COVID-19 Status Research Articles

No frequency change of prehospital treatments by emergency medical services providers for traumatic cardiac arrest patients before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: an observational study.

Out-of-hospital traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) often has a poor prognosis despite rescue efforts. Although the incidence and mortality of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have increased, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has decreased in some countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the prehospital setting, immediate treatment of cardiac arrest is required without knowing the patient's COVID-19 status. Because COVID-19 is usually transmitted through the respiratory tract, airway management can put medical personnel at risk for infection. This study explored whether on-scene treatments involving CPR for TCA patients changed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. This retrospective study used data from emergency medical services (EMS) run sheets in Gangwon Province from January 2019 to December 2021. Patients whose initial problem was cardiac arrest and who received CPR were included. Data in 2019 were classified as pre-COVID-19 and all subsequent data (from 2020 and 2021) as post-COVID-19. Age, sex, possible cause of cardiac arrest, and treatments including airway maneuvers, oropharyngeal airway (OPA) or i-gel insertion, endotracheal intubation (ETI), bag-valve mask (BVM) ventilation, intravenous (IV) line establishment, neck collar application, and wound dressing with hemostasis were investigated. During the study period, 2,007 patients received CPR, of whom 596 patients had TCA and 367 had disease-origin cardiac arrest (DCA). Among the patients with TCA, 192 (32.2%) were pre-COVID-19 and 404 (67.8%) were post-COVID-19. In the TCA group, prehospital treatments did not decrease. The average frequencies were 59.7% for airway maneuvers, 47.5% for OPA, 57.4% for BVM, and 51.3% for neck collar application. The rates of ETI, i-gel insertion, and IV-line establishment increased. The treatment rate for TCA was significantly higher than that for DCA. Prehospital treatments by EMS workers for patients with TCA did not decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead, the rates of ETI, i-gel insertion, and IV-line establishment increased.

Willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine in relation to psychological wellbeing among a sample of university students in Vietnam

Background and aimsNowadays, there are contradicting opinions about the benefits and risks of COVID-19 vaccine, which lead to the hesitance among recipients to receive the vaccine. This study aims to evaluate the university student’s attitude toward COVID-19 vaccine, preventative measure, and status of their psychological wellbeing.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study among Vietnamese students aged ≥ 18 years to evaluate their willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine, psychological wellbeing status, and preventive measure compliance. The participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire via Google Form. Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed with p < 0.05 being considered as statistically significant.ResultsA total of 2998 randomly selected participants in Vietnam completed the questionnaire with participants’ mean age of 20.26 pm 1.84. The mean score for the willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination was 46.13 pm 19.03 (the highest point was 54). Regarding preventative measures, the mean score of compliance was 7.15 pm 1.98 over a 10 points scale and “being vaccinated or not” did not affect their compliance. 56.94% participants were having normal psychological wellbeing at the time of survey and rest 43.06% reported to have experienced stress, varying from slight to severe level. There might be a trend that those studying medicine or those with higher educational level had higher rate of stress than others.ConclusionThe study showed a positive result of Vietnamese students’ willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine and compliance towards preventive measures. Besides, we also reported that almost half participants had experienced stress during the pandemic. Developing proper interventions to deal with factors contributing to psychological wellbeing and related problems are essential to deal with and overcome the pandemic or post-pandemic struggles.

OVERVIEW OF COVID-19 CASES IN PREGNANCY AT THE HOSPITAL UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA, INDONESIA, WHEN THE PANDEMIC STORM HIT IN THE 2020-2022 PERIOD.

COVID-19 (Coronavirus 2019) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2), an acute infectious disease primarily affecting the respiratory system. Data on COVID-19 exposure during pregnancy and issues associated with COVID-19 during pregnancy remain limited. This research aimed to determine the number of pregnant women infected by COVID-19, laboratory test findings of pregnant women related to COVID-19 infection, infant outcome from mother with or without COVID-19 infection and referential status for COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pregnant women at the USU Hospital during the 2020-2022 period. This research was conducted using a descriptive method with a cross-sectional study approach using a non-probability sampling technique by collecting secondary data from COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pregnant women at the USU Hospital during the 2020-2022 period, where 112 samples were obtained. The majority of COVID-19 pregnant women and non-COVID-19 pregnant women have been identified sequentially based on Hb (11.6%-decreased vs 79.5%-normal); Ht (11.6%-decreased vs 76.8%-increased); leukocytes (11.6%-increased vs 83%-normal); thrombocytes (8.9%-normal vs 86.6%-normal); PT (9.8%-normal vs 50.9%-normal); APTT (11.6%-normal vs 87.5%-normal); D-dimer (11.6%-long vs 56.3%-long); procalcitonin (7.1%-increased vs 87.5%-normal); NLR (8%-increased vs 82.1%-normal); CRP (12.5%-increased vs 87.5%-normal) and all of the baby outcomes were non-COVID-19 and the majority of pregnant women were not referred. Based on the data in this study, the majority of pregnant women and babies at the USU Hospital during the 2020-2022 period were non-COVID-19 positive and with non-referral status. Laboratory findings of COVID-19 in pregnancy significantly reveals abnormalities.

Technological interventions, material recognition and policy checks for dwelling spaces amid COVID-19 pandemic

People spend 80–90% of their total time inside their dwelling spaces which is further increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering this, the important question here is to assert whether the dwelling spaces are ready/safe for their occupants. With the prevailing conditions, it becomes necessary to devise some measures/strategies for restricting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the buildings. So, this communication is an attempt to understand the present status of COVID-19 and to see the various engineering measures which can minimize/control the virus. This is further related by establishing some policy checks for developing healthy and safe dwelling spaces. The present study also brings forth insights about the existing technologies and various policy checks that need to be administered to create congenient inhabitation to abate the extrapolatory effects of COVID-19 and related diseases. As a result, it can be stated that indoor temperature should be kept between 280 and 301 K for healthy and comfortable dwellings.

Prevalence and factors associated with long COVID and mental health status among recovered COVID-19 patients in southern Thailand.

Mental health disorders have become a growing public health concern among individuals recovering from COVID-19. Long COVID, a condition where symptoms persist for an extended period, can predict psychological problems among COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of long COVID and mental health status among Thai adults who had recovered from COVID-19, identify the association between the mental health status and long COVID symptoms, and investigate the risk factors associated with the correlation between long COVID and mental health outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 939 randomly selected participants in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, southern Thailand. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 was used to investigate mental health symptoms, and a checklist comprised of thirteen common symptoms was used to identify the long COVID among participants. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the risk factors associated with mental health status and long COVID symptoms among participants. Among the 939 participants, 104 (11.1%) had depression, 179 (19.1%) had anxiety, and 42 (4.8%) were stressed. A total of 745 participants (79.3%) reported experiencing at least one symptom of long COVID, with fatigue (72.9%, SE±0.02), cough (66.0%, SE±0.02), and muscle pain (54.1%, SE±0.02) being the most frequently reported symptoms. All long COVID symptoms were significantly associated with mental health status. Shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest tightness were the highest risk factors for mental health status among COVID-19 patients. The final multivariable model indicated that female patients (OR = 1.89), medical history (OR = 1.92), and monthly income lower than 5,000 Thai baht (OR = 2.09) were associated with developing long COVID symptoms and mental health status (all p<0.01). This study provides valuable insights into the potential long-term effects of COVID-19 on mental health and enhances understanding of the mechanisms underlying the condition for predicting the occurrence of mental health issues in Thai COVID-19 patients.

Medical students’ disease status of COVID-19: A multicenter study

BACKGROUND. Ever since its insurgence and wide-scale spread, COVID-19 has proved to be a challenge for healthcare workers throughout the world. Efforts have been made to scale its incidence and prevalence, find out cure for it as well as preventive measures like vaccines. METHODS. This is a cross-sectional study in which a predesigned proforma was disseminated amongst the medical students of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. To gauge the status of COVID-19 amongst the medical students open-ended and close-ended questions were asked. These involved extracting demographics as well as information pertaining to signs and symptoms, hospital admission status and vaccination. RESULTS. A total of 605 medical students belonging to 16 different medical colleges responded. The frequency of COVID-19 was 31.4%, amongst the medical students. Students of clinical years were 1.31 times more likely to catch the infection than preclinical students. The self-isolation rate was 30.4%, hospital admission rate was 5%, and vaccination rate was 95%. The commonest presentation of COVID-19 was fever followed by fatigue and body aches. CONCLUSIONS. The status of COVID-19 in KPK medical students is comparable to the rest of the world. Hence, we can deduce that the safety measures taken by the government and the private health sectors are proving at par with the developed world.

Sleeping behavior and associated factors during COVID-19 in students at a Hispanic serving institution in the US southwestern border region

Sleep is responsible for maintenance and regulatory functions in human physiology. Insufficient sleep has been associated with cardiovascular disease, weight gain, obesity, inflammation, and morbidity. University students are at high risk under normal circumstances of stress and anxiety due to extracurricular demands, competing pressures on student time, long study hours, and financial concerns. The COVID 19 pandemic has disrupted normal college students’ lives adding stresses such as lost jobs and family responsibilities such as serving as caregivers, which disproportionally affect minority and rural student. This study aimed to assess the correlation of sleep disorders in New Mexico State University students during COVID 19 with selected variates including base demographics (e.g., gender, age, etc.), lifestyle metrics (e.g., employment status, discipline, class, etc.), living arrangements (e.g., housing type, number of children, etc.), alcohol and tobacco use, vaccination status, family COVID status, and family vaccination status. Single- and multi-factor logistic regressions were performed to analyze the data on the students. Qualtrics software was used to collect data on demographics and sleep disorders. R software was used for data analysis. Correlations were found between sleeping less, sleeping more, and disturbed sleep among several covariate categories. For all three responses, being married (sleeping less: OR = 0.342, 95% CI = 0.181–0.642, sleeping more: OR = 0.265, 95% CI = 0.111–0.591; disturbed sleeping: OR = 0.345, 95% CI = 0.182–0.650), frequency of feeling sleepy-very often (OR = 16.87, 95% CI = 6.571–47.434; OR = 8.393, 95% CI = 3.086–25.298; OR = 13.611, 95% CI = 5.409–36.975) and change in diet- quality decreased (OR = 7.304, 95% CI = 3.615–15.270; OR = 5.250, 95% CI = 2.309–12.558; OR = 4.181, 95% CI = 2.145–8.359) were all significant correlated to change in sleeping behavior. Other correlations were found among covariates and sleep changes. Several covariates were determined to be correlated with the effect of COVID-19 on sleeping.

Outcomes of COVID-19-Positive Donor Heart Transplantation in the United States.

Background Little is known regarding the impact of donor COVID-19 status on recipient outcomes after heart transplantation. In this study, we characterize outcomes of the first 110 heart transplants from organ donors positive for COVID-19 (COVID-19+) in the United States. Methods and Results Retrospective analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing database was performed for single-organ adult heart transplants from January 2020 to March 2022. Donor COVID-19+ status was defined as a positive nucleic acid amplification, antigen, or other COVID-19 test within 7 days of transplant. Nearest-neighbor propensity score matching used to adjust for differences between recipients of COVID-19+ and nonpositive donor hearts. Overall, 7251 heart transplants were included in analysis, with 110 using COVID-19+ donor hearts. Recipients of COVID-19+ allografts were younger (54 [interquartile range, 41-61]) versus 57 [46-64] years; P=0.02) but had similar rates of female sex and non-White race compared with those receiving allografts from negative donors. Nearest-neighbor propensity score matching resulted in 100 well-matched pairs of recipients of COVID-19+ versus nonpositive donor organs. The 2 matched groups had similar median lengths of stay (15 [11-23] days versus 15 [13-23] days; P=0.40), rates of graft failure (1% versus 0%; P=0.99), 30-day death (3% versus 3%; P=0.99), and 3-month survival (88% versus 94%; P=0.23) compared with recipients of nonpositive donors. No deaths occurred due to COVID-19 infection among the 8 (7%) total deceased recipients of COVID-19+ allografts to date. Conclusions Short-term outcomes of heart transplant recipients receiving COVID-19+ donor organs are reassuring. However, continued monitoring for long-term survival and potential complications are warranted.

COVID-19 Is an Independent Risk Factor for Detrimental Invasive Fungal Disease in Patients on Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Retrospective Study.

Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is associated with the mortality of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Several risk factors for IFD have been identified in patients with or without ECMO. Here, we assessed the relevance of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) for the occurrence of IFD in patients on veno-venous (V-V) ECMO for respiratory failure. In a retrospective analysis of all ECMO cases between January 2013 and December 2022 (2020-2022 for COVID-19 patients), active COVID-19 and the type, timing and duration of IFD were investigated. Demographics, hospital, ICU length of stay (LoS), duration of ECMO, days on invasive mechanical ventilation, prognostic scores (Respiratory ECMO Survival Prediction (RESP) score, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS)-10, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS)-II) and length of survival were assessed. The association of COVID-19 with IFD was investigated using propensity score matching and uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses. We identified 814 patients supported with ECMO, and 452 patients were included in further analyses. The incidence of IFD was 4.8% and 11.0% in patients without and with COVID-19, respectively. COVID-19 status represented an independent risk factor for IFD (OR 4.30; CI 1.72-10.85; p: 0.002; multivariable regression analysis). In patients with COVID-19, 84.6% of IFD was candidemia and 15.4% represented invasive aspergillosis (IA). All of these patients died. In patients on V-V ECMO, we report that COVID-19 is an independent risk factor for IFD, which is associated with a detrimental prognosis. Further studies are needed to investigate strategies of antifungal therapy or prophylaxis in these patients.

The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the condition of newborns depending on the mother’s COVID status: a retrospective study

Background. A novel coronavirus infection in newborns seems to be an unexplored problem, which encourages pediatric specialists to conduct in-depth research in this direction. The aim of the study is the impact of COVID status of mothers on the condition of newborns. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 554 newborn histories (form 097/y) born from January 2021 to May 2022 was carried out in the Maternity Hospital in Krasnodar: 226 children from SARS-CoV-2 positive women at the time of delivery (group 1), 165 children from women who had SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy (group 2) and 165 children from women who did not have SARS-CoV-2 in history during pregnancy (control group). Results. 42% of newborns from group 1 had positive results of the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) study, of which 36% had pneumonia. The frequency of preterm birth was: 29% in the group 1, 21% in the group 2, 13% in the control group. The gestational age 32–34 weeks was more common in group 1. Children from the group 1 had a more severe condition when assessed on the APGAR scale both at the first and fifth minutes. Congenital pneumonia was more common among patients of the groups 1 and 2 relative to the control, children from the group 1 more often needed respiratory support compared with the group 2 and control group. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 virus was verified in 42% of children born to mothers with a positive PCR at the time of birth, while every third disease was accompanied by the development of pneumonia. Coronavirus infection, regardless of the mother’s COVID status, is a risk factor for preterm birth, congenital pneumonia, and asphyxia. COVID-positive maternal and neonatal status is associated with an increased need for respiratory support.

Assessment of the Correlation Between Inflammatory Status and Severity of COVID-19: Experience from Tertiary Hospital in Iraq.

As COVID-19 pandemic has strikingly hit the health systems of many countries, thus, the assessment of disease severity and its correlation with clinical and biochemical markers has become a necessity. These predictors can help in the diagnostics and therapeutics of COVID_19 and future viral respiratory tract infections. This was a cross-sectional study to assess the association between inflammatory makers and chronic conditions on computed tomography (CT) severity score, and D-dimer as a surrogate marker of disease severity. The results showed that inflammatory markers, age, were positively and significantly correlated with D-dimer, but inversely with oxygen saturation (SPO2). CT score showed similar pattern with exception of C-reactive protein. Vaccines had positive impact on CT severity score and Neutrophil to lymphocyte ration. These favorable outcomes provide us with affirmation regarding WHO and other international organizations that encourage people to take vaccines and especially patients, who suffer chronic diseases. The ramifications of the results are vast and pave the pathway to manage and assess COVID-19 patients in Iraq healthcare facilities.

Faecal Viral Excretion and Gastrointestinal Co-Infection Do Not Explain Digestive Presentation in COVID-19 Patients.

The physiopathological mechanisms responsible for digestive symptoms in COVID-19 patients are still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of faecal viral shedding on digestive symptoms and propose differential diagnoses in order to understand the gastrointestinal clinical spectrum in acute cases of COVID-19. All patients managed between March and May 2020, from whom stool samples were collected for microbiological investigations, were included. Microbiological analysis consisted of syndromic PCR screening and microscopic parasitological examination supplemented with microsporidia and multiplex protozoa PCR. SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed via viral detection in respiratory and frozen stool samples, completed via serological test when necessary. Epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and biological data and clinical courses were compared according to COVID-19 status and faecal SARS-CoV-2 shedding and enteric co-infection status. The sample included 50 COVID+ and 67 COVID- patients. Faecal viral shedding was detected in 50% of stool samples and was associated with a higher viral load in the upper respiratory tract. Detected enteric pathogens were not different between subjects with different COVID-19 statuses or faecal SARS-CoV-2 shedding and had no impact on the clinical course for COVID-19 patients. The connection between SARS-CoV-2 shedding and enteric pathogen co-infection involvement in gastrointestinal presentation and clinical course is still unclear, suggesting other processes are involved in digestive disorders in COVID-19 patients.

Discordance Between Invasive and NonInvasive Oxygen Saturation in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients.

To investigate discordance in oxy-hemoglobin saturation measured both by pulse oximetry (SpO2) and arterial blood gas (ABG, SaO2) among critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19(+)) patients compared to COVID-19(-) patients. Paired SpO2 and SaO2 readings were collected retrospectively from consecutive adult admissions to four critical care units in the United States between March and May 2020. The primary outcome was the rate of discordance (|SaO2-SpO2|>4%) in COVID-19(+) versus COVID-19(-) patients. The odds each cohort could have been incorrectly categorized as having a PaO2/FiO2 above or below 150 by their SpO2: Fractional inhaled oxygen ratio (pulse oximetry-derived oxyhemoglobin saturation:fraction of inspired oxygen ratio [SF]) was examined. A multivariate regression analysis assessed confounding by clinical differences between cohorts including pH, body temperature, renal replacement therapy at time of blood draw, and self-identified race. There were 263 patients (173 COVID-19(+)) included. The rate of saturation discordance between SaO2 and SpO2 in COVID-19(+) patients was higher than in COVID-19(-) patients (27.9% vs 16.7%, odds ratio [OR] 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11 to 2.27). The average difference between SaO2 and SpO2 for COVID-19(+) patients was -1.24% (limits of agreement, -13.6 to 11.1) versus -0.11 [-10.3 to 10.1] for COVID-19(-) patients. COVID-19(+) patients had higher odds (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.14-5.98) of having an SF that misclassified that patient as having a PaO2:FiO2 ratio above or below 150. There was not an association between discordance and the confounders of pH, body temperature, or renal replacement therapy at time of blood draw. After controlling for self-identified race, the association between COVID-19 status and discordance was lost. Pulse oximetry was discordant with ABG more often in critically ill COVID-19(+) than COVID-19(-) patients. However, these findings appear to be driven by racial differences between cohorts.

PATTERN OF SUBSTANCE USE DURING COVID-19

Objective: To assess the impacts of covid-19 on substance use behavior. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Department of Psychiatry, Dow Medical College, Dr. Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi and Model Addiction Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre (MATRC) Anti Narcotic Force, Karachi from December 16th 2020 to 15th April 2021. Methodology: Male patients of substance use disorders visiting on out-patient bases were enrolled and their status of covid-19 was assessed and impact of covid-19 on their substance use behavior was recorded. Sample size was of 250 clients and non-probability consecutive type sampling was done. Ethical approval was sought before commencement of study. Results: The mean age of 250 participants was 28.2 +- 8.25 years. Out of total 24 (9.6%) were came out PCR positive as Covid-19 while 226 (90.4%) were negative for covid-19. When they were asked regarding the effect of covid-19 on their substance taking behavior, 138 (55.2%) were in the favor that this pandemic has increased their substance using habit while 112 (44.8%) replied that their substance using behavior has been remained as usual and covid-19 has not affected it. Statistically covid-19 status whether positive or negative was significantly related with type of substance use as well as mode of substance use having P value of less than 0.05. While the effect of covid-19 over the substance using behavior was also significantly associated having P value of less than 0.05. Conclusion: The impact of covid-19 on substance use behavior was quite high in terms of usage, amount and mode of taking substance.

DYNAMICS OF COAGULATION HEMOSTASIS INDICATORS IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE DEPENDING ON COVID-19 STATUS

This article discusses the dynamics of coagulation hemostasis indicators in patients with ischemic stroke depending on the status of Covid-19. To date, according to a review of the literature, there is no consensus regarding anticoagulant and antiplatelet prevention of cerebrovascular complications in COVID-19.

THE SEVERITY OF NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIT IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE ON THE NIHSS SCALE DEPENDING ON THE STATUS OF COVID-19

This article discusses the severity of neurological deficit in patients with ischemic stroke on the NIHSS scale depending on the status of COVID-19. Based on the current situation, the need for a full-fledged dynamic study of the state of cerebral hemodynamics in terms of the relationship of these indicators with the results of neuro-immunological examinations and neuroimaging data, as well as determining the effect of cerebral blood flow reserves, as a parameter of functional plasticity of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with stroke against the background of COVID-19 is undeniable and unequivocally relevant from the point of view of practical neurology.

Prevalence of associated factors on depression during COVID 19 in students in a minority serving institution: A cross sectional study.

The COVID-19 pandemic changed the learning style of university students in the US, affecting their mental health of students. This study aims to understand the factors that influenced depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in the New Mexico State University (NMSU) student population. A questionnaire assessing mental health and lifestyle factors was delivered to NMSU students by using QualtricsXM software. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire- 9 (PHQ-9); depression was defined as a score ≥10. Single and multifactor logistic regression was performed using R software. This study determined that the prevalence of depression among female students was 72% and 56.30% among male students. Several covariates were significant for increased odds of depression in students, including decreased diet quality (OR: 5.126, 95% CI: 3.186-8.338), annual household income $10,000 - $20,000 (OR: 3.161, 95% CI: 1.444-7.423), increased alcohol consumption (OR: 2.362, 95% CI: 1.504-3.787), increased smoking (OR: 3.581, 95% CI:1.671-8.911), quarantining due to COVID (OR: 2.001, 95% CI: 1.348-2.976), and family member dying of COVID (OR: 1.916, 95% CI: 1.072-3.623). Covariates of being male (OR: 0.501, 95% CI: 0.324-0.776), married (OR: 0.499, 95% CI: 0.318-0.786), eating a balanced diet (OR: 0.472, 95% CI: 0.316-0.705), and sleeping 7-8h per night (OR: 0.271, 95% CI: 0.175-0.417) were all protective factors for depression in NMSU students. This is a cross-sectional study, and therefore, causation cannot be determined. Several factors regarding demographics, lifestyle, living arrangements, alcohol and tobacco use, sleeping behavior, family vaccination, and COVID status were significantly associated with depression in students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ease of Intubation with McGrath Videolaryngoscope and Incidence of Adverse Events During Tracheal Intubation in COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Observational Study.

Tracheal intubation in critically ill patients remains high-risk despite advances in equipment, technique, and clinical guidelines. Many patients with COVID-19 were in respiratory distress and required intubation that is considered an aerosol-generating procedure (AGP). The transition to videolaryngoscopy as a routine first line option throughout anesthetic and ICU practice has been reported. We evaluated the ease of intubation, success rate, use of accessory maneuvers and adverse outcomes during and 24 hours after intubation with the McGrath videolaryngoscope. This was a prospective, observational single center study conducted at non-operating room locations that included all adults (>18 years old) with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection and were intubated by McGrath videolaryngoscope. The anesthesiologist performed tracheal intubation were requested to fill online data collection form. A co-investigator was responsible to coordinate daily with assigned consultants for COVID intubation and follow up of patients at 24 hours after intubation. A total of 105 patients were included in our study. Patients were predominantly male (n=78; 74.3%), their COVID status was either confirmed (n=97, 92.4%) or suspected (n=8, 7.6%). Most were intubated in the COVID ward (n=59, 56.2%) or COVID ICU (n=23, 21.9%). The overall success rate of intubation with McGrath in the first attempt was 82.9%. The glottic view was either full (n=85, 80.95%), partial (n=16, 15.24%) or none (n=4, 3.81%). During intubation, hypoxemia occurred in 18.1% and hypotension in 16.2% patients. Within 24 hours of intubation, pneumothorax occurred in 1.9%, cardiac arrest and return of spontaneous circulation in 6.7% and mortality in 13.3% of patients. These results illustrate the ease and utility of the McGrath videolaryngoscope for tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients. Its disposable blade is of significant value in protectin during tracheal intubation.

Depression among Jordanian women during pregnancy in COVID-19: Role of social support

&lt;b&gt;Aims:&lt;/b&gt; To describe the level of depression and social support experienced by pregnant Jordanian women and assess the role of support and other factors on depression level among a sample of Jordanian women during pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Method&lt;/b&gt;: The study invitation and link to an online survey were shared during November 2021 via social media and through word of mouth. A convenience sample of 434 pregnant women completed the study questionnaire, which included questions on their COVID-19 status, demographics, depression, and social. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressive Scale (CES-D).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;: The prevalence of depression among women during pregnancy was 28.3%. The mean of depression score among women during pregnancy was 24.3±4.4. The prevalence of social support among women during pregnancy were (63%). The mean social support score among the participants was 39.3±9.1. Factors associated with a higher depression score included not get influenza vaccination, not having insurance, described life as poor, having pressure, and not having social support.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; This is a national study among women during pregnancy in Jordan. The study found that people who took influenza vaccination, having insurance, described life as poor, and having pressure, they experience more depression than other people. Moreover, our study found as social support increased, the depression decreased.

RADIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SINONASAL, INTRAORBITAL AND INTRACRANIAL EXTENSION OF MUCORMYCOSIS IN POSTCOVID PATIENTS

Background: Mucormycosis is a fatal and progressive condition that affects immunocompromised patients in the post-COVID state. Radiological assessment by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is useful to determine the severity and extent of the disease. Objective: The objective of this research is to evaluate mucormycosis in post-COVID patients using radiological investigations like computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and also to study the extent of disease in patients with diabetes and with steroid/ immunosuppressant use. Methods: A prospective observational study was undertaken at Dr. D. Y. Patil Hospital and Medical College, Pimpri Pune from March-June 2021. All patients who presented with mucormycosis were either COVID-19 positive or recovered from COVID-19 infection. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed in these patients. Results: The association between the status of diabetes mellitus and extent of involvement, steroids/immunosuppressant use and extent of involvement was statistically significant with a p value of &lt;0.001. Conclusion: Patients with post COVID-19 status and diabetic status with steroid therapy during the treatment of COVID-19 may increase the risk of developingopportunistic infections like mucormycosis. Post COVID-19 related mucormycosis on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging