Statistical Variability Research Articles

Concerns regarding the proposal for an ecological equation of state: an assessment starting from the organic biophysics of ecosystems (OBEC).

The goal of testing the theoretical fruitfulness and empirical utility of the links between ecology and thermodynamics has been elusive. This could explain the breakdown of ecology into multiple branches, some of them intended to develop models in agreement with the principles of physics. The maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt) is one of the most frequently mentioned topics in this field. Within the MaxEnt framework, a quantitative relationship between various ecological parameters has recently been proposed as a seeming ecological equation of state (EESH; Harte et al. 2022. An equation of state unifies diversity, productivity, abundance and biomass. Commun. Biol. 5: 874). We analyze the EESH from the interdisciplinary perspective of Organic Biophysics of Ecosystems (OBEC). Consistent with this analysis, the EESH neglects the analytical similarity between key ecological variables and statistical mechanical variables, it does not include any intensive variable useful to determine the distance of ecological systems from equilibrium, it does not involve any constant useful to define the statistical range within which the system can be considered out of danger despite widespread effects of anthropogenic impact, and its general structure bears no resemblance to previous equations of state because it is based on a subjective approach devoid of physical content that is only useful as a tool for statistical inference. So, our conclusions are: (i) the EESH does not withstand comparison with prior knowledge and empirical evidence from both ecology and physics, and (ii) it cannot be considered an ecological equation of state.

Determination of the Frequency of Migraine Attacks in Pregnant Women and the Ways They Cope with Headaches: A Cross-Sectional Study.

One out of every five women of reproductive age suffers from migraine. Although headaches subside in most women during pregnancy, attacks continue and even worsen in some women. Pregnant women try to relieve pain with medication or non-pharmacological treatment methods. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the incidence of migraine attacks in pregnant women diagnosed with migraine and the ways they cope with headaches. The study included 191 pregnant women who were diagnosed with migraine in the pre-pregnancy period. McNemar analysis was performed to test the relationship between descriptive statistical methods and categorical variables when the data were analyzed. The mean gestational age of the participants was 28.31 ± 8.64 weeks, and their mean age at the onset of migraine was 20.74 ± 5.63 years. The comparison of the duration, frequency, and severity of headaches suffered before and during pregnancy demonstrated that there were statistical differences between them (p < 0.05). The frequency of using methods such as taking painkillers, resting in a dark room, and having cold application and massage to relieve headaches before pregnancy decreased statistically significantly during pregnancy (p < 0.05). As a result, the frequency and severity of migraines decrease during pregnancy. The tendency to resort to pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods used to relieve headaches decreases during pregnancy. Although migraine has many adverse effects on pregnancy, pregnant women do not demand satisfactory information from health professionals about migraine headaches during pregnancy.

The Geographical Pattern of Local Statistical Dispersion of Environmental Radon in Europe

The Geographical Pattern of Local Statistical Dispersion of Environmental Radon in Europe

Statistical heart rate variability analysis for healthy person: Influence of gender and body posture.

Short-term ECG-derived heart rate variability can assess autonomic function non-invasively. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of body posture and gender on parasympathetic-sympathetic balance by utilising electrocardiogram (ECG). A total of sixty participants including thirty males (95% CI: 23.34-26.32years old) and thirty females (95% CI: 23.33-26.07years old) voluntarily executed three sets of 5-min ECG recordings in supine, sitting and standing posture. A nonparametric Friedman test followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test was carried out to find the statistical differences between the group. A significant difference was observed for RR mean, low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), ratio LF/HF and the ratio long term variability to short term variability (SD2/SD1) for p<0.01 while respiration rate (Resp Rate), standard deviation of heart rate (STD_HR), long term variability (SD2), approximate entropy (ApEn), correlation dimension (CD) are non-significant (p>0.01) for supine, sitting and standing. HRV indices such as standard deviation of NN (SDNN), HRV triangular index (HRVi), and triangular interpolation of NN interval (TINN) are statistically not significant for males but there are significant differences for females at a significance level 1%. Relative reliability and relatedness were evaluated through the interclass coefficient (ICC) and spearman correlation coefficient. The experimental results advocate that there is a posture-specific difference in HRV indices while the correlational studies suggest no such significant differences.

On the statistical theory of self-gravitating collisionless dark matter flow

Dark matter, if it exists, accounts for five times as much as the ordinary baryonic matter. Compared to hydrodynamic turbulence, the flow of dark matter might possess the widest presence in our universe. This paper presents a statistical theory for the flow of dark matter that is compared with N-body simulations. By contrast to hydrodynamics of normal fluids, dark matter flow is self-gravitating, long-range, and collisionless with a scale-dependent flow behavior. The peculiar velocity field is of constant divergence nature on small scale and irrotational on large scale. The statistical measures, i.e., correlation, structure, dispersion, and spectrum functions, are modeled on both small and large scales, respectively. Kinematic relations between statistical measures are fully developed for incompressible, constant divergence, and irrotational flow. Incompressible and constant divergence flow share the same kinematic relations for even order correlations. The limiting correlation of velocity ρL=1/2 on the smallest scale (r = 0) is a unique feature of collisionless flow (ρL=1 for incompressible flow). On large scale, transverse velocity correlation has an exponential form T2∝e−r/r2 with a constant comoving scale r2=21.3 Mpc/h that may be related to the horizon size at matter–radiation equality. All other correlation, structure, dispersion, and spectrum functions for velocity, density, and potential fields are derived analytically from kinematic relations for irrotational flow. On small scale, longitudinal structure function follows one-fourth law of S2l∝r1/4. All other statistical measures can be obtained from kinematic relations for constant divergence flow. Vorticity is negatively correlated for scale r between 1 and 7 Mpc/h. Divergence is negatively correlated for r &amp;gt; 30 Mpc/h that leads to a negative density correlation.

Detection and Identification of Choking Under Pressure in College Tennis Based Upon Physiological Parameters, Performance Patterns, and Game Statistics

Choking under pressure, or underperformance in pressure situations, is a phenomenon feared by many athletes. Psychology research is heavily invested in studying the phenomenon; however, a universal structural approach to objectively analyze choking is yet to be established. The purpose of this work was to study relationships between choking in college tennis and selected physiological, performance, and game statistic variables in order to design a choking detection model. Choking was identified as a newly introduced variable called the choking moment. The introduced variables were measured with wearable sensors and observed from video recordings of college tennis matches. Swing speed and game statistic variables showed strong relationships to choking, and thus appear practical for the proposed choking detection model. Heartrate and footwork performance variables displayed weaker, but still some, patterns potentially related to choking, and thus could serve as supporting parameters for improvements of the choking detection mechanism. This study suggested unique techniques for identification and detection of choking in college tennis by introducing tennis specific variables, data collection framework, and data analysis procedures. The impact of this study is a contribution to the existing choking research by proposing an objective approach to analyze the subjective phenomenon of choking under pressure.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF TOP PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS OF INDIA

The aim of this article is to make a comparative study of sound financial efficiency of the top Indian Banks in selected five Public and five Private sector and how financial ratios are affecting their performance and for the period of five years. The various financial metrics are used for comparison. Statistical variables like average, Sd, Min, Max and t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances used. The study concluded that Private Sector Banks performed better than the Public Sector Banks in all the financial metrics. In nutshell, from the two-sample independent t-test the ROCE (%), CASA (%), Net Profit Margin (%), ROA (%) Accepted H1 because there is a major difference between two banking sectors, with a p-value is less than 5%. For Cost to Income (%), and Interest Expenses/Total Assets (%) Accepted H0 because the p-value is higher than 5%.

Amplitude-frequency characteristics of the "structure–pile foundation" layered model

Taking into account the interaction between a structure and the soil bed during an earthquake is a vital task of the seismic resistance theory. Despite a large amount of research, there is no satisfactory solution of this problem at the time being. The "platform model" applied in engineering practice can be used only for homogeneous soil beds. However, the surface stratum of soil, as a rule, has a multilayer structure, in which each individual layer has its own physical and mechanical characteristics determining the resonant properties of the entire system. The standard methods of analysis do not take into consideration the heterogeneity and layered nature of a soil bed using the averaged stiffness characteristics, which does not allow evaluating the specific features of resonance processes during the joint oscillation of a building and its soil bed. In addition, the dynamic characteristics of soils have a rather high statistical variability even within the same layer, and this can significantly affect the distribution pattern of the resonant frequencies of the system.&#x0D; The present article is aimed at investigating the dynamic response of the “building – multilayer soil bed” system based on the analytical model of a horizontal layered medium.&#x0D; The following tasks were solved:&#x0D; – an analysis of a layered system under the action of a complex sinusoidal signal was carried out with regard to damping;&#x0D; – the amplitude-frequency characteristics were constructed both for individual layers and for the system as a whole;&#x0D; – the influence of the statistical variability of the velocity of transverse seismic waves propagation on the resonant frequencies of the layered system under consideration was assessed.&#x0D; The analytical methods for the solution of the wave problem of seismology were used.

#5990 COMPLEMENT GENES PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH SEVERE HYPERTENSION AND RENAL THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHY

Abstract Background and Aims Hereditary or acquired complement system dysregulation found to be driving cause of endothelial damage in atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) – ultrarare life-threatening disease, that always manifests with renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), resulting in poor outcome in absence of appropriate treatment. Nevertheless, several studies show high incidence of rare genetic variants of complement system in other TMA’s, including hypertension-induced TMA. Here we report results of complement genes screening in patients (pts) with histologically identified renal TMA and severe hypertension in Russia, at first diagnosed as hypertension-induced TMA. Method A total of 28 Caucasian pts diagnosed with renal TMA (confirmed by kidney biopsy in all cases) and severe hypertension enrolled in the study. The main characteristic of the clinical picture was the absence of microangiopathic hemolysis and thrombocytopenia in prevailing of the pts, thus most of the primary and secondary causes of TMA clinically excluded. Examination of DNA samples was performed in all pts using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. For statistical analysis continuous variables were presented as Mean (±Standart deviation) or Median (interquartile range) as appropriate. Results Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of group are listed in Table 1. 13 pts (46%) had malignant form of hypertension (MHT) confirmed by eye examination. Mean systolic arterial pressure (SAP) observed at the time of presentation was 210±29 mmHg, mean diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) was 122±19 mmHg. Kidney morphology revealed chronic TMA lesions in 12 pts (43%), acute and chronic alterations simultaneously detected in 13 pts (46%). Predominantly acute lesions with glomerular and extraglomerular thrombi found in 3 (11%) pts only. Complement genes abnormalities revealed in 7 (25%) out of 28 pts. Complement factor I (CFI) rare variants were found in 2 pts (CFI c. 772&amp;lt;A, CFI c.1217G&amp;gt;A), one of this pts also had additional variant in complement factor H related protein 4 (CFHR4 c.766G&amp;gt;A). Complement factor C3 rare variant was observed in 1 pt (C3 c.2203C&amp;gt;T), membrane cofactor protein (MCP or CD46) rare variant in 1 pt (CD46 c. 198A&amp;gt;T), complement factor H related protein 5 (CFHR5) variant detected in 1 pt (CFHR5 c.136C&amp;gt;T), homozygous deletion of CFHR1 and CFHR3 detected in 1 pt and heterozygous deletion of the same complement factor H related protein genes found in another pt. Conclusion A quarter of pts with TMA and severe hypertension may have genetic defects in the complement system. These results confirmed that complement-mediated HUS may be misdiagnosed as hypertension-induced TMA. Lack of convincing hematological signs of TMA is common in this group, making aHUS diagnosis more sophisticated.

Stable isotopic composition of fog and rainfall in a Macaronesian cloud forest

Stable isotopes of water are commonly used to investigate the role of fog in cloud forests. This first requires the characterization of the isotopic signatures of both fog and local rainfall. The isotopic composition of rain and fog water and their variability were analysed for a Macaronesian cloud forest in Tenerife, Canary Islands, from samples collected over 5 years within the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) project. The results showed little differences in the isotopic signature of fog and rain with the former being slightly higher with respect to the latter (differences in absolute value of 1‰ in δ18O, 7‰ in δ2H and 0.7‰ in d-excess, on average) and with a similar statistical variability. Their meteoric lines, LMWL (local meteoric water line for precipitation): δ2H = 6.56 δ18O + 11.56 and FWL (fog water line): δ2H = 5.57 δ18O + 9.98, which are very close to each other and above the GMWL (Global Meteoric Water Line), reveals that rain and fog may originate from water evaporated from the same water sources and under moisture conditions typical of semi-arid regions. Different slopes and interception in LMWL and FWL point to seasonal processes affect fog and rain differently, i.e. summer evaporation of small fog droplets and autumn-winter rainfalls isotopically depleted from frontal or low-pressure systems that are decoupled from fog formation processes. Both isotopic signatures showed low correlation with temperature and total rainfall (R2 <0.3 in all cases). However, the high anticorrelation observed (R2 values >0.6) between the isotopic composition of rain and fog with rainfall totals with values between 100 and 150 mm for both fog and rain, associated with a well-defined synoptic rainfall pattern affecting the Canary Islands, supports the hypothesis that the “amount effect” is related to the moisture source region and transport patterns. Annual variability of the isotopic signatures showed a marked pattern, typical of these latitudes, with enriched values in summer and more depleted in winter for both rainfall and fog. The high amplitude observed in the seasonal pattern of d-excess for both rain and fog, point to the Mediterranean Sea as a potential source of moisture in the winter months or to a mixing process when the moist air mass trajectories pass over North Africa. Despite the similarities observed in these seasonal patterns, some anomalies were found in the summer d-excess, indicating the participation of some local processes to which d-excess is sensitive, such as sub-cloud evaporation or moisture recycling.

Z-Delphi: A Z-Number-Based Delphi Technique for Technological Forecasting to Reduce Optimism/Pessimism Bias in Experts’ Convergent Opinions

The Delphi technique is an indispensable instrument for technology forecasting. The method is, however, limited by ambiguity aversion, uncertainty, and statistical optimism/pessimism bias. To address the aforementioned limitations, we have proposed a fuzzy Delphi technique based on Z-numbers in this paper, as Z-numbers offer an effective framework to simulate human thinking. We generated basic probability assignments (BPAs) from the experts’ responses, considered statistical dispersion using Grey Clustering, and then developed Z-numbers. The proposed method is flexible and can be applied to forecast technological aspects based on subjective judgments. We consulted with 11 experts to forecast water-saving technology for dairy plants. Entropy was used to compare the proposed method to other fuzzy Delphi approaches. Compared to other fuzzy Delphi methods, we discovered that the proposed approach registers the lowest uncertainty. The proposed study suggests that fuzzy Delphi with reduced uncertainty can be highly impactful in critical fields like sustainable production. In the end, we have discussed the future research directions of the proposed study.

VHCF ultrasonic tests on EN AW‐6082 aluminum alloy samples over a wide dimensional range

AbstractIn the present paper, a very high cycle fatigue test campaign carried out with an ultrasonic testing machine up to 1010 cycles is presented. The aluminum alloy hourglass and dog‐bone samples have dimensions spanning over a very wide range, with the diameter in the middle cross‐section comprised between 3 and 30 mm. From the experimental results, the influence of structural size can be clearly detected, and it is possible to observe a transition between small scales, where the size effect is more pronounced, and larger scales, where the size effect is vanishing. This phenomenon can be explained in an effective way by adopting a multifractal formalism, which is equipped with the probabilistic treatment of the statistical dispersion of experimental data.

Predictive Choropleth Maps Using ARIMA Time Series Forecasting for Crime Rates in Visegrád Group Countries

Geographical mapping has revolutionized data analysis with the help of analytical tools in the fields of social and economic studies, whereby representing statistical research variables of interest as geographic characteristics presents visual insights. This study employed the QGIS mapping tool to create predicted choropleth maps of Visegrád Group countries based on crime rate. The forecast of the crime rate was generated by time series analysis using the ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving averages) model in SPSS. The literature suggests that many variables influence crime rates, including unemployment. There is always a need for the integration of widespread data insights into unified analyses and/or platforms. For that reason, we have taken the unemployment rate as a predictor series to predict the future rates of crime in a comparative setting. This study can be extended to several other predictors, broadening the scope of the findings. Predictive data-based choropleth maps contribute to informed decision making and proactive resource allocation in public safety and security administration, including police patrol operations. This study addresses how effectively we can utilize raw crime rate statistics in time series forecasting. Moreover, a visual assessment of safety and security situations using ARIMA models in SPSS based on predictor time-series data was performed, resulting in predictive crime mapping.

Methodological concerns about “concordance-statistic for benefit” as a measure of discrimination in predicting treatment benefit

Prediction algorithms that quantify the expected benefit of a given treatment conditional on patient characteristics can critically inform medical decisions. Quantifying the performance of treatment benefit prediction algorithms is an active area of research. A recently proposed metric, the concordance statistic for benefit (cfb), evaluates the discriminative ability of a treatment benefit predictor by directly extending the concept of the concordance statistic from a risk model with a binary outcome to a model for treatment benefit. In this work, we scrutinize cfb on multiple fronts. Through numerical examples and theoretical developments, we show that cfb is not a proper scoring rule. We also show that it is sensitive to the unestimable correlation between counterfactual outcomes and to the definition of matched pairs. We argue that measures of statistical dispersion applied to predicted benefits do not suffer from these issues and can be an alternative metric for the discriminatory performance of treatment benefit predictors.

Таксационная структура насаждений сосны брутийской (Pinus brutia Ten.) в Сирии в зависимости от орографических условий

Artificial plantations of Brutia pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) in the conditions of two regions of Syria – the provinces of Latakia and Tartus – grow at different heights above sea level. At the research objects, accounting sites of a constant radius of 400 square meter were laid, arranged over an area in such a way as to cover the statistical variability of the studied taxation indicators. The distribution rows of tree trunks at a height of 1.3 m were ranked after 5 cm with the analysis of the indicators of symmetry and kurtosis of rank rows. The taxation indicators of the heights and diameters of the trunks of the trees of the Brutia pine (P. brutia Ten.) in its plantations have a direct correlation of varying strength with both the height of the site above sea level and the amount of precipitation. The indicator of the planting stock has the greatest direct correlation from the height of the plot above sea level and the amount of precipitation, in comparison with the indicator of the average diameter of the stands of the Brutia pine (P. brutia Ten.). The rank structure of the diameters of the trunks of the Brutia pine (P. brutia Ten.) has its own fundamental differences associated with the placement of growing areas above sea level. With an increase in the height above sea level of the plantation area, the number of trees with larger trunks in the plantation increases. An analysis of the asymmetry and excesses of the distribution series of diameters of trunks of the Brutia pine (P. brutia Ten.) revealed that a decrease in the competitive load in plantations of this species is associated with an increase in altitude above sea level. The most optimal conditions for the growth of the Brutia pine (P. brutia Ten.) are on the highest site relative to sea level. The limiting factor in these conditions of growth on infertile soils will be the moisture availability of the site.

CyberKnife Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Growing Vestibular Schwannoma: Longitudinal Tumor Control, Hearing Outcomes, and Predicting Post-Treatment Hearing Status.

(1) To determine tumor control rates for treating growing vestibular schwannoma (VS) with CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery (CK SRS); (2) to determine hearing outcomes after CK SRS; (3) to propose a set of variables that could be used to predict hearing outcomes for patients receiving CK SRS for VS. Retrospective case series review. 127 patients who received CK SRS for radiographically documented growing VS were reviewed. Tumors were monitored for post-procedure growth radiographically with linear measurements and three-dimensional segmental volumetric analysis (3D-SVA). Hearing outcomes were reviewed for 109 patients. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to identify variables correlated with hearing outcomes. Tumor control rate was 94.5% for treating VS with CK SRS. Hearing outcomes were categorized using the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) classification system. As of their last available audiogram, 33.3% of patients with pre-treatment class A and 26.9% of patients with class B retained their hearing in that class. 15.3% of patients starting with class A or B with extended follow-up (>60 months), maintained hearing within this same grouping. Our final model proposed to predict hearing outcomes included age, fundal cap distance (FCD), tumor volume, and maximum radiation dose to the cochlea; however, FCD was the only statistically significant variable. CK SRS is an effective treatment for control of VS. Hearing preservation by class was achieved in a third of patients. Finally, FCD was found to be protective against hearing loss. 4 Laryngoscope, 134:S1-S12, 2024.

Closing Data Gaps and Paving the Way for Pan-European Fire Safety Efforts: Part I—Overview of Current Practices for Fire Statistics

The analysis of the current state of fire statistics and data collection in Europe and other countries is needed to increase awareness of how fire incidents affect buildings and to support pan-European fire prevention and fire mitigation measures. The terminology and data collected regarding fire incidents in buildings in the EU Member States were mapped to obtain meaningful datasets to determine common terminology, collection methodology, and data interpretation system. An extensive literature review showed that fire data collection systems have been instrumental in informing firefighting strategies, evidence-based planning, prevention, and educational programmes. Differences and similarities between fire data collection systems were also investigated. The amount and quality of the information in fire statistical recording systems appear to be influenced by the complexity and structure with which the data are collected. The analysis also examined the existing fire statistics in the EU Member States and a few other countries. Finally, a detailed investigation of the number of fires, fire deaths, and injuries from 2009 to 2018 in several countries was examined based on data from a report by CTIF. The trends showed differences attributable to the existing fire statistical practices in terms of terminology and data collection, and interpretation. Part II proposes a common terminology for selected fire statistical variables. The results provide relevant information regarding fire safety at the European level and should be used to guide the development of more uniform fire statistics across Europe.

Evaluation of Crack Development Through a Bituminous Interface Reinforced With Geosynthetic Materials by Using a Novel Approach

Using interlayers made of geosynthetic materials has proved its effectiveness with respect to postponing the appearance of reflective cracking on the surface. In this regard, in a reinforced bituminous interface, the crack first propagates from its origin upward until it reaches the interlayer. When the interlayer has higher stiffness than its surrounding bituminous material, the crack path diverts horizontally along the interlayer plane until the whole energy of the crack dissipates. Nevertheless, this mechanical improvement needs to be further studied to quantify the reinforcement effects of geosynthetic materials in mechanistic-based design of reinforced sections. This study aimed to develop a laboratory test method that not only is able to illuminate the crack resistance effect of geosynthetics but is also able to differentiate the load–displacement curves among different types of reinforced bituminous interfaces. The results led to the advent of a new test device called the crack widening device in which reproducibility and statistical variability of the outcomes were all within the acceptable range. On this ground, using paving fabric showed superior performance among others with respect to energy dissipation capability and retarding the loss in the stiffness modulus during the crack propagation stage compared with the corresponding unreinforced cases. On the other hand, using the reinforcement grids led to a higher initial stiffness of the reinforced structure, especially when embedded between coarse hot mixtures.

Impact of Market Coverage Strategy with reference to Lulu Hypermarket Muscat

recent competitive scenario, it is important to determine the factor affecting marketing strategy. Especially in retail industry there is a tough competition not only from tradition retailers but e-tailors too. It is necessary for every retailer to assess the impact of current market coverage strategy and ways for achieving an effective market coverage strategy implementation. The specific objectives in research is to “identify the variables for effective market coverage strategy”, “assess the impact of the current market coverage strategy by the lulu hypermarket in Oman” and “Suggest the methods for implementing effective elements for market coverage strategy”. The type is research is both quantitative and qualitative with a mixture of numerical analysis and statistical variables. With questions being distributed as questionnaires to 70 customers and 2 employees with some demographic variables to better segment the market perception based on them. The main focus of our study is on the Muscat region of the sultanate, with convenient sampling being used.

Modelling climate analogue regions for a central European city

In this study, we describe a methodology to derive climate analogue cities for spatially highly resolved future climate scenarios. For the computation, a reduced and in hindsight bias-adjusted EURO-CORDEX EUR-11 dataset is used based on two climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). A total of 389 European cities are processed by the algorithm, which uses five statistical climate variables (2-m air temperature average and amplitude, precipitation sum and amplitude, correlation between 2-m air temperature average and precipitation sum). Additionally, extreme weather events (hot days, summer days, tropical nights, extreme precipitation events) are calculated for further comparison and validation. Finding an appropriate analogue permits a more accurate derivation and depiction of necessary climate adaptation efforts and therefore assist decision-making in city planning. As an example of our method, we searched for plausible climate twins for the mid-sized city of Aachen (Germany) at the end of the twenty-first century. Our results show that the French city of Dijon is highly likely to become Aachen’s climate twin by the end of the century for RCP4.5. As for the scenario RCP8.5, no clear European analogue city could be determined, indicating that the city might enter a novel climate. The nearest match suggests the cities of Florence and Prato in Tuscany. However, considering climate indices, the encompassing region of the French–Spanish city triangle Bordeaux–Toulouse–Bilbao is a better fit. The developed algorithm can be applied to any of the cities included in the dataset.