Statistical Package For Social Sciences Research Articles

Utilization of modern contraceptives and associated factors among women of homeless reproductive age in Adama town, Oromia, Ethiopia

BackgroundFamily planning refers to a conscious effort by a couple to limit or space the number of children they have through the use of contraceptive methods. Contraceptive utilization is a practice that helps individuals or couples avoid unwanted pregnancy. A lack of family planning puts homeless individuals at a higher risk of unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. However, there is little data about modern contraceptive utilization among homeless women in the study area.ObjectivesIt has aimed to assess the utilization of modern contraceptives and associated factors among homeless reproductive-age women in Adama town, 2023.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Adama town among 286 homeless women. A convenience sampling technique was used. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pretested structured questionnaire. The collected data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi Info, and the data were exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study population. The associations between dependent and independent variables were modeled using binary logistic regression. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate associations, and a P value < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.ResultsOut of the planned 289 respondents, 286 (98.9%) were participated. The prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization was 56.6% [95% CI: (50.7, 62.2)]. Among the utilizers, implants (52.5%), injectables (42%), and pills (5.5%) were used. Homeless women aged 25–34 years [AOR = 4.22, 95% CI: (1.77, 10.05)], a formal education [AOR = 3.04, 95% CI: (1.21, 7.60)], a slept off-street [AOR = 2.81, 95% CI: (1.25, 6.34)], a monthly income greater than or equal to 2400 Ethiopian birr [AOR = 4.18, 95% CI: (2.11, 8.29)], a sexual intercourse AOR = 3.14, 95% CI: (1.17, 8.40)], and a history of pregnancy after joining the street life [AOR = 9.21, 95% CI: (3.67, 23.12)] were factors significantly associated with the utilization of modern contraceptives.ConclusionThe prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization among homeless women was relatively higher than in previous studies. The associated factors for contraceptive utilization included age, education, place for sleeping, income, sexual intercourse and history of pregnancy after joining the street life. The Regional and Adama town Health Bureau and facilities should develop targeted interventions (considering age, educational, and other disparities) to reduce the unmet need for modern contraception and halt unnecessary health outcomes among homeless women, their children, and families.

Premature Rupture of the Membrane– Microbiological Assessment

Introduction: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) refers to the breaking of the amniotic sac before the onset of labor. When this happens before 37 weeks of gestation, it is termed preterm (PROM). One critical aspect of managing PROM or PPROM is the microbiological assessment, as infection plays a significant role in the outcome for both mother and fetus. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in a private clinic at Dhaka from January 2023 to December 2023. A total of 50 pregnant patients (N=50) with PROM were enrolled in this study following the inclusive criteria. Data were collected in the predesigned data collection sheet. Data were analyzed statistical package for social science (SPSS). Result: Commonest organism 72% were no growth, 10% were streptococcus, 6% were candida, 2% were delivered alpha-hemolytic streptococcus, 2% were E. coli Conclusion: Premature rupture of membrane and chorioamnionitis may cause antagonistic maternal consequences linked to infection. Premature rupture of membrane indicated lower birth weight for infants. Proper antibiotics must be certain prophylactically for the anticipation of intra-partum infection in case of PROM. EWMCJ Vol. 12, No. 1&amp;2, January-July 2024: 75-79

Prevalence of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among postnatal mothers in West Arsi zone, South West Ethiopia, 2024: a community-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundUp to one-third of women globally experience giving birth as traumatic, which can lead to postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder. Postpartum post-traumatic stress disorders have significant health consequences for the mother, child, and other family members. Although it has tragic health impacts, little is known about this problem in the study area.ObjectivesThe study aimed to assess the prevalence of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder and associated factors among postnatal mothers.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was employed among 635 mothers in the first year after childbirth by using simple random sampling techniques from March 20 to April 20, 2024 in West Arsi zone, Ethiopia. Face-to-face interviewers administered structured questionnaires that were used to collect the data. The collected data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epidata and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences for further analysis. Both bivariate and multivariable analyses were done by using binary logistic regression.ResultOut of 635, 624 postnatal mothers participated in the study, for a response rate of 98.27%. The prevalence of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder was 21.60% (95% CI: 18.40%, 24.87%). Primiparous mothers (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.38, 3.70), have no antenatal care follow-up (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.47, 4.20), cesarean section delivery (AOR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.50, 5.61), instrumental delivery (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.75, 5.34), maternal morbidity (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.71, 5.05), and postpartum intimate partner violence (AOR = 7.43, 95% CI: 4.53, 12.20) were the identified factors.Conclusion and recommendationAs identified, one out of five mothers had postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder. Thus, healthcare providers should focus on identified factors like cesarean section and instrumental deliveries while counseling, as this enhances the mothers’ psychological readiness. In addition, the West Arsi Zonal Health Office should develop effective strategies to alleviate the problem by focusing on the identified factors.

Association of Triglycerides, HDL, and Waist Circumference with eGFR in patients in private practice

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity all over the world. On the other hand, metabolic syndrome has been reported to be associated with adverse renal outcomes. Among the components of metabolic syndrome, diabetes and hypertension are established causes of renal impairment. However, the association of Triglycerides (TGs), High density lipoprotein (HDL), and Waist Circumference (WC) with renal function independently remains understudied. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the association of triglycerides, HDL, waist circumference with estimated glomeruar filtration rate (eGFR). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 100 subjects attending as outpatient in Ibn Sina Diagnostic Centre, Uttara from July 2023 to December 2023. Renal impairment was measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The eGFR was calculated using the modified modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation. Statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS 25.0 (Statistical Package for Social Science, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Continuous variables were expressed as means±standard deviation, and categorical variables as frequencies and proportions. The relationships between renal function with triglycerides, HDL and WC were assessed by correlation coefficient. A p-value &lt;0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among 100 subjects the overall incidence of renal impairment is 13 (13%). Waist Circumference (WC) and high Triglyceride (TG) have inverse relation with eGFR means significant association in developing renal impairment. Conclusion: This study suggests triglyceride and central obesity progress with renal impairment. Therefore, early monitoring and management of triglycerides and central obesity in CKD patients may help in decreasing the progression of the disease and, hence, mortality in CKD patients. EWMCJ Vol. 12, No. 1&amp;2, January-July 2024: 4-8

Knowledge and Preventive Practice of Urinary Tract Infection among Bangladeshi Female Ready-made Garments Worker

Ready-made garments (RMG) are Bangladesh’s largest export earner sector, with 800,000 workers, including two-thirds of females. Female RMG workers suffer from various illnesses, including urinary tract infections (UTI), but data is scars related it in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and preventive practice of UTI among female RMG workers. Method: This cross-section survey was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and preventive practice of UTI among female RMG workers. Using convenient sampling technique, we collected 351 data between February to April 2021 from two RMG. Data were analysed by using Statistical Package Social Science (SPSS) software version 23. Descriptive statistics was conducted using frequencies and proportions. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. Linear regression and Pearson co-relation was used to determine the association between knowledge and practice. Results: Of 351 participants, 22% had good knowledge and 33% were in good practice. The study found a statistically significant correlation between knowledge level of UTI and participants’ age, education, residence, family size, parents’ education and occupation (p&lt;0.05). Similarly, participants’ education, marital status, residence, family size, parents’ education and occupation were significantly correlated with practice level of female RMG workers towards UTI (p&lt;0.05). Furthermore, participants who received health-related training had good knowledge and practice of UTI. Conclusion: Female RMG workers’ sociodemographic variables were significantly correlated with their knowledge and practice of UTI. Training on health-related issues was significantly associated with good knowledge and practice of UTI. It’s urgent to keep female RMG workers aware of health-related issues and easily accessible health care. EWMCJ Vol. 12, No. 1&amp;2, January-July 2024: 50-59

Determinant of Family Takaful Adoption Among Puncak Alam Residents

This study investigates the key determinants influencing the adoption of family takaful among residents of Puncak Alam, Selangor. Despite the strategic design of family takaful to provide financial protection, particularly for low-income earners in the event of financial loss, its market penetration in Malaysia remains low. This raises important questions about the barriers to its widespread adoption, despite extensive promotional efforts by the takaful industry. The research aims to address these challenges by identifying and analyzing the factors that hinder the broader uptake of family takaful. A quantitative and descriptive research approach was adopted to gain a deeper understanding of the issue. Data collection was conducted using random sampling techniques, and the responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The study involved a structured survey of 100 respondents from Puncak Alam, which examined the impact of three key variables - price, knowledge, and satisfaction - on the adoption of family takaful. The findings of this study underscore the significance of these three factors in shaping consumers' decision-making processes regarding family takaful. Price, as an indicator of affordability, knowledge about family takaful products, and the level of satisfaction with existing services, were all found to significantly influence adoption rates. By highlighting these critical determinants, the research provides valuable insights for policymakers, takaful operators, and financial service providers to refine their strategies and promote wider adoption of family takaful, ultimately enhancing financial security for the Malaysian population.

Factors Influencing Vehicle Owners’ Intentions to Extend Special Perils Coverage in Motor Insurance

The rising frequency and severity of natural disasters have intensified the need for comprehensive motor insurance, particularly focusing on special perils coverage. This coverage plays a vital role in safeguarding vehicle owners against financial losses resulting from environmental hazards such as floods, landslides, and other catastrophic events. This study investigates the factors that influence vehicle owners' intentions to extend special perils coverage within their motor insurance policies in Klang Valley, Malaysia. A quantitative and descriptive research approach was adopted, employing convenience sampling techniques, with data analyzed using descriptive statistics through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to extract valuable insights. A structured survey involving 100 vehicle owners examines the impact of knowledge, promotional efforts, and perceived benefits on their decisions to opt for extended special perils coverage. The findings highlight that these three factors - knowledge, promotion, and benefits - significantly influence the decision-making process. The study's insights are valuable for insurance companies, policymakers, and educational institutions in crafting strategies to encourage the wider adoption of special perils coverage. By increasing awareness, enhancing promotional efforts, and communicating the benefits of such coverage, stakeholders can better meet the needs of vehicle owners and boost the uptake of comprehensive motor insurance. This study underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach in promoting insurance products that offer essential protection against escalating environmental risks.

The Environmental and Social Impacts of Fast Fashion on Youth: A Statistical Analysis

This abstract presents a concise overview of the research conducted on the impact It has gained significant popularity among young consumers due to its affordability and accessibility. However, this abstract highlights the adverse effects of fast fashion on youth in various aspects, including environmental sustainability, labor rights, and psychological well-being. The first section explores the environmental consequences of fast fashion. It discusses the excessive consumption and disposal of clothing, leading to significant resource depletion, pollution, and landfill waste. The detrimental effects of textile production, such as water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, are also examined. Moreover, the concept of planned obsolescence and its contribution to a throwaway culture are discussed, emphasizing the need for sustainable alternatives. Fast fashion is being recognized as a prominent force in today's swiftly expanding fashion business, revolutionizing the way young people consume and engage with apparel. manufacturing and consumption of stylish, inexpensive clothing that are frequently inspired by runway trends and popular culture. While fast fashion is currently rising in popularity among young people throughout the world, its influence reaches far beyond passing fashion fads. implications of rapid fashion on teenage behavior, environment, and general well-being. Fast fashion is linked to unsustainable manufacturing and consumption practices, which cause severe environmental destruction. Fast fashion's environmental repercussions and lingering impacts on the earth, including as depletion of resources, and trash creation, can be illuminated through research. Fast fashion is based on low-cost production, which is frequently done in underdeveloped nations where workers endure terrible working conditions and low salaries. Learning about the social and economic repercussions on teenagers in these places can help improve working conditions and promote fair trade practices. In this research we will be using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). As per the SPSS Analysis we get to know that in Reliability Statistics Cronbach’s Alpha is 0.784, Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items is 0.790 and Number of Items is 7. From the above results I conclude that in Reliability Statistics Cronbach’s Alpha is 0.784, Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items is 0.790 and Number of Items is 7.

Association Between Serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) And D-Dimer Levels In Covid-19 Patients In A Tertiary Level Hospital, Khulna

Background: The novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is major public health issue. It is the most significant global health challenge in the world. Biomarkers play a significant role to detect the severity of COVID-19 infection in the perspective of management of the patients. Aim and objective: We aimed to assess the association between the levels of C-Reactive Protein and D-dimer in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Pathology and department of Microbiology GMCH, Khulna. 152 patients with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID -19) positive patients were enrolled in this study. C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels are measured in the laboratory of Pathology department, GMCH, Khulna. All statistical computations were performed by using window-based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics 21 version). Results: In this study CRP level was found of mean value of 62.84± 44.64 mg/L with a range of 1.40-195.20 mg/L. It was normal in 21 (13.8%) patients and increased in in 131 patients (86.2 %). The mean value of D-dimer was 2.48 ± 02.20 mg/L with a range of 0.10-9.35 mg/L. D-dimer was normal in 26 (17.1%) patients, whereas it was increased in 126 patients (82.9 %). We performed Pearson’s correlation-coefficient (r) test to compare the association between the levels of CRP with D-dimer in COVID-19 positive patients. There was moderately positive and significant correlation (r = +0.647, p &lt;0.05) between the levels of CRP and D-dimer. Conclusion: There was statistically significant correlation between the levels of serum CRP with D-dimer in COVID-19 positive patients. These two biomarkers can be used to assess the severity in patients with COVID-19 positive with thrombotic disorder for reduction of morbidity and mortality of COVID positive patients. J Dhaka Med Coll. 2023; 32(1) : 57-62

Fostering Nurses’ Support in the Workplace: Addressing Job Burnout Among Malaysian Medical Doctors Working in Public Hospitals

Job burnout in employees is caused by individual factors, including demographic characteristics and nurses’ support. This study analyzed the relationship between nurses’ support and job burnout among medical doctors in Malaysian public hospitals. This research was a correlational study with a cross-sectional design. The research sample was 471 employees, using the non-probability sampling method with the purposive and quota sampling techniques. Data collection used the Abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory (aMBI) and nurses’ support items. The data in this study were analyzed using the Statistical Package Social Science (SPSS) and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) software. Findings suggest that 77 medical doctors who participated in the study were from Hospital Pulau Pinang, from the Emergency Department, mostly female, ranging from 24-56 years old, single, and have an MBBS education level. The study assessed the measurement model’s loading, average variance extracted (AVE), and composite reliability (CR) where the loadings were above 0.60. AVEs were greater than 0.50 and CRs were greater than 0.708. Additionally, the bootstrap BCI LL (-0.079) and UL (-0.002) for nurses’ support and job burnout were not straddled a 0 in between. Job burnout had a negative association with nurses’ support. In particular, nurses’ support towards medical doctors lowers their risk of job burnout, which has a substantial impact on medical doctors’ overall well-being. The findings indicated that medical doctors who had complete support from their nurses performed their jobs more efficiently, displayed good task performance, and experienced less job burnout.

Work Readiness Reviewed From Proactive Personality And Psychological Capital

Several factors, including proactive personality and psychological capital, influence work readiness. This study examines the influence of proactive personality and psychological capital on work readiness with a quantitative approach. The subjects of the study are final-year students from the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences at Mulawarman University, consisting of cohorts from 2016-2021, selected using a random sampling technique. The data are collected through scales of work readiness, proactive personality, and psychological capital. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (S.P.S.S.) program version 26.0 for Windows. This study's results indicate a significant influence of proactive personality and psychological capital on work readiness, as shown by the major hypothesis results: F = 21.291, R² = 0.428, and p = 0.000. This study concludes that there is a significant influence between proactive personality and psychological capital on work readiness.

FUTURE ENGLISH TEACHERS’ USE OF SELF-REGULATED LEARNING STRATEGIES IN DEVELOPING LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY

Abstract. One of the key objectives of education evaluation is to increase students’ capability in learning how to learn. For this purpose, teachers need to teach students the required knowledge and effective strategies. Self-regulation plays a major role in learning English in order to achieve setting goals. It is significant to monitor and control the behaviors and motivation in learning process. The purpose of this study was to explore English Language Teaching (ELT) pre-service teachers’ use of self-regulated learning strategies in developing language proficiency. The participants were 70 junior and senior students enrolled at the Foreign Languages Teaching Department of Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University in Turkestan. This study used quantitative descriptive research design. A survey method using questionnaire was used in order to collect necessary data and analyzed descriptively using Statistical Package for Social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The result of this study showed that ELT pre-service teachers use different types of self-regulated learning strategies in different situations. To be precise, the record keeping and monitoring strategy was found to be used more often than the strategies, such as rehearsal and memorization, seeking social assistance, goal setting and planning, seeking opportunities to practice English and self-consequences strategies. The study determines the learners who are soon-to-be English language teachers’ perceptions of using different kinds of self-regulation strategies, therefore the results might be useful in teaching English in the language classroom.

Knowledge Management and Employee Performance in Nigeria Money Deposit Banks: A Case Study of Lagos State

Employees play a crucial role in advancing an organization's human and social capital, contributing significantly to knowledge creation and management, especially in the banking sector. Acknowledging their importance, the banking industry prioritizes improving its workforce. As a result, organizations, particularly those in Nigerian banking, invest resources in boosting employee performance through training, motivation, and career development. Despite these endeavours, there are still observable shortcomings in the performance of employees within Nigerian deposit money banks. The study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study consists of 4,873 employees of the eight selected deposit money banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. A sample size of 464 was determined, and data was collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire with a Cronbach alpha value ranging from 0.79 to 0.92. The data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential tools. A response rate of 87.2% was recorded. Simple linear regression analysis was used to determine the effect of the variables using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 27. The findings revealed knowledge acquisition had a significant effect on employee performance in selected deposit money banks in Lagos State, Nigeria (Adj. R = 0.784; F(1, 404) = 64.762; p &lt; 0.05), also, knowledge sharing had a significant effect on employee performance (Adj. R = 0.702; F(1, 404) = 390.478; p &lt; 0.05), similarly, knowledge application had a significant effect on employee performance (Adj. R = 0.810; F(1, 404) = 769.885; p &lt; 0.05). The study concluded that knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing, and knowledge application have significant effects on employee performance. Based on these findings, it is recommended that deposit money banks in Nigeria invest in robust knowledge management programs and initiatives. These programs should focus on enhancing employees' abilities to acquire, share, and apply knowledge effectively. Implementing training sessions, workshops, and knowledge-sharing platforms can facilitate a culture of continuous learning and collaboration within the organization.

Factors that Influence the Use of Facebook in Service Delivery: A Case of Kisumu County Government, Kenya

Organisational communication needs to be effective for organisations to meet their objectives. This study examined Facebook as a communication tool for enhancing government service delivery in Kisumu County. It sought to determine the factors that influence the use of Facebook in service delivery in Kisumu County. The study used a descriptive research design. The population was 307,702 members of the public in Kisumu town. The Krejcie and Morgan tables was used to get the sample size. This study employed mixed methods in data collection which includes administered 399 questionnaires to service seekers and 5 interview guides to service providers in the county. Data analyses involved the utilization of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 26). Descriptive statistics was used to analyze quantitative data, while for qualitative data, a thematic analysis approach was applied, where responses were grouped into themes and sub themes and analyzed Facebook's role in the County Government of Kisumu service delivery was influenced by factors like internet penetration, demographic information, infrastructure, government policies, and economics. This study recommends that the County Government of Kisumu should develop comprehensive initiatives aimed at expanding internet coverage and improving connectivity, especially in underserved areas.

Career Choice and Self-Efficacy Toward Senior High School Students’ Career Goals in the Philippines

Purpose of the study: The study examined the career choices and self-efficacy of Senior High School students in the Philippines and how these are influenced by their demographic profiles such as age, gender, and educational strand. Methodology: The study employed descriptive-correlational study using an adapted questionnaire with sections on demographic profiles, career choices (realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional), and self-efficacy (Career Development Self-Efficacy Inventory. Data were collected from 308 Grade 12 students through Google Forms, analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, and involved ethics review and informed consent. Main Findings: Senior High School strand significantly correlates with career choices and self-efficacy. Age and gender show no significantly impact on career preferences or self-efficacy. Students demonstrate high self-efficacy in career goal-setting and training selection. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provided new insights into how Senior High School strands influence students’ career choices and self-efficacy, offering targeted recommendations for career guidance programs and advancing understanding of career development in the Philippine educational context.

Audio-visual Media Instructional Use and Its Effect on Reading Competences among Grade Two Pupils in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study was to evaluate audio visual media instructional use and its effect on reading competences among grade two pupils in Maara sub county, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. The study sought to identify the audio-visual resources available for teaching and learning reading competences, investigate extent to which teachers use the available audio-visual media, examine the challenges faced by teachers and learners in use of audiovisual media in teaching and learning reading competences and assess the learners reading abilities. The French Bell system Theory and a descriptive survey design were adopted in this study. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select 330 learners, 30 head teachers and 30 teachers, making a sample size of 390 respondents. The research instruments were questionnaires, interviews schedules, reading examination for grade two learners and classroom observation. Piloting of the research instruments was done in one public primary schools. The reliability of the research instruments was measured using a Cronbach's Alpha statitistic. The collected data was analyzed using Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and presented using tables, percentages frequencies and other descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics revealed that schools have limited computers (average 2.90 per school) with a low student-to-computer ratio (1:10). Tablets are more prevalent (average 19.17 per school), but functionality issues reduce their effectiveness. Projectors and mobile phones are more commonly available but are still not sufficiently utilized in classroom learning. The data on the competence of learners to read appears to be symmetrically distributed with the competence of learners tapering off at the tail ends. This implies that most of the learners on average could read between 21-69 words per minute. However, there are significant disparities in reading abilities among learners, with a notable percentage performing below expectations. This disparity highlights the need for targeted interventions to support learners who are struggling and to bridge the competence gap across different schools. The reliability statistics for variables testing on teacher’s attitude in the use of Audio-visual media, for variables testing on challenges in the use of audio-visual media and for variables testing on the classroom observation performance indicators, were 0.969, 0.981 and 0.944 respectively. The reliability statistics on all the research instruments was 0.990. A Cronbach's Alpha of 0.70 (70%) or higher reveals a strong internal consistency of a series of questions integrated to form a single scale measured by the coefficient. The study recommends the government to integrate digital learning in schools and ensure schools are fully equipped with an access to electricity and network connectivity. Ministry of Education to develop teachers’ capacity on the use of digital devices. The study also recommends the Kenya institute of Curriculum Development to develop a curriculum in line with competency based curriculum provided in digital devices. Lastly curriculum support officers and head teachers to support teachers to make use of available audio visual resources for teaching and learning.

Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Pengembangan Karir Dosen di Lingkungan Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Nusa Cendana Kupang

Career Development is a career planning process provided by a company to individuals as an effort or opportunity to enhance and develop their careers to a higher level according to their abilities and responsibilities. This study aims to determine the effect of work motivation on the career development of lecturers in the Faculty of Public Health at Nusa Cendana University, Kupang. The research is quantitative in nature. The population consists of 71 lecturers, with a sample of 41 respondents selected using purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using a work motivation scale and a career development scale with a Likert scale model. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 for Windows program. Data analysis was carried out using a simple linear regression test. The results showed that the calculated F-value was 54.237 with a significance value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05, which indicates that work motivation has an effect on career development. It is recommended to take advantage of the career development opportunities that have been organized and facilitated to achieve the desired career level. Based on the quantitative research conducted on the lecturers of the Faculty of Public Health at Nusa Cendana University, Kupang, it was found that work motivation influences career development

Exploring the Association Between Chief Executive Remuneration and Financial Performance: A South African Banking Perspective

This research aimed to determine whether there is an association between financial performance and chief executive officer (CEO) remuneration when South African banks are sampled. A quantitative research approach was applied using a descriptive research design. The research included a data range spanning over 10 years. Financial data were collected through the Integrated Real-time Equity System (IRESS). Multiple regression testing was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Correlation coefficients were measured, and multiple regression models were constructed. This study found that cashflow per share, market price per share and liquidity ratios were often identified as predictors of CEO remuneration. This research contributed to the body of existing knowledge by demonstrating that the remuneration paid to South African bank CEOs can be predicted by means of selected financial ratios. Limitations included that the census was small and only consisted of eight banks in total. This limitation was accommodated by expanding the time frame for data collection.

Exploring the Impact of Airport Services on Passenger Satisfaction in Tanzania: A Case Study of Julius Nyerere International Airport

Satisfying passengers at the airport has been the cornerstone for airlines and airports in air transport service. This study aimed to understand the effects of airline-related quality service dimensions on overall passenger satisfaction at airports. The study intended to analyse the effect of pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight services on passenger satisfaction at the airport. Passengers begin to interact with air transport services when booking a ticket, and airline-related service dimensions are considered part of the broader concept of airport services, which should be integrated as they overlap in satisfying passengers at the airport. Previous research focused extensively on airport-related factors but overlooked the specific impacts of airline services on overall passenger satisfaction. The study was guided by Total airport experience framework considering holistic view of passenger satisfaction. The study used a descriptive research design which targeted all international passengers travelled through Julius Nyerere International Airport at the time of conducting this study. In this regard, the study included departing and arriving passengers from Terminal III at the final lounge and baggage claim area. The Webb et al (1996) guidelines were used to determine the sample size which suggests that for population above 2,000, a sample of 1% is appropriate; The population consisted of 18,000 passengers arriving and departing at Julius Nyerere international Airport during the time of conducting survey; thus 180 passenger were selected randomly ensuring that every passenger had an equal chance of being selected. Collection of data invloved questionnaires with close-ended and open-ended questions. Descriptive analysis of collected data was conducted to summarize the main variables through utilizing the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for data analysis to obtain percentages and frequencies. The findings indicated that several dimensions of airline-related service influence passenger satisfaction: pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight dimensions. The findings revealed that these three dimensions positively affect passenger satisfaction. For instance, in pre-flight services, respondents reported satisfaction, highlighting the crucial role of effective management of pre-flight services in determining positive initial travel experiences. High satisfaction rates were also observed for in-flight services, emphasizing the importance of onboard amenities and crew responsiveness. However, post-flight services showed areas for improvement to enhance the overall passenger experience. Additionally, the results highlighted the strategic necessity for airlines and airports to prioritize service excellence across all touchpoints of the passenger journey. Enhancing service quality and responsiveness, particularly in mishap resolution and service delivery which are crucial for maintaining a competitive advantage and fostering customer loyalty. The study concluded that passenger satisfaction is highly influenced by three primary dimensions of airline related service: pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight dimensions. The study recommends the Airline and airport operators to focus on improving service quality delivery across all touch points of passengers journey by implementing an integrated approach such as coordinated decision making.

Conceptual Mappings of Metaphorical Euphemisms in Ekegusii Circumcision Ceremonies

Conceptual mappings are a key tenet of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and are sets of systematic correspondences between the source and target domains. As observed in the relevant literature, it is argued that metaphors establish a conceptual link between a source and target concept such that the target domain is understood through a source domain. As a result, the correspondences are constrained by different mapping scopes which help avoid the transfer of just any kind of feature from the source to the target concept. In this study, we sought to examine the conceptual mappings of metaphorical euphemisms in Ekegusii Circumcision Ceremonies. The study analyzed the conceptual mappings of metaphorical euphemisms used in EC based on the essentials of cognitive metaphor analysis and principles of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). The metaphor-related words (MRWs) identified using the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIPVU) were subjected to conceptual analysis using the CMT. The conceptualization of the target domain euphemisms was obtained through projections in the source domain such as objects, animals, plants, and human beings. In this view, the study identified the following four generic metaphors in Ekegusii Circumcision Discourse; Circumcision is a Human being, Circumcision is an Animal, Circumcision is a Plant and Circumcision is an Object. The study employed a descriptive research design. A combined method of elicitation and the native speaker’s intuition was used to collect culture-specific metaphorical euphemisms through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The quantitative data on the other hand was analyzed using the statistical Package for Social Sciences which is; Chi-square at a significant level of 0.05 was employed to test the association between the overall cross-tabulated corpus of the generic level metaphors versus the influence of demographic variables on the usage of euphemisms in Ekegusii Circumcision ceremonies. The findings of this study not only contribute to the existing literature in cognitive linguistics but also indicate that Ekegusii speakers conceptualize circumcision through metaphorical euphemisms. The findings of this study are of benefit to the ethnographers and metaphor theorists for further reference.