Reproductive efficiency of cows is an important feature of the cow that affects other productive economic indicators. Cows are very quickly after calving back in the reproductive cycle. However, long-term negative energy balance and poor metabolic adaptation to perinatal period can have a negative impact on reproductive traits of cows. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the metabolic status of cows in early lactation and the length of the service period. In order entered 40 Holstein-Friesian cattle (20 cows with service period to 100 days and 20 cows with service period of more than 100 days). The cows nick blood by venipuncture of v.jugularis or v.coccigea in the period 5-10 days after calving, and is determined by the concentration of NEFA, BHB, glucose, Ca, P, AST and bilirubin levels, insulin, IGF-I, and cortisol. In cows with a shorter service period there is a higher concentration of glucose, insulin, IGF-I, there is a tendency to higher values of Ca relative to the cows with an extended period of service. In addition to this was found in lower concentrations of cortisol, NEFA, BHB and bilirubin, and there was a tendency decrease in AST levels. The concentration of phosphorus is not different between the two groups tested. Classification of cows according to the values of insulin, IGF-I, NEFA and BHB leads to a statistically significant trend of cows with a service period to 100 days. Thus, with increasing concentrations of IGF-I and insulin levels, an increase in the number of cows with a service period to 100 days, and there is a positive trend. On the other hand, an increase in the concentration of NEFA and BHB leads to a decrease in the number of cows with a service period of less than 100 days, and there is a significant negative trend. Examine the trend change in the number of cows with a service period to 100 in the function of the value of other metabolites and hormones are not produced statistically significant results. There is a significant relationship between the metabolic and endocrine status of cows in the early postpartum period and length of service period.