the culture of life safety that is defined as a component of the general culture of an individual and the main target for the activities of educational organizations. In this regard, the problem of the research is to substantiate the culture of life safety as a pedagogical category. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the content of the concept of “life safety culture” as a subject of pedagogical discourse and the basic target of the state educational policy. The methodological basis of the research is represented by the use of methods of analysis, theoretical generalization, and description.The results of the research are as follows: various approaches to the content of the concept of “life safety culture” as a pedagogical category have been analyzed; the structural components of safety culture have been identified; the target guidelines for instilling a life safety culture in educational institutions have been substantiated.Key conclusions: the issues of developing a culture of life safety among students have been considered in two contexts, as a necessary condition for the activities of teachers in developing the experience of safe behavior of students and as the creation of pedagogical conditions for a safe educational environment by all participants in educational activities. The target guidelines for instilling a culture of life safety among students are an integrated set of the following components: psychological, political, economic, environmental and information security of an individual.

Hitting closer to home: State policies’ impacts on health by race and legal status

While the proliferation of inclusionary and exclusionary state policies has led to an increasingly heterogeneous patchwork of state climates, state policy and the climates they create have become increasingly important for health outcomes. We leverage the heterogeneity across state policy climates to test the relationship between state-level policies and health inequality across the US. We include 24 state policies related to public health and safety, immigration enforcement, integration, and healthcare to capture the state climate. Using the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), a nationally representative study of households in the U.S., we estimate multilevel regression models to assess the relationship between state policy climate and healthcare utilization. We further examine differential effects of the policy climate across various vulnerable groups, by examining differences by citizenship status and race. We find that more exclusionary policies may be detrimental to healthcare utilization for all residents regardless of race and legal status– but ultimately racial minorities and noncitizens see the greatest benefits from inclusive policy climates.

Social Determinants of Health and Multimorbidity Among Adults 50 Years and Older in the United States.

Living with two or more chronic conditions simultaneously-known as multimorbidity-has become increasingly prevalent as the aging population continues to grow. However, the factors that influence the development of multimorbidity are still not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of multimorbidity among U.S. adults 50 years and older and identify associated factors with multimorbidity. We used data from four cycles from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018) to examine the associations between social determinants of health and multimorbidity among American adults aged 50 years and older. A set of variables on socioeconomic status and health behaviors was chosen based on the social determinants of health conceptual framework developed by the World Health Organization. In our study, 4,552 participants were included. All analyses were accounted for a complex survey design and the use of survey weights. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associated factors with multimorbidity. The average age was 63.1 years, and 52.9% were female. The average number of chronic conditions was 2.27. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 63.8%, with high cholesterol and hypertension being the most prevalent conditions. In the adjusted model, age, gender, household income, citizenship status, health insurance, healthcare access, body mass index, and smoking status were found to be associated with living with multimorbidity. Our results indicate that continued efforts aimed at promoting smoking cessation and maintaining a healthy weight will be beneficial in preventing the onset of chronic conditions. Additional research is warranted to gain a deeper understanding of the interrelationships between gender, race/ethnicity, household income, citizenship status, health insurance, and healthcare access as social determinants of health in the context of multimorbidity. Further research will help us develop targeted interventions and policies to address disparities and improve health outcomes for individuals with multimorbidity.

Aggressor State, Aggressor Individual, and What International Law Does/Should Protect

This note examines the measures taken against Russian citizens in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian War in positive international law and analyzes the rationale for sanctioning individual citizens of an aggressor state. It questions whether the gravity of state aggression by Russia enables measures targeting individuals based solely on their Russian citizenship by investigating whether the blanket denial of asylum and imposition of travel bans for Russian citizens constitutes a breach of norms of international law. It further tests this citizenship link by turning to the legality of denationalization of pro-Russian Ukrainian citizens under international law. Building on this foundation, the note probes the existing schemes of responsibility under international law and corporate law to delve into how international law should approach citizens of an aggressor state.

Citizenship and social status in Miriam Tlali's Muriel at Metropolitan

An interactional feminist stance was reflected in South African literary texts as early as the 1970s. Miriam Tlali's pioneering work Muriel at Metropolitan (1975), for example, explores how black women are most palpably confronted with intersecting oppressions and inequalities because of mutually reinforcing axes of race, ethnicity, gender, and class. These social categories provided the basis to differentiate groups from each other and were utilised to produce unequal power relations. Such inequalities were not only created by the apartheid regime, but also by African Customary Law, although the latter was subject to the twin influences of colonialism and apartheid. In this article I analyse five key passages of the novel through an intersectional lens by looking into the correlation between these systems, intersectional axes, citizenship, and social status. The close reading of the extracts shows that the characters' civil rights are curtailed, and their social status reduced through inter alia dehumanising stereotypes, racial and gendered naming strategies, and polarising pronouns. Furthermore, the discursive counterreactions of the black female protagonist Muriel are charted. These consist of rational argumentation, norm-breaking, objectification, and distancing techniques. Her retorts represent her resistance against multiple subjugations and take the shape of what is now called intersectional feminism(s).

Immigration concerns and social program avoidance: The roles of legal status and family composition among asian and latino communities

ObjectivesImmigration policies significantly affect immigrants and their families' access to social programs. This study examines the role of legal status and familial composition in Asian and Latino adults’ avoidance of social programs and assesses differences between the groups. We categorized respondents’ familial composition based on whether all household members had the same citizenship status. We created two groups: respondents with cross-status ties and those without. MethodsWe use data from 1000 U.S. adults with proximal or distant ties to noncitizens (collected in September 2021) to employ multivariable generalized linear models with binomial family and logit link to assess avoidance of needed social programs due to immigration concerns. ResultsOur fully adjusted model reveals that compared to U.S. citizens without familial cross-status ties (i.e., all-citizen household members), legally precarious immigrants (LPI) without cross-status ties (odds ratio (OR)= 3.64, 95 % CI: 1.67–7.96), LPI with cross-status ties (OR=1.71, 95 % CI: 1.14–2.57), and U.S. citizens with cross-status ties (OR=1.66, 95 % CI: 1.14–2.40), were more likely to report avoidance of needed social support programs. Further, an interaction analysis shows that Asian lawful permanent residents with cross-status ties exhibit a higher likelihood of avoiding social programs due to immigration concerns compared to their Latino counterparts. ConclusionThe far-reaching consequences of anti-immigrant policies on noncitizen individuals and their families, including U.S. citizens, may lead to disparities in access to social assistance programs that may exacerbate health disparities. Further, our findings suggest that immigrants’ cross-status ties to U.S. citizen family members may be protective against the harmful effects of anti-immigrant policies.

Factors associated with primary healthcare provider access among trans and non-binary immigrants, refugees, and newcomers in Canada

ObjectiveTrans and non-binary (TNB) immigrants, refugees, and newcomers (IRN) face intersecting challenges and barriers, including stigma and persecution in countries of origin, and others unique to the Canadian resettlement process. The present study aimed to investigate factors that are associated with having a primary healthcare provider among TNB IRN. DesignTrans PULSE Canada was a community-based, national study of health and wellbeing among 2,873 TNB people residing in Canada, aged 14 and older, who were recruited using a multi-mode convenience sampling approach.. The survey asked questions about identity, community, service access, health – and IRN were asked questions specific to immigration/settlement. ResultsOf the 313 IRN participants who completed the full survey version (age M = 34.1, SE=0.75), 76.4 % had a primary healthcare provider. TNB IRN largely reported being Canadian citizens (59.8 %), gender non-binary or similar (46.9 %), currently living in Ontario (35.5 %), and having immigrated from the United States (32.1 %). Chi-square analyses revealed that having a primary healthcare provider was associated with age, gender identity, citizenship status, region of origin, current location in Canada, length of time since immigrating to Canada, status in gender affirming medical care, and having extended health insurance. With modified Poisson regression, we found that TNB IRN who were non-permanent residents, originating from European, African, and Oceania regions, or living in Quebec and the Prairie provinces were less likely to have a primary healthcare provider. ConclusionResults may inform settlement organizations of the unique needs and barriers of TNB IRN. Schools and LGBTQ+ organizations may better serve this population – especially those originating from highlighted regions, who live in Quebec or the Prairie provinces, and/or are non-permanent residents – by offering programs that connect them to primary healthcare providers who are competent in cross-cultural trans health.

Disparities in heart failure between White, Black, and Hispanic young adults: insights from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

The prevalence of heart failure (HF) is increasing among young adults in the United States with pervasive racial and ethnic differences in this population. To evaluate contemporary associations between race and ethnicity, clinical comorbidities, and outcomes among young to middle-aged adults with HF. A retrospective analysis was performed using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All participants with a self-report of HF aged 20-64 years from 2005 to 2018 were included and stratified by race and ethnicity [non-Hispanic (NH) Whites, NH Blacks, and Hispanics]. Data on baseline characteristics including age, sex, marital status, citizenship, education level, body mass index, insurance, waist circumference, cigarette smoking, marijuana use, and relevant clinical comorbidities were included. Weighted logistic regression was performed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) to determine the association of race and ethnicity with HF. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to assess the association of race and ethnicity with all-cause and cardiac mortality. A total of 1,940,447 young to middle-aged adults had self-reported HF between 2005 and 2018, of whom 61% were NH White, 40% were NH Black, and 22% were Hispanic. When compared with NH White adults, NH Black adults had higher odds of HF adjusted for age, sex, insurance status, marital status, education level, citizenship status, and clinical comorbidities (adjusted aOR 2.63, 95% CI: 1.71-4.05, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the odds of HF between Hispanic and NH White adults (aOR 1.18, 95% CI: 0.64-2.18, p = 0.585). NH Black adults had higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and a comparable or lower burden of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular clinical comorbidities compared with NH White and Hispanic adults. No statistical significance was noted by race and ethnicity for all-cause and cardiac mortality during a follow-up of 5 years. NH Black young to middle-aged adults were more likely to have HF which may be related to higher blood pressure given the largely similar burden of clinically relevant comorbidities compared with other racial and ethnic groups.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY AND TEAM MEMBER EFFECTIVENESS OF MINORITIZED STUDENTS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION

Higher psychological safety (i.e., a common feeling among team members to take interpersonal risks without any fear of negative consequences) is related to increased learning in teams, yet there is no comprehensive study in engineering education to see how individual and team-average psychological safety are related to students' team experience, and particularly how that relationship differs based on gender, race/ethnicity, citizenship status, previous programming skills, attended semester, and students' GPA. This study addresses these questions using multi-linear regression and multi-level modeling. Individual psychological safety was significantly related to racial/ethnic identifications of Asian, "Black, African-American" (a single choice as presented to students), and Hispanic/Latino, being an international student, attended semester, and GPA. Team member effectiveness was significantly related to GPA, previous programming skills, attended semester, a racial identification of Black, African-American, and team-average psychological safety. The results of this study help engineering instructors understand what is happening in teams and add to our knowledge about the team experiences of minoritized students.

Dividing Lines in the EU’s Common Foreign Policy: Russia as a polarising factor

Amid the ongoing confrontation between Russia and the West, the processes of consolidation and divergence among political elites are crucial for understanding the mechanisms that form dividing lines. This is particularly important when examining the elites of the European Uni­on in their opposition to Russia. This article aims to develop a framework for analysing the dividing lines among EU elites in the context of relations with Russia. The analysis em­ploys a multi-tier model establishing a relationship between the ‘depth’ of a dividing line and the degree of elite disunity. The model includes two levels of analysis of dividing lines within the EU: supranational and national. The research demonstrates that, depending on the degree of interest misalignment and the availability of communication channels, elite divergence can result in segmentation, fragmentation or polarisation. Each of the tiers of divergence increa­singly reduces the likelihood of forming a common EU position on foreign policy issues. All three tendencies — segmentation, fragmentation and polarisation — are observed within the EU in relation to Russia at different levels of elite analysis. Crucial to the formation of a dividing line is the aspect of EU—Russia relations in question: the degree of distancing from the country or support for, and funding of, containment. Additional variables include factors such as the regional affiliation of the elite, their ideology and position within the power structure. Among all levels of analysis, polarisation is most evident in the efforts of supranational elites to promote ‘militant integration’, which conflicts with the interests of national elites and citizens of member states.

Mechanisms for achieving decent wage in the Russian economy

The article analyzes the new rules for setting minimum wage, introduced in 2020 in Russia in terms of how they contribute to achieving the decent wage in accordance with the current norms of international and Russian labour law. Minimum wage, while remaining a popular tool for regulating the wage floor, has undergone radical changes in 2020, which affected the basis for its calculation, the level and the frequency of its revision, as well as data sources. The completion of the first year cycles of the new rules for calculating the minimum wage and the stress test of 2022–2023 make it possible to assess the practice of their implementation. We assess the observed and projected effects of the new minimum wage methodology in relation to the norms of international documents (such as the Convention concerning the Minimum Wage of the International Labor Organization, the European Social Charter, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, as well as the Charter of Social Rights and Guarantees of Citizens of Independent States). The article gives special attention to the milestones in the development of legislative regulation of the minimum wage in modern Russia. Basing on positive economic analysis, we conclude that the changes in the rules for calculating the minimum wage have reduced its sensitivity to inflation and broken the link with the costs necessary to maintain the reproduction of human capital of the employee and her household. In this research, we have confirmed the hypothesis that the new rules for calculating the minimum wage are poorly favorable to the implementation of decent work as one of the declared national development goals of the country for the period up to 2030. We propose alternatives to reform the minimum wage in the direction of promoting the growth of real incomes of workers and members of their households. We stress the need to establish a stronger dialogue between the state and other stakeholders when developing effective solutions to achieve decent wages in terms of transformation of economy.

ЗАЩИТА СОБСТВЕННОСТИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ЗА РУБЕЖОМ

The main documents that determine the legal status of the property of the Russian Federation, as well as Russian legal entities and citizens located abroad, are considered with an assessment of the risks of loss of property rights in the current crisis conditions. The analysis of the legislation of foreign countries on the protection of state property and procedures for the seizure of property of other countries is carried out. An assessment of the impact of the current crisis situation on the definition of priority target tasks of the state policy in the field of state property protection was carried out. Based on the assessment, the relevance of the development of legal documents aimed at protecting state property is substantiated. The necessity of observing the principle of inviolability of private property, even belonging to citizens of unfriendly states, as well as the need to comply with the fundamental principles of law in relation to all those who are in economic and legal relations with our country is justified.

ОЗНАКИ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ ДЕЗІНФОРМАЦІЇ, СТВОРЕНОЇ ШІ В ІНТЕРНЕТ-ЗМІ, СОЦІАЛЬНИХ МЕРЕЖАХ

Nowadays, Internet mass media and social networks are a battlefield in the information war as a component of the armed battle for democratic convictions and consciousness of Ukrainians. Counterfeiting Russian disinformation created by AI in the Internet media is an important topical problem of journalism researchers and an applied problem of all Internet users for the formation of stable democratic beliefs, resistance to hostile manipulations of Russian propagandists. The importance of knowledge about the signs of Russian disinformation in the Internet media for every citizen of Ukraine and citizens of democratic states is due not only to the role of disinformation in the information war, which precedes and accompanies the armed war, has a long-term disturbing effect on the consciousness and psyche of people in order to deform the pro-Ukrainian mental horizon, destroy democratic values, planting a pro-Russian mental look, justifying Russia's war against the independent Ukrainian state. The purpose of the study is to teach Internet media users to identify the signs of Russian disinformation and to warn them against its harmful effects on the mind, emotions, and psyche. Russian disinformation weakens the spirit, will, and resistance, deliberately disorients, destabilizes, disorganizes people, manipulates consciousness, feelings, weakens a person's confidence in himself, the victory of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, hides miscalculations and mistakes of the Russians, creates false ideas about events, facts, phenomena in favor of Russia, encourages decisions that are disadvantageous to Ukrainians, independent Ukraine and democratic countries. Russian Internet media and social networks are dangerous for people who do not have the basics of mass media literacy, do not know the signs of Russian disinformation, cannot independently determine the content belonging to Internet media, Russian manipulators. The proposed study shows which signs of disinformation indicate that this is precisely Russian disinformation – a component of Russia's informational and psychological operations on the Internet in order to oppose their anti-Ukrainian influence. The article reveals the visible (external) and invisible (hidden in the context) signs of Russian disinformation in the Internet media, social networks by the forms of its reproduction: text, photo, audio, video.

African states and conflicts: a study of Northern Zone of Plateau State

Since the 1960s, African states have passed through different conflicts with reasons such as politics, ethnic, religious, and resource-based conflicts such as border or land disputes, and several other causes. The Northern Senatorial zone of Plateau State, Nigeria has witnessed several violent conflicts between 2001 and 2023 with several scholars assessing the immediate causes and its impact without looking at the remote causes. This study examines the history of conflicts in the Northern Plateau Senatorial zone and its persistent nature with its root causes. The study adopted history research method, which comprised primary and secondary sources. Data was obtained by the researcher from oral interviews in the Jos metropolis and across Plateau North. Also, books and Journals from the University of Jos and the National Library Jos branch provided quality data. The conflict in the Northern Plateau comprising five out of the six local council areas evolved from instances of clashes and skirmishes as a result of spontaneous ethnic and religious provocations and reactions to planned attacks between Christians and Muslins in Jos North and South starting from 2001, guerilla-style reprisals, cattle rustling, herder/farmer clashes across Bassa, Riyom and Barkin Ladi LGAs. The study found out that the root cause of conflicts in the Northern Plateau was the British colonial policies of the 1900s, which led to the massive influx of immigrants that settled permanently in Jos North and South, Barkin Ladi, Riyom and Bassa LGAs. The study discovers that the conflict in Northern Plateau has led to pervasive insecurity of lives and property, as evidenced by the spate of cattle rustling, armed robbery attacks, assassinations, and ethnic and religious feuds coupled with the seeming helplessness of security agencies to handle criminal attacks on civilian populations in Riyom, Barkin Ladi and Bassa LGAs. The study recommends that security can be secure if freedom and justice are allowed to reign through arresting perpetrators and punishing them severely, allowing freedom of economic, political and social participation for all citizens of Plateau State without ethnic or religious discrimination.

Three Hypotheses About America: Helper, Lincoln, Douglass, and King

This essay advances arguments and evidence for three hypotheses about America. First, that slavery was a burden to the South, and the nation, and that it degraded what it affected. Second, that, in the main, the Fathers of this nation meant it when they recognized slavery as a moral evil. And third, that the greatest American after Abraham Lincoln in effecting legal and attitudinal change in America for the betterment of relations between the races built his strategies for reform upon the Founders’ vision, and depended on its truth to achieve his successes. To support the hypothesis that slavery was a burden, the essay recalls the arguments of a white citizen of the slave state of North Carolina, Hinton Rowan Helper. To support the hypothesis that the Founders, in the main, meant it when they condemned slavery as a moral evil, it engages the arguments of a white man of the free West, Abraham Lincoln, and those of an escaped slave, Frederick Douglass. To support the hypothesis that the understandings of the American Founding provided the fundamental guide for the way forward, it invokes the arguments and actions of a black resident of the Jim Crow South, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Two white men, two black men, four Americans to support three hypotheses about America.

Financing of Pro-environmental Measures From the Programme European Funds for Infrastructure, Climate, Environment

The European Union promotes the implementation of pro-environmental initiatives to improve the living conditions of citizens in the Member States by improving the condition of the natural environment. The main sources of funding for environment and climate action in Poland from the cohesion policy funds are national programmes including: European Funds for Infrastructure, Climate and Environment (FEnIKS), as well as regional programmes. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the principles of financing pro-environmental projects from the funds of the FEnIKS programme, and to show how their implementation affects environmental protection and the improvement of climate conditions in Poland. The article also deals with the issue of control of the spending of European funds.

К вопросу о применении экспериментального правового режима в области телемедицины в России

The digitalization of society leads to the transfer of public relations into electronic form. Telemedicine is a new way of providing medical care. The undoubted advantages of telemedicine are cost reduction, the possibility of surgical intervention and constant monitoring of the patient's health, and the absence of geographical attachment. However, the introduction of a new method of providing medical care in the form of remote interaction with a patient using telemedicine technologies is impossible without experimenting with its use. Also, insurmountable conflicts may arise between the legal norms intended to regulate telemedicine activities and the legal norms in the field of telemedicine. Of particular value when making changes to legal regulation is the observance of a balance of interests, countering violations of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the individual. In the current legislation of the Russian Federation, it is possible to test new legal norms with the help of experimental legal regimes. The experimental legal regime is aimed at testing a new version of the legal regulation of public relations. Currently, the Russian Federation has introduced an experimental legal regime in the field of digital innovations in the field of medical activity, including the use of telemedicine technologies and technologies for collecting and processing information about the health status and diagnoses of citizens. However, the legal norms establishing this experimental legal regime do not introduce new legislation on telemedicine activities.

A Study on the Status of Global Citizenship According to Demographic Characteristics of College Students Majoring in Physical Education and the Impact of Global Citizenship on Self-Identity

A Study on the Status of Global Citizenship According to Demographic Characteristics of College Students Majoring in Physical Education and the Impact of Global Citizenship on Self-Identity

The Implementation of Character Education Values to Prevent Radicalism at the Indonesia-Malaysia Border

This study aimed to investigate the implementation of character education values as a means for preventing radicalism along the Indonesia-Malaysia border (specifically focusing on students at SMAN 1 or Public Senior High School 1, Jagoi Babang District, Bengkayang Regency). The study employed a descriptive study. The research focused on character education values as a means to prevent or suppress radicalism among the people of Jagoi Babang District, who were susceptible to ideas that contradicted the national ideology. The main targets of this effort were the students, who often played a role in provoking radical behavior. The study findings indicate that students were aware of their citizenship status due to their exposure to schooling. However, the availability of items from surrounding countries frequently encouraged students to consume a greater quantity of Malaysian products. Empirical evidence demonstrated that students had an innate comprehension of radicalism, despite the researcher merely hinting at the concept. Before being probed with more detailed inquiries during the interview, students were capable of offering comprehensive insights. The majority of students had exhibited their comprehension of the influence of radicalism. According to the research, schools in Jagoi Babang were not offering enough extracurricular, co-curricular, and in-school activities to keep students from becoming radicalized. This was true both inside the schools and in border communities. Nevertheless, students had prior knowledge regarding radicalism and its risks.

Epidemie i choroby jako obraz nieszczęścia w religijnej literaturze w metropolii kijowskiej w XVII wieku

Multilingual Ruthenian literature in the 17th century reflects the problems with disasters, mainly wars, which resulted in hunger and disease, often turning into epidemics. They harassed society devastatingly, causing fear and despair. Teachers, especially those from monastic circles, tried to channel these anxieties towards piety, religious activity and prayer practices. Therefore, they described misfortunes as signs sent by God, who desires human conversion. The existence of the intercession of saints was recalled, and works were published in which their effective intercession with God for people was popularized. The sermons and collections describing miracles, treated as testimonies, probably had a special motivating meaning. The works were written in Ruthenian and Polish, thus they were available to a wide range of citizens of a multinational state. In this way, pastoral goals were realized in relation to the Orthodox and Uniates, but the goal was also a more widely addressed (Roman Catholics, Protestants) apology of faith.