Descriptive Study Research Articles

The impact of diet and physical activity on the management of Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children

Nutritionists suggest that people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) should engage in physical activity in conjunction with healthy diet habits. This study was designed to determine the effect of diet and physical activity on the course of T1DM in children aged 8 to 15 years. Young T1DM patients were enrolled in this quasi-experimental descriptive study at the Sebdou and Maghnia hospitals (wilaya of Tlemcen – north-west Algeria), from December 2018 to March 2019. The study was based on a questionnaire and the prescription of dietary measures and physical exercises. Anthropometric (BMI) and biological parameters (glycaemia, HbA1c) were measured at baseline and at three months of follow up. Comparison tests were performed using statistical software at a significance level of p < 0.05. Thirty T1DM patients were recruited. The sex-ratio was 0.76 and the average age 12.83 ± 1.98 years. BMI, which was 22.36 ± 5.16 kg/m2 at baseline, was improved to 21.72 ± 3.71 kg/m2 after experimentation. Glycated hemoglobin and glycaemia levels also decreased from 9.02 ± 0.80 % and 1.51 ± 1.007 g/L, respectively, at baseline to 7.72 ± 1.01 % and 1.57 ± 0.41 g/L, respectively, at the end of the experimentation. Drug treatment combined with a healthy lifestyle and regular monitoring of biological parameters; improve the quality of life of diabetic children.

Learning and Giving Compassionate Care to Patients: Perspectives of the ICU Nurses.

Compassion forms the basis for nursing practice and is an essential component of patient-centered care. It is vital, essential and of great significance to relieve patient's suffering and have a positive impact on the quality of care provided by a nurse. In the context of Tanzania, knowledge on learning and giving compassionate nursing care to patients remained unresearched. To explore nurse's perspectives on how they learn and give compassionate nursing care to patients in ICUs in Tanzania. A qualitative descriptive study design using in-depth interviews was conducted amongst eleven (11) ICU nurses of two hospitals in Dodoma region. Audio-recording and notetaking were used to collect data. Data from the audio records were transcribed verbatim and subjected to inductive thematic analysis using manifest codding approach with a semantic focus. We report this paper according to COREQ checklist. Three themes emerged from data that summarised the nurses' perspectives on learning and giving compassionate care to patients in ICUs. These themes included (i) Sources and learning of compassionate nursing care (ii) Practicing compassionate nursing care and (iii) impact of compassionate nursing care. Overall, nurses in this setting expressed compassion to as a combination of empathy, ethical view, duty to care and readiness to go extra mile to address patients needs defined their unique view of compassion. Emphasis of compassionate nursing care in formal training curricula, role modelling on compassion in clinical settings and motivation of nurses in critical care settings may facilitate provision of compassionate nursing care amongst patients in ICUs. The findings of the present study underscore the nurse's perspectives on compassionate nursing care and what motivates and prevents them to provide compassionate care to patients. No Patient or Public Contribution.

Tabletop Simulations in Medical Emergencies: A Scoping Review.

Tabletop simulations (TTS) are a novel educational modality used in health care education. The objective of this scoping review was to describe the use of TTS in medical emergencies, specifically settings, specialties, participants, formats, and outcomes.We included 70 studies (33 descriptive studies [47%], 33 cohort studies [47%], and 2 randomized controlled trials [3%]), of which 65 reported positive results regarding reaction and learning educational outcomes (reaction: n = 37, 53%; learning: n = 25, 36%; behavior: n = 7, 10%; result: n = 1, 1%). The scenario for most TTS was a disaster (n = 56; 80%). Most TTS involved participants from several professions (n = 45; 64%). A board game was used in 26 studies (37%).Most studies on TTS in medical emergencies involved participants from multiple professions addressing disaster scenarios and showed positive results pertaining to reaction or learning educational outcomes.

Obstacles of Patient Education in Medical Imaging; Radiographers’ Perspective in West of Iran in 2021

Background: Teaching patients is one of the essential duties of radiographers. Proper implementation of patient education leads to improved efficiency of medical imaging processes, faster patient recovery, reduced costs and anxiety, and ultimately, greater patient satisfaction. Understanding barriers to patient education is crucial for managing these factors effectively. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 548 radiographers employed in hospitals in western Iran. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling method and provided informed consent to identify barriers to patient education in medical imaging from the radiographers' perspective. Data were collected using an online questionnaire addressing obstacles to patient education, which had confirmed validity and reliability (ɑ = 0.78). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Among the participants, 77.2% held a bachelor's degree. The most significant barriers to patient education in medical imaging from the radiographers' perspective included a large number of patients (56.4%), lack of time (48.9%), insufficient hospital facilities (42.9%), shortage of manpower (41.8%), unfavorable physical and mental condition of patients (40.7%), and lack of responsibility among radiographers (33%). Conclusions: The barriers to patient education can be addressed by reducing radiographers' workload, enhancing their training skills, and equipping medical imaging centers with patient education facilities. Implementing these measures would improve the efficiency of imaging centers and promote better patient outcomes.

Initial participant perspectives about participating in an online, semi-supervised, cirrhosis-specific nutrition and exercise intervention.

In chronic diseases, there have been issues with low levels of participant adherence and retention during well-supported lifestyle behaviour change interventional studies. Theoretically informed, the objective was to explore the types of challenges participants are experiencing to inform future designs. We conducted an exploratory descriptive study in an adult cirrhosis population after the first 4-6 weeks of a 12-week semi-supervised nutrition and exercise online program. Participants in the parent feasibility study, assessing the nutrition and exercise intervention (Heal-Me), were eligible for this nested study. Heal-Me is a multimodal program that is tailorable to a participant's abilities through regular interaction with the study's registered dietician and exercise specialist. Interviews (~60 min) with participants were recorded then analysed descriptively, guided by the capability, opportunity and motivational behaviour change model. The 20 participants preferred the expert-led group online nutrition and exercise classes over independent activities such as protein tracking and the exercise videos. Social gamification (e.g., weekly polls on favourite things like movies or sports teams) contributed to the group experience. All except one person required program tailoring to address preferences, abilities and new onset health events. Findings led to the inclusion of 4 behaviour change techniques to the initial 17, whereas 2 others were expanded. While program tailoring, awareness of cirrhosis nutrition and regular interactions with staff influenced participant retention and adherence in the first 4-6 weeks of the online program.

Tracking outcomes of activity-based therapy after spinal cord injury: a qualitative study of current practice in Canada

Purpose Activity-based therapy (ABT) promotes neuromuscular activation below the injury level in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). This qualitative descriptive study explored the experiences and perceptions of Canadian clinicians and clinic administrators regarding assessment practices in community-based ABT programs. Methods Twelve participants from six community clinics, in four provinces, completed individual interviews that followed a semi-structured guide informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework. These interviews explored current ABT assessment practices, needs, benefits and challenges. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Using interpretive description, and guided by the DEPICT model, data were collaboratively analyzed to identify an overarching theme and categories. Results One overarching theme was identified: ABT is a developing field that lacks standardized guidelines for assessment practices. Four categories were identified within this theme: factors influencing clinician’s decisions about ABT assessment practice, challenges with current ABT assessment practice, advantages of current assessment practice, and progression of assessment for ABT programs. Participants would like standardized assessment tools and improved awareness of and access to assessments for ABT programs. Conclusions Canadian community-based ABT clinics lack standardized assessment practices. Leadership and collaboration are needed to develop and implement assessment guidelines to support research and advocacy for ABT after SCI.

The Effectiveness of Operational Residual Risk Assessment: The Case of General Aviation Organizations in Enhancing Flight Safety in Alignment with Sustainability

Operational risk management (ORM) is crucial for every aviation organization. The assessment of operational risk (OR) is a critical area of study, as organizations must continuously evaluate and mitigate potential risks to maintain high levels of performance and safety. The motivation for writing this paper was to address the cognitive gap identified through literature analysis. The aim of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of operational residual risk assessment in general aviation (GA) organizations, with a specific focus on its role within the decision-making process to enhance flight safety in line with sustainability. By addressing a cognitive gap identified in the literature, this study seeks to determine whether current risk management practices adequately assess and mitigate residual risks, especially in organizations where operational risk is inherently high. Based on a literature review, the authors present adopted concepts of ORM and OR. The survey methodology involved a questionnaire on OR assessment, consisting of 32 questions completed by respondents twice—before and after 63 series of flights. The survey was carried out across two groups with significantly varying levels of flying experience (students and instructor pilots), with a particular focus on the influence of human factors. The conclusions are based on a comparative analysis of the difference in the results obtained after and before the series of flights in both surveyed groups. The survey was conducted in three selected general aviation organizations in Poland using nonprobability convenience sampling. The results demonstrate an overall significant underestimation of OR in both student and instructor groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that operational risk assessment in the selected organizations was not sufficiently effective. Additionally, it was shown that staff experience affected the effectiveness of OR assessment. Moreover, this study identified specific aspects of operational risk that were most underestimated. By addressing the cognitive gap, this study enhances both the theoretical and practical understanding of residual risk management, particularly in relation to safety and efficient resource use in aviation. It also offers the Operational Residual Risk Underestimation Index (ORRUI) as an actionable parameter developed to quantify and standardize the level of underestimation of operational residual risks in civil aviation.

"Graduates' Perspectives on AI Integration

This study aims to explore artificial intelligence's (AI) significance for graduating students and its impact on their future skills. Through a survey of Bachelor's and master’s students across diverse departments in Saudi Arabian public and private universities, we gathered 465 responses from 500 questionnaires distributed in various regions. Employing a 5-point Likert scale, the survey covered nine dimensions, including AI's influence on future skills, its integration into education, student preparedness, real-world exposure, exploration, ethical considerations, global perspectives, curricular adaptation, and communication and collaboration. To evaluate the research aim, we employed a one-sample t-test and correlation coefficients across different dimensions. This paper contributes by extensively examining the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on graduating students in Saudi Arabia. Through a robust survey methodology, it elucidates students' perceptions of AI's impact on their future skills and education. The findings accentuate the positive attitude towards AI, recognizing its potential to enhance problem-solving, critical thinking, and adaptability. Moreover, it highlights the importance of integrating AI into education to prepare students for evolving career opportunities in a technologically advanced society. Furthermore, they believe that AI can provide them with opportunities to gain real-world experience and exposure to AI-driven industries, which can enhance their learning and future career prospects. Students express a strong interest in exploring AI-related projects and activities to build their future skills, particularly in data analysis and interpretation, which are in high demand in the job market.

Assessment of Administrative Services in State Mental Health Hospitals Among Muslim Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Descriptive Study

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) leads mental health research in the Arabic world, addressing challenges for Muslim patients seeking treatment at hospitals. This study aims to evaluate the quality of administrative services at public mental health hospitals, as perceived by Muslim recipients in the KSA. This descriptive quantitative study used a self-reported questionnaire to collect data from 200 public mental health service recipients in the KSA from 4 January 2022 to 4 March 2022. More than 95% of participants were optimistic about the entry process procedures. Approximately 88% of the participants accepted the policies for booking an appointment with a doctor. The study’s findings highlight the need to streamline and improve the communication of administrative procedures to provide recipients with optimal clarity and convenience. By addressing the moderately reported issues with policy transparency related to visit cancellations, referrals, and treatment completion, patient satisfaction and compliance could be improved, leading to a more efficient and patient-centred healthcare experience. These findings underscore the importance of streamlining administrative procedures to enhance clarity and convenience for Muslim patients, ultimately contributing to a more patient-centred healthcare experience in mental health hospitals in the KSA.

University Students’ Self-Image and Body Weight Gain During COVID-19: A Descriptive Study

This study identified college students’ weight gain and body image during COVID-19. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, with data collection occurring from January to May 2023, using an electronic form distributed via social networks or email. Students (+18 years) participated in the study and answered a semi-structured questionnaire, containing questions related to sociodemographic aspects, clinical aspects, and the silhouette scale. A comparison of several events and clinical conditions was made between the period before and during COVID-19. In total, 52 responses were given (86.3% female; 41.3% Black people). In total, 60% were diagnosed with obesity, and 20% were diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus. Pain related to muscular and joint structures (34.3%) and anxiety (60%) were reported to have been concerns before COVID-19. During COVID-19, this scenario was maintained, in addition to symptoms related to fatigue/tiredness (52.3%) and body weight gain (61.4%). The existence of an active social life (54.3%) and the regular practice of physical activity (65.2%) were reported as occurring only before COVID-19.

“To Be or Not to Be” a Conscientious Objector to Voluntary Abortion: An Italian Web-Survey of Healthcare Workers

Background and Objectives: Conscientious objection to voluntary abortion remains a hot debate topic. This could affect the accessibility to pregnancy termination. Our aim is to evaluate the possible aspects related to an operators’ choice about objection for voluntary abortion, such as the following: the abolition of the time limit, the instruction of a multi-collegiate commission, the introduction of pharmacological rather than surgical procedures, the fetal/maternal illness and the case of sexual violence. Materials and Methods: This is an observational, descriptive study that involves a cohort of Italian healthcare workers who answered a web-survey. Results: Of the total 352 respondents, only 20.8% affirmed to be objectors versus 79.2% of non-objectors. For the objectors, 72.2% declared that they would not change status in case of pharmacological abortion; 79.7% would not suspend their choice for interruption in the second trimester; 63.3% would suspend the objection with a multi-collegiate commission, and 69.0% would discontinue their objection in the case of sexual violence. 72.0% of the total participants declared that the abolition of the time limit could have a resecuring impact on women’s choice. Conclusions: Most operators declared that the abolition of the time limit could have beneficial effects. Among the objectors, the status would change especially with the introduction of a multi-collegiate commission, and in case of serious maternal/fetal illness and/or sexual violence.

Effectiveness of AV-Aids in Teaching and Learning Purpose: A Tool for Better Student Engagement

Educators are exploring innovative methods to enhance teaching and learning outcomes by integrating audio-visual aids. These tools have revolutionized information delivery and can improve the learning process by captivating students through visual and auditory stimulation. The research investigated the effects of audio-visual aids on the academic performance of students in Faisalabad, with a focus on their efficacy in influencing student motivation and satisfaction. The objectives for the current study include:1. To explore the effectiveness of audio-visual aids in the teaching and learning process.2. To explore the impact of audio-visual aids on the motivation/satisfaction of the students. A descriptive study was carried out using a custom questionnaire, involving a sample of 220 students. Furthermore, the research highlighted a moderate impact of audio-visual aids on student performance and motivation.

Evaluating the impact of financial worry on mental health: a cross-sectional study among Kenyan radiographers

BackgroundPsychological distress is a major public health concern that has many influencing factors. One of them is the financial capability of an individual. Despite the integral role of radiographers in healthcare delivery, there is limited literature about radiographers in Kenya and more so regarding their mental well-being. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the effect of perceived financial worry on mental health among Kenyan radiographers.MethodsData was collected from registered radiographers in Kenya through an online survey conducted between December 2023 and January 2024. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between financial worry and psychological distress.ResultsOut of the 2055 radiographers invited to participate in the survey, 245 responded (11.92% response rate). The gender distribution of the respondents was 39.2% female and 60.8% male, closely mirroring the latest data on registered radiographers (37.3% female and 62.7% male). Most respondents in our study were under 30 years old (56.7%). The majority of radiographers (62.4%) reported poor social support. Additionally, most radiographers experienced some level of financial concern across various issues, with an average financial worry score of 16.75 (standard deviation: 4.97; minimum 3, maximum 24). A significant proportion (36.7%) also showed signs of psychological distress. Individuals with higher levels of financial worry were noted to be more likely to experience psychological distress after adjusting for the socioeconomic and health-related variables (adjusted odds ratio, AOR 1.20, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.10–1.31, p < 0.001). Furthermore, individuals with at least moderate social support (AOR: 0.39; 95% CI 0.18–0.86, p = 0.019) and larger families (AOR: 0.11; 95% CI 0.02–0.78, p = 0.027) were less likely to experience psychological distress compared to their peers.ConclusionsA significant number of radiographers reported experiencing financial worry which was associated with an increased likelihood of psychological distress. This emphasizes the need for policies and mechanisms to address financial worry and psychological distress to have a more resilient medical workforce in Kenya.

The Kya’s PTSD and Defense Mechanism as Represented in Delia Owens’ Where The Crawdads Sing

This descriptive qualitative study aims to identify the types of causes of post-traumatic stress disorder and to reveal how the defense mechanism experienced by Kya as the main character of the novel Where the Crawdads Sing. Sigmund Freud's psychological theory of defence mechanism is applied in this study. The data of this research are narratives, paragraphs, and dialogues of Delia Owen’s Where the Crawdads Sing that indicate the causes of post-traumatic stress disorder and the defense mechanisms used by Kya. The findings showed that Kya experienced post-traumatic stress disorder due to causes such as domestic violence, abandonment, bullying, isolation, rape, and murder. In addition, the defense mechanisms used by Kya in overcoming the causes of post-traumatic stress disorder and survival are employing denial to deal with the truth of the traumatic event she went through; sublimation to redirect her negative energy or focus on more productive and beneficial activities; and projection to project her own emotions onto other people, perceiving her own motivations or feelings in their actions. These defense mechanisms help Kya to adjust to difficult situations and find ways to survive due to the trauma she experienced.

Pandangan Islam Tentang Kelompok dalam BK

This study is in the form of a library research literature study, using a descriptive qualitative study method, while the approach used in this research is content analysis. The thing discussed is the Islamic view of groups in guidance and counseling.

Leadership Style Exercised by Nurses in A Clinic in Barranquilla Colombia

Nursing leadership is not just about a position, but a mindset that contributes to other people. Nursing professionals should strive to influence the management of their professional and academic activities, taking initiative and assuming responsibility for changes in healthcare delivery. The objective is to determine the leadership styles practiced by nursing professionals in a clinic in Barranquilla, Colombia. According to the results of a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, the population and sample consisted of 83 nurses working in a clinic in Barranquilla, Colombia. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this leadership style was 9%. Additionally, it was found that transactional leadership was slightly above the scale's average, with a mean of 0.661 and a variability of 16%. On the other hand, corrective-avoidant leadership was also slightly above the scale's average, with an average value of 0.607 and a variability of 35%. These results indicate that leadership exists among the studied nursing professionals, with transformational leadership being predominant. Additionally, a strong linear relationship is evident between the positive/organizational outcomes highlighted by the respondents and the variables assessing transformational leadership.

Profile of Bacteria Isolated from the Cell Phones of Health Care Providers in a Hospital Setting in Cameroon

Health care providers are an integral part of the era of mobile phones. During various activities linked to health care services, they come in contact with their cell phones regularly. These cell phones act as a perfect substrate for nosocomial pathogens, especially in hot–humid conditions, and may serve as a vehicle in transmitting nosocomial infections. This study aimed at determining the profile of bacteria isolated from the cell phones of healthcare providers. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from 1 April to 3 June 2023, where 115 swab samples were collected from the cell phones of health care providers (laboratory personnel, nurses/midwives and doctors) at the Regional Hospital Bamenda. These swabs were inoculated on blood, chocolate and Mac Conkey plates, and the bacteria were identified according to standard microbiological methods and biochemical tests to the genus/specie level. Data were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The results were presented in frequencies and proportions. The chi square test was used to compare proportions between variables, and the results were considered statistically significant when p &lt; 0.05. The bacteria isolated from these cell phones included coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus species and Neisseria species. All the cell phones of the laboratory personnel were contaminated, followed by those of the nurses/midwives (38; 33.0%) and, lastly, by those of the medical doctors (24; 20.9%). No statistically significant difference was observed between the three categories of health care providers with respect to the presence or absence of bacteria on their cell phones. This study presented that the mobile phones of health care providers are a risk of nosocomial pathogens. The result implies that there is an urgent need to implement and emphasize strategies such as hand washing and decontamination of mobile phones to limit nosocomial infections in the hospital.

Impact of COVID-19 Towards Antibiotic Consumption in a Major Specialist Hospital: A Non-COVID-19 Hospital Perspective

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic heavily affected healthcare services and medication supply. Literatures showed that the consumption of antibiotics was significantly increased during the pandemic especially in COVID-19 hospitals, however, little is known about the collateral impact of the pandemic in non-COVID-19 healthcare settings, such as Hospital Queen Elizabeth II (HQEII) based in Malaysia. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of antibiotic consumption before (2018 &amp; 2019) and during (2020 &amp; 2021) the pandemic, and to explore its impact on antibiotic-acquired cost and bacterial resistance. This is a descriptive observational study where the antibiotic consumption from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2021 in HQEII was reviewed. The antibiotics selected were Meropenem, Vancomycin, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Ceftazidime and Ceftriaxone. The antibiotic consumption, antibiotic-acquired cost and cases of multidrug resistant organism (MRO) before (2018 &amp; 2019) and during (2020 &amp; 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic were compared, with combined 2 years data for comparison. The overall consumption of the selected antibiotics significantly increased by 45.2% (34.8 vs 50.5, p&lt;0.001) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Intensive care unit had the highest increase in antibiotic consumption (+114.3%, p&lt;0.001). There was a raising trend for the use of Vancomycin, Meropenem, Ceftazidime and Piperacillin-Tazobactam (p&lt;0.005). All these contributed to a significant increase in antibiotic-acquired cost by 64.4% during the COVID-19 pandemic (RM909,898.80 vs RM1,486,791.20, p&lt;0.001). Notably, cases of multidrug resistant organisms also increased, especially MRO Acinetobacter (+197%) and Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (+92%). High antibiotic consumption, antibiotic-acquired cost and MRO cases were observed in non-COVID-19 healthcare setting during the pandemic, but the factors contributing to the surge were not explored in this study.

Estimating the Economic Burden of COVID-19: Findings from Southern Iran

Background and Objective COVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease that poses a significant threat to public health. Recognizing the impact and costs associated with this disease can assist policymakers in making informed decisions about the allocation of resources. Therefore, this study estimated the economic burden of COVID-19 from a societal perspective, focusing on patients admitted to the referral hospital for this disease in southern Iran in 2022. Methods This descriptive and analytical study employed a random sampling method to select patients admitted to hospitals affiliated with Jiroft University of Medical Sciences in southern Kerman, Iran. The sampling period spanned from March 2020 to February 2021. In total, 450 patients were included in this study. A researcher-made checklist was used as the data collection tool. The data were then analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The analysis was performed using SPSS23, with the significance level set at 0.05. Results The study estimated the total direct cost, total indirect cost, total cost of the studied patients, and the economic burden of COVID-19 disease as 600,211.89, 193,667.28, 793,879.17, and 4,186,389.48 dollars, respectively. A statistically significant correlation was found between length of stay (r=0.858, p&lt;0.001), type of insurance (F=2.853, P=0.023), and total direct cost. Conclusion Based on these results, it is evident that COVID-19 has imposed a substantial economic burden. The study findings emphasize the need for decision-makers to take measures and implement effective interventions to address COVID-19. This can be achieved by controlling risk factors, drawing upon successful experiences from other countries, and following recommendations provided by international organizations. By reducing the number of infections, the economic burden associated with the disease can be alleviated.

Strategi Diferensiasi Produk dalam Mencapai Keunggulan Bersaing CV Tirta Emas

This study discusses the differentiation strategy that has been carried out at CV Tirta Emas. The differentiation strategy is an effort made by the company by providing a differentiator between its products and market products. Businesses have different characteristics so that they are easily recognized by the public. CV Tirta Emas has a distinctive feature in its products, namely comfortable noodle products which are one of the healthy foods. The results of the observation show that one of the factors in the differentiation strategy carried out is still not optimal, which results in a less stable sales turnover received in 2023. This study aims to analyze the product differentiation strategies carried out in achieving competitive advantage. In this study, the author uses the theory put forward by Feranita that there are six factors that can be done in carrying out a differentiation strategy to achieve competitive advantage. Excellence can be measured from the uniqueness, quality and selling price of the product. The method used is a qualitative descriptive case study method by producing data from competent sources. Data collection is carried out by conducting observation, interview and documentation techniques. The essence of this study is to maintain the differentiation strategy that has been implemented and analyze the differentiation strategy in achieving the competitive advantage of CV Tirta Emas.