Statistical Instruments Research Articles

Evaluation of HIV-1 integrase variability by combining computational and probabilistic approaches.

This study aimed at updating previous data on HIV-1 integrase variability, by using effective bioinformatics methods combining different statistical instruments from simple entropy and mutation rate to more specific approaches such as Hellinger distance. A total of 2133 HIV-1 integrase sequences were analyzed in: i) 1460 samples from drug-naïve [DN] individuals; ii) 386 samples from drug-experienced but INI-naïve [IN] individuals; iii) 287 samples from INI-experienced [IE] individuals. Within the three groups, 76 amino acid positions were highly conserved (≤0.2% variation, Hellinger distance: <0.25%), with 35 fully invariant positions; while, 80 positions were conserved (>0.2% to <1% variation, Hellinger distance: <1%). The H12-H16-C40-C43 and D64-D116-E152 motifs were all well conserved. Some residues were affected by dramatic changes in their mutation distributions, especially between DN and IE samples (Hellinger distance ≥1%). In particular, 15 positions (D6, S24, V31, S39, L74, A91, S119, T122, T124, T125, V126, K160, N222, S230, C280) showed a significant decrease of mutation rate in IN and/or IE samples compared to DN samples. Conversely, 8 positions showed significantly higher mutation rate in samples from treated individuals (IN and/or IE) compared to DN. Some of these positions, such as E92, T97, G140, Y143, Q148 and N155, were already known to be associated with resistance to integrase inhibitors; other positions including S24, M154, V165 and D270 are not yet documented to be associated with resistance. Our study confirms the high conservation of HIV-1 integrase and identified highly invariant positions using robust and innovative methods. The role of novel mutations located in the critical region of HIV-1 integrase deserves further investigation.

Social Problems of Psychiatric Patients - A Field Study and a Social Vision in The Psychiatric Hospital in Erbil

This thesis attempts to study the social problems of psychiatric patients, which were diagnosed through a field study and a social vision in the Psychiatric Hospital in Erbil. Therefore, such studies are worthy of research, because they bring into existence the social problems that psychiatric patients suffer from, such as depression, isolation or social isolation, difficulty in social adjustment, emotional deprivation and other problems that prevent them from performing the social and functional roles entrusted to them, and not to make decisions related to his future, his family and his surroundings. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, data and information collection was resorted to using two approaches: the case study of psychiatric patients, each on the individual, and the social survey by means of a questionnaire. (53) forms were distributed For analysis of application research, we are using statistical instrument such as, The Arithmetic Mean, Weighted Mean Standard Deviation, Correlation superman, (T-TEAST) for one sample and for this purpose by reference to the (Statistical Package for Social Science) SPSS The study reached a number of important conclusions, that the attention and family care provided by the family to the mentally ill are almost weak due to the weakness and low social awareness of the families. and his health. And it is these beliefs that drive mental illness to resort to unscientific methods in the treatment or treatment of mental illness.

Using Correlation to Explore the Impact of Corona Virus Disease on Socioeconomics

In the 21stcentury, the tragedy of the pandemic shocks the world. This non-natural disaster is called COVID-19. Its dominant effect is also worrying about social and economic conflicts at local, national, and even international levels. The orientation of this research is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the socioeconomic aspects in Indonesia from 2020-2022. We set the research using official/secondary publications. Data analysis was interpreted in three formats: Pearson, Kendall’s, and Spearman’s correlations. It channelled empirical testing through Microsoft Excel and SPSS v.25. Social items include migration, mortality, domestic violence, and sexual harassment, while the nine economic items are per capita spending, well-being, unemployment, poverty, and labor productivity. Then, statistical instruments were reviewed based on the correlation coefficient and level of significance (5% for Pearson and 1% for Kendall’s and Spearman’s). The results are not much different between Pearson’s approach, Kendall’s and Spearman’s. In Pearson model, it proved a negative correlation when COVID-19 increases, so migration, unemployment, poverty, and labor productivity decrease. COVID-19 has had a positive impact on mortality, domestic violence, sexual harassment, per capita spending, and well-being. In Kendall’s and Spearman’s tests, poverty and labor productivity have actually increased because of COVID-19. Implementing semi-lockdown is a priority so that the social and macroeconomic constellations continue without ignoring the latent dangers of COVID-19. The limitations of the study are discussed in the future. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-012 Full Text: PDF

THE INFLUENCE OF SERVICE QUALITY DIMENSIONS ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN THE NIGERIAN BANKING INDUSTRY

The study explored the influence of service quality dimensions on customer satisfaction in the Nigerian banking industry. A collection of four hundred (400) customers of sixteen Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) quoted in the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) that operates in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria were given questionnaires for the study, out of which three hundred and sixty seven (367) were found fit in testing the formulated hypotheses. Data collected through questionnaires administration were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical instruments. Findings from the study show that service quality tangibility and reliability are statistically insignificant with customer satisfaction within the quoted DMBs in Nigeria. The study recommends that management of DMBs should enhance the appearance of staff, communication materials, physical facilities and equipment among others. Also, banks management and staff should provide adequate procedures to perform their promise service dependably and accurately.

Employee Emotions on Employee Performance: The Role of Human Character

This study strives to enhance employee performance by bridging the mediating role of the human character of the Emotional Employee. Employee emotional changes can be boosted by potential human character, which would have the ability to strengthen employee performance. Data has been collected from 227 employees across the profession, and this has been analyzed using structural equation modeling SEM-PLS. The findings of the SEM show that emotional employee have a positive direct effect on the human character. The data results using this quantitative method showed that employees' emotions had a direct positive impact on human character. Emotional wealth has a positive effect on employee performance. The human character holds proven to potentially bridge the inconsistency of employee emotional changes towards optimizing employee performance. From a methodological standpoint, the role of "static" human characters is paired with symmetrical and asymmetric statistical instruments to better comprehend contingencies and interactions in this study. This approach adds to the literature by examining how individual characters must be awakened through employees' emotions for them to perform well.

Revitalizing the Oddi Continuing Learning Inventory

The Oddi Continuing Learning Inventory (OCLI) is one of the most popular instruments for measuring self-directed learning (SDL). Although several previous studies have validated it, an exploratory application of confirmatory factor analysis had not been attempted; such an analysis provided new insights. Responses from 159 students from Aalborg University, a Problem-Based Learning institution known for its high degree of self-directed project work, were analyzed. This investigation examines all previously suggested factor structures against commonly applied measures and further develops the most promising, identifying a new three-factor structure reaching standard thresholds of model fit. The newly identified underlying dimensions of the OCLI—internal locus of control, the ability to be self-regulating, and avidity for learning—simplify the interpretation of the factors and help mitigate some of the instrument’s previous problems. This will serve to keep the OCLI relevant as an instrument for measuring self-directed learning in the future. We recommend further studies to revise the OCLI, rephrasing and reconceptualizing items that have aged poorly as well as investigating the pattern of the reverse-coded items. Lastly this paper suggests that other statistical instruments might be revitalized through the application of similar methods, taking advantage of the advances in computation and statistical analysis.

U-SHAPED RELATIONSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND INNOVATION AS DRIVERS OF INTERNATIONALISATION OF FIRMS

This article aims to identify and verify the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and innovation of internationalised firms from Poland as a former emerging market. The article assesses this relationship in terms of the internationalisation scope. We adopted a quantitative research design and conducted a CATI survey on a sample of 355 firms operating in Poland. To verify the various assumed relationships, we used statistical instruments, including descriptive statistics and simple linear regression. Entrepreneurial orientation influences the innovations of internationalized firms. The impact depends on the scope of internationalization and is U-shaped. The impact of entrepreneurial orientation on innovation is greater for firms with large and small scope of internationalization. A relatively lower impact of entrepreneurial orientation on innovation is visible for firms with a moderate scope of internationalization. The study is an original contribution to the literature. Firstly, we perceive entrepreneurial orientation as a variable that can determine corporate innovation. Secondly, most of the empirical research to date focuses on highly developed markets. Firms that go beyond the borders of emerging markets see internationalization as a way of gaining experience, learning, and an opportunity to improve their innovative capacity. Thirdly, the study contributes to the development of theories combining entrepreneurial orientation with innovation by applying a new concept of a U-shaped curve.

RELATIONSHIP CONNECTING CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT AND EXAMINATION SCORES IN MATHEMATICS IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA COLLEGES OF EDUCATION

Nigeria Colleges of Education have been conducting regular and steady internal assessments in order to determine the progress of learning and strengths of students achievement via continuous assessment. This study correlate the performance of internal assessment termed continuous assessment with the final assessment scores called semester examination in Mathematics courses in Colleges of Education in South-west, Nigeria. Ten public colleges of education in south-west, Nigeria comprising of four federal colleges of Education and six state Colleges of Education were randomly sampled for the study. The instruments were pilot tested and the reliability indices attained were r=0.87, r=0.91, r=0.92 and r=0.90 using Crombach Alpha statistical instrument. Researcher-designed questionnaire and the last three years results in Mathematics courses were the instruments that were employed for the collections of data. Three research questions and two hypotheses were formulated and guided the study. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between continuous assessment and final examination grade scores of students in mathematics based on gender. However, there was significant relationship between continuous assessment and final examination grade scores of students in mathematics based on institution ownership. Among others, it was recommended that high premium should be given to continuous assessments irrespective of students’ gender and institution ownership. Also, intensive seminar should be conducted for lecturers in Nigerian colleges of education on the relevance and impact of continuous assessment in determining students’ academic strengths and progress for making better decision.

Assessment of compliance level of road users to road traffic signs in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

Traffic signs as a traffic control device for traffic safety aims to regulate and control traffic by providing information about the road and its environment for road users. This study investigated an assessment of compliance level of road users to road traffic signs in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria. A total of ten (10) symbolic warning, (10) regulatory-prohibitory signs and ten (10) informative signs were investigated. Using a survey method, data were collected using questionnaires as the instrument. Employing Slovin’s formula, a sample of 100 was arrived at. Using simple random sampling technique, one hundred and twenty (120) questionnaires were administered to drivers (private and commercial), pedestrians, cart pusher within the various part of the city in Kaduna, 105 of the questionnaires were returned and 100 was selected as well completed and discarded the remaining 5. Statistical instrument and Microsoft excel data processing and charts. The analysis showed that there is a low level of awareness of traffic signs by road users represent 43% level of awareness. Age, Education and years of driving experience played prominent roles in drivers’ understanding of signs, however marital status and gender had no effect.

The Influence of Workload Factors, Work Stress and Health Personnel Competency on the Implementation of Hospital Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems (SMK3RS)

Background: Accident prevention in the workplace cannot be separated from the influence of behavior and application by health workers in its implementation which prioritizes the interests of patient safety. The behavior and abilities of health workers play an important role in the implementation of patient safety. Several factors that influence the behavior of nurses in implementing the Hospital Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3RS) are influenced by motivation, perceptions, attitudes, organizational culture, knowledge and experience. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze how the description influence and relationship between workload, work stress and implementation of Hospital Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3RS) at Lira Medika Hospital Karawang. Methods: The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with a total sample of 100 people. This type of research is descriptive verification research. The statistical instrument used is regression analysis using validity, reliability, normality tests. Results: An influence of workload, work stress and competence on the assessment of the implementation of Hospital Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3RS) by 19.05% because the rest is influenced by other variables or factors such as training, education level, motivation, leadership and others. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it appears that the workload parameters have no effect on the implementation of Hospital Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3RS) for Medical Service/Supporting Staff at Lira Medika Hospital. Meanwhile, the direct effect is work stress and work competence.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGUNGKAPAN ASET BIOLOGIS PADA PERUSAHAAN PERKEBUNAN DI INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA

The purpose of this research is to evaluate and assess the impact of biological asset intensity, company size, KAP type, and profitability on the disclosure of biological assets by plantation companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange and Malaysia Stockbiz between 2016 and 2018. The method used in this study is the method of documentation observation of the sample determined using purposive sampling method. The total samples of this study were 15 samples Indonesian plantation companies and 25 samples Malaysian plantation companies. Hypothesis testing is carried out by using multiple linear regression analysis techniques with the statistical test instrument by using SPSS 25. The results show that biological asset intensity and profitability have an effect on the disclosure of biological assets. Meanwhile, company size and type of KAP have no effect on the disclosure of biological assets in Indonesian plantation companies. Furthermore, in Malaysian plantation companies show that biological asset intensity affects the disclosure of biological assets. Meanwhile, company size, type of KAP and profitability have no effect on disclosure of biological assets.

COMPUTES: DEVELOPMENT OF AN INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS INSTRUCTORS’ EMPHASIS ON COMPUTATIONAL PRACTICES

&#x0D; The influx of data and the advances in computing have led to calls to update the introductory statistics curriculum to better meet the needs of the contemporary workforce. To this end, we developed the COMputational Practices in Undergraduate TEaching of Statistics (COMPUTES) instrument, which can be used to measure the extent to which computation practices—specifically data, simulation, and coding practices—are included in the introductory statistics curriculum. Data from 236 instructors were used in a psychometric analysis to evaluate the latent structure underlying instructors’ response patterns and understand the quality of the items. We also examined whether computational practices are being emphasized differently across institutional settings. Results suggest that the latent structure is best captured using a correlated multidimensional model and that most items were contributing information to the measurement process. Across institutional settings, curricular emphasis related to data and simulation practices seem quite similar, while emphasis on coding practices differs.&#x0D;

Impact of Audit Failures and Internal Control on Performance of Public Companies in Oman

The main objective of this research is to examine the relationship between audit failures’ and internal control over a company’s performance. The research uses method of a quantitative method via questionnaire 22 auditors usable data based on State Audit Institution in Oman. The hypotheses of the current research used its variables via using Smart-PLS statistical instruments. The findings indicated revealed that a positive and significant relationship between Internal control on Performance. As well as, the findings revealed that the audit failures have an insignificant influence on performance in public companies in Oman.

Contribution of Employee’s Job Satisfaction on Organization Performance: A Case Study of Mkombozi Bank, Dar es Salaam

In recent times, the issue of employee job satisfaction has been crucial for developing and achieving the aims and goals of organizations. This study examines contribution of employee’s job satisfaction on organization performance with particular reference to Mkombozi Bank in Dar es Salaam. Specifically, the study aimed to investigate the impact of talent development, to determine how reward influences employee job satisfaction and lastly the study examined how career promotion of employees affected Mkombozi Bank performance. Descriptive research study was carried out, the research used a sample size of 30 workers. The data for the study is largely obtained via semi-structured questionnaires. The study employed analytical descriptive statistical approaches for analyzing the relationship between the indicators of employees’ job satisfaction and organization performance. Inferential statistics, particularly correlation matrix and multi-regression were the statistical instruments employed for the study analysis. Findings of the study document a weak or no relationship between employee job satisfaction and organization performance. These findings might contravene by other background variables like age of employees, gender, experience, type of jobs, education, etc.) or measurement methods. Depending on the outcomes of this study, the management need to understand that, there is a connection between employee job satisfaction and organization performance. Even though the link has been found to be weak here, it was simply contravened by other variables and measurement methods employed. The management is advised to look at these findings as an eye opener for it to reflect and work on the employee job satisfaction factors in the efforts of improving organizational performance.

Impact of audit failures and internal control on performance of public companies in Oman

The main objective of this research is to examine the relationship between audit failures’ and internal control over a company’s performance. The research uses method of a quantitative method via questionnaire 22 auditors usable data based on State Audit Institution in Oman. The hypotheses of the current research used its variables via using Smart-PLS statistical instruments. The findings indicated revealed that a positive and significant relationship between Internal control on Performance. As well as, the findings revealed that the audit failures have an insignificant influence on performance in public companies in Oman.

Changes of Strategic Pricing Policy of Logistics Service Providers in Financial Macroeconomic Instability

This paper aims to examine the influence of macroeconomic instability on the microeconomic environment, especially on financial strategy after the application of strategic pricing policy by providers of logistics services and make recommendations for providers who use pricing as a marketing tool. Special attention is paid to enhancing their competitive position in times of economic crisis. The research is based on an analysis of the situation during the 2008–2009 economic crisis. It is hypothesized that the number of providers who applied a strategic pricing policy after its culmination in 2010 was higher than in 2008 (shortly before the onset of the crisis). The conclusions derived are then transferred to the period of the 2020 coronavirus economic recession under the assumption of the same analogical characteristics of both periods. The paper does not speculate – its purpose is to present a thorough and complex analysis of the situation by employing a wide range of statistical instruments, thereby attaining results of a very high level of statistical reliability. The study has the potential to be a valuable contribution to the literature in its respective field, especially during global anti-Covid measures, which makes the theme of strengthening competitive positions of logistics service providers very topical.

Corellation between mother's knowledge and husband's support for the success of the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)

HIGHLIGHTS 1. Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) is one of the natural contraception methods of postpartum women.2. Mothers' knowledge and husband's support for LAM contraceptive method was suggested to contribute to its success.3. Research and statistical instruments used found that the success of LAM contraceptive was related to mothers' knowledge, but not related to husband's support. ABSTRACTObjectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship between mother's knowledge and husband's support for the success of LAM contraception in Brengkok Village, Brondong District, Lamongan Regency, East Java.Materials and Methods: This study is an analytic observational study with a sample of 46 mothers who gave exclusive breastfeeding to their babies who met the inclusion criteria. The research instrument used a questionnaire to determine the level of mother's knowledge and husband's support about exclusive breastfeeding. Spearman Rank Correlation Test was used for data analysis with a significance level of 0.05.Results: More than 50% of respondents (25 respondents) successfully used the LAM method to prevent pregnancy. Statistical test showed that there was a relationship between mother's knowledge and success of LAM contraception with p value (0.000), with a correlation coefficient of 0.523. Meanwhile, husband's support is not related to the success of LAM contraception with p value (0.461) with a correlation coefficient of 0.111.Conclusion: Mother's knowledge is related to the success of LAM contraception, and there is no relationship between husband's support and the success of LAM contraception.

Psychiatric comorbidity in the Baltimore ECA follow-up study: the matrix approach.

Psychiatric comorbidity is defined as the joint occurrence of two or more mental or substance use disorders. Widespread psychiatric comorbidity has been reported in treatment and population-based studies. The aim of this study was to measure the extent and impact of psychiatric comorbidity in a cohort of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study. We examined the comorbidity burden of 16 mental disorders in a cohort of 847 participants using both established and novel analytical approaches The Comorbidity to Diagnosis Inflation Ratio (CDIR), is a statistical instrument that quantifies impact of pairwise comorbid associations, both on the whole sample, as well as on each specific disorder. Most anxiety disorders had substantial co-occurrence with each other, as well as with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). In addition, mood disorders had a high degree of comorbidity with Alcohol Dependence (AD). The CDIR for the whole sample was 1.32, indicating a ratio of 132 comorbidities per 100 diagnoses. The conditions with high sample prevalence were relatively less comorbid than the low prevalence conditions. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder had a comorbidity burden that was 89% greater than the overall sample. Anxiety disorders are highly interrelated, as well as highly comorbid with depression. The comorbidity phenomenon is linked to the differential prevalence of the analyzed conditions. Comorbidity frequency (most prevalent comorbid condition) appears mutually exclusive to comorbidity burden (most widely interrelated condition). While AD and MDD were the most frequently diagnosed disorders; low prevalence conditions as OCD and GAD were the most widely interrelated.

Statistical Techniques for Planning Internal Audit Engagements and Analytical Procedures Selection

The planning an audit engagement is the most important component that determines the effectiveness of internal audit services, both from the standpoint of improving the efficiency of the company and users of the results of the internal audit work. The use of statistical tools during the planning phase of the audit engagement can be considered as a component of a risk-based approach to internal audit. This research applies such statistical instruments as the normal distribution, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and regression analysis. The methodological support improvement of the internal audit process is one of the ways to perfect a guarantees quality and advice provided by the internal audit unit, as well as to minimize labor costs at the stage of planning an audit and determining the scope of the audit. There had being used such general methods of scientific knowledge as observation and comparison of data, analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction during the research course. The proposed risk-based methodology for defining the scope and objectives of internal audit engagements using statistical tools was developed in conformity with the International Framework for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing (Supplementary Guide “Planning an Audit Engagement: Defining Objectives and Scope”). The scope of analytical procedures formed in the process of planning the audit engagement allowed to cover the areas of the process that are most at risk of deviations. The practical significance of the study is considered by the possibility of applying the proposed methodology to define the audit assignment scope and its purpose, select the most effective analytical procedures, and minimize the labor costs of the working group. The developed methodology can be used for the work process organization in internal audit departments of business entities; some of its provisions can be applied in order to conduct a self-assessment of the effectiveness of the internal audit function. The use of statistical data analysis tools and publicly available information processing tools can improve the effectiveness of the internal audit function by the way of focusing on the most risky areas of the audited process. The developed methodological support is based on a risk-oriented approach.

Comparative inter-country analysis of assessment of the effectiveness of state housing policy: statistical instruments

The article provides a comparative analysis of assessment of the effectiveness of housing policies in Austria, Germany and Russia in the context of the adequate housing concept. In modern world management practice, there is no universal set of criteria for assessing the housing policy effectiveness, however, there are sets of indicators in the public information resources of these countries that can reflect such an assessment. The only problem is information asymmetry, in which each country forms its own set of estimated indicators, which leads to their incomparability. At that, the need for such data exists in connection with the need to update the current results of the housing policy implementation and the assessment of current trends in the housing sector development.&#x0D; Each country has its own mechanism for assessing the effectiveness of housing policy, based on its own set of parameters corresponding to the determined goals and directions of the housing sector development.&#x0D; Adequate housing as a criterion for assessing the effectiveness of the housing policy implementation allows a full demonstration of the effectiveness of measures implemented by the state in the housing sector.&#x0D; The concept of adequate housing, as an actual doctrine of the national development of the housing sector, allows for a comparative analysis of the housing policy of different countries by assessing and comparing the effects of its implementation.&#x0D; According to the study of housing policy in Austria, Germany and Russia, it was determined that the national model of housing policy evolves in the development of concepts, goals, implementation mechanism and depends both on the level of satisfaction of the need for housing, and on historical experience, traditions and socio-economic characteristics of management at this stage.