Statistical Results Research Articles

The Influence of Mobile App Store Ratings and Reviews on Download Intentions: A Study of Sri Lankan Consumers

Purpose: This study aims to understand the impact of user reviews and ratings on mobile app download intention and the moderating impact of perceived usefulness on the strength of this relationship. Design/methodology/approach: A scenario-based survey method was selected following the positivism research paradigm. For this purpose, 304 responses were collected using different versions of the same scenario. Findings: The statistical results show that 37.5% of Sri Lankan consumers' mobile app download intention is explained by mobile app ratings and reviews, which have been found to be a significant influencing factor in potential users' intentions to download the app. However, perceived usefulness does not significantly moderate this relationship. Originality: This study is the first attempt to understand the impact of user reviews and ratings on mobile app download intention in the Sri Lankan context. Implications: The findings encourage Sri Lankan mobile app developers and owners to closely monitor and respond to user reviews and ratings to better meet user expectations and improve app ratings.

Co-production of cellulose and lignin by Taguchi-optimized one-pot deep eutectic solvent-assisted ball milling pretreatment of raw oil palm leaves

This study explores an eco-friendly delignification technique for raw oil palm leaves (OPL), highlighting the optimized conditions of choline chloride-lactic acid deep eutectic solvent (DES)-mediated ball milling pretreatment to maximize the co-production yields of highly crystalline cellulose and lignin. Our five-level-four-factor Taguchi design identified the optimal reaction settings for cellulose production (85.83 % yield, 47.28 % crystallinity) as 90-minute milling, 1500 rpm, mill-ball size ratio of 30:10, ball-to-sample mass ratio of 20:1, DES-to-sample mass ratio of 3:1. Conversely, the maximal lignin extraction yield (35.23 %) occurred optimally at 120-minute milling, 600 rpm, mill-ball size ratio of 25:5, ball-to-sample mass ratio of 20:1 and DES-to-sample mass ratio of 9:1. Statistical results showed that milling frequency (p-value ≤ 0.0001) was highly significant in improving cellulose crystallinity and yield, while DES-to-sample mass ratio (p-value ≤ 0.0001) was the most impacting on lignin yield. The thermogravimetric method affirmed the elevated cellulose thermal stability, corroborating the enhanced cellulose content (40.14 % to 73.67 %) alongside elevated crystallinity and crystallite size (3.31 to 4.72 nm) shown by X-ray diffractograms. The increased surface roughness seen in micrographs mirrored the above-said post-treatment changes. In short, our optimized one-pot dual-action pretreatment effectively delignified the raw OPL to produce cellulose-rich material with enhanced crystallinity and lignin solidity.

FORMULATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY EMULGEL SENGGANI LEAF (Melastoma malabathricum L.) WATER FRACTIONS WITH VARIATIONS OF GELLING AGENT USING DPPH METHOD

The senggani plant is reported to have antioxidant activity owing to its flavonoid content, which is a free radical scavenger. The water fraction of senggani leaves needs to be prepared for use, one of which is the emulgel. An important additional ingredient in emulgels is the gelling agent, and the most commonly used is carbopol 940. This study aimed to determine the formulation of emulgel preparations with the most stable variation in carbopol 940 and to test the antioxidant activity of water fraction emulgel preparations from senggani leaves (Melastoma malabatricum L.). The preparations were made by varying the concentrations of Carbopol 940 to 0.5% (F1), 1.25% (F2), and 2% (F3). Physical stability evaluations included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesive power, viscosity, and antioxidant tests for 28 days. The results of the research showed that the emulgel that tested the physical stability of emulgel preparations with each concentration produced the best emulgel, F3 with an emulgel concentration of 2%, with a pH of 5.32-5.19, spreadability of 4.47-5.53 cm, adhesive power of 31. 21 -25.64 seconds, and viscosity of 47520-34853 cP. The IC50 value of the emulgel preparation is 17870.83-14851.28 ppm, with statistical test results of sig. (p-value) > 0.05, which means that storage has no effect on the emulgel preparation. The conclusion of this research is the best concentration of Carbopol as gelling agent of emulgel is 2% with the antioxidant activity is very weak Keywords: emulgel; senggani leaf water fraction; carbopol 940; IC­50

Квантовые вычисления в медицинской физике: особенности алгоритмов и их перспективы

Background: Quantum computing represents a paradigm leap in computational capabilities, with potential applications across various scientific disciplines. The complicated computations required for imaging, radiation therapy, and molecular modeling in medical physics give novel prospects for quantum computing. Objective: This article investigates the role of quantum computing in medical physics research, with an emphasis on its potential to improve computational efficiency and accuracy and develop novel treatment approaches. Methods: A thorough literature analysis was undertaken to investigate recent advances in quantum computing and their implications in medical physics. Case studies were reviewed to demonstrate practical applications and possible advantages. Theoretical models were tested to forecast future developments. Statistical data from quantum computing implementations were gathered from many sources, particularly on improving processing speed and accuracy in medical physics applications. Results: The findings show that quantum computing can significantly improve the processing speed of complex simulations and imaging techniques, with some quantum algorithms outperforming classical algorithms by up to 100 times. In radiation therapy planning, quantum computing has exhibited a 25% boost in dose distribution calculation precision. Quantum algorithms have lowered calculation times in molecular modeling by about 40%, potentially boosting drug development and customized therapy by 30%. Conclusion: Quantum computing has the potential to alter medical physics by increasing computational capacity, which could lead to advancements in diagnostics, treatment planning, and medication development. The statistical results corroborate the promise of quantum computing in these domains, emphasizing the importance of ongoing interdisciplinary collaboration and research to fully achieve these benefits and address present hurdles in incorporating quantum computing into clinical practice.

The Effect of Ethnomathematics Approach on Numbers 1-20 Counting Skills for Children 4-6 Years Old

Children aged 0-6 years are at an age where cognitive development is very rapid. Counting ability is one of the things that cannot be ignored in this case. The Ethnomathematics approach is an approach that prioritises cultures that contain mathematical values This study aims to determine the ethnomathematics approach to counting skills 1- 20 students aged 4-6 years. This research is a quasi-experimental research with posttest only control design, with a sample of 22 children out of 44 students at RA Al-Qur'an Dina Padang Matinggi. The results showed a significant effect of initial counting ability on the final counting ability of experimental class students using the ethnomathematics approach.experimental class students who used the ethnomathematics approach. Statistical results show the value of F = 18,861 with a significance of 0.000 (p < 0.05). The Ethnomathematics approach can be used in the learning process at the early childhood education level. So that counting skills can develop through this approach. And of course it is necessary to pay attention to the understanding of the culture possessed by students after the learning process is carried out

EXPOSURE TO THE PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF THE HOME ENVIRONMENT WITH PULMONARY TB DISEASE IN KALUMATA VILLAGE

Background: Pulmonary TB is included in the ten highest disease categories yearly in almost all health centers in Ternate City, North Maluku. In certain age groups, pulmonary TB can be a cause of death. Environmental factors, especially the physical environment of the house, can be determinants of pulmonary TB disease. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the incidence of pulmonary TB if exposed to the physical environment of the house and the home environment. Methods: This research is observational with a case-control study design. She was held in the Coastal Area of ​​Kalumata Village, Ternate City. The number of samples in this study were all pulmonary TB sufferers. Data were collected from observations, interviews, and measurements to determine exposure to the physical environment of the house and the incidence of pulmonary TB. The chi-square test is used to determine the relationship between the variables studied. Results: The study's statistical results showed that all the variables did not significantly relate to the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis associated with the physical condition of the house (p-value = 1.00 (> ɑ = 0.05). Conclusion: There is no relationship between the incidence of pulmonary TB and the house's physical condition.

간호대학생의 공감역량과 회복탄력성, 간호전문직관, 임상실습적응에 관한 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to identify differences and correlations between variables such as empathy competency and resilience, nursing professionalism, and clinical practice adaptation according to the general characteristics of nursing students. Methods Structured questionnaires were distributed to 260 students in the 3rd and 4th grades of nursing at four universities, and 252 copies of data were used for the final analysis. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffé post-test, Person's correlation analysis, and the SPSS 25.0 program were used for tool reliability. Results According to the descriptive statistical results of the main variables, the average of empathy competency was 4.11 out of 5, the average of resilience was 3.95 out of 5, the average of nursing professionals was 4.04 out of 5, and the average of clinical practice adaptation was 3.89 out of 5. Looking at the correlation results, resilience was statistically significant with empathy competency (r=.764, p<.001), nursing professionals were statistically significant with empathy competency (r=.606, p<.001), and resilience (r=.591, p<.001). Clinical practice adaptation showed statistically significant positive (+) correlation with empathy competency (r=.650, p<.01), resilience (r=.735, p<.001), and nursing professionals (r=.608, p<.001). Conclusions Since nursing students' empathy competency and resilience have a positive correlation with nursing professions and clinical practice adaptation, it is necessary to apply programs to improve nursing students' empathy competency and resilience. In addition, nursing professionals and clinical practice adaptation have important significance in improving nursing practice and are becoming basic elements of qualitative nursing.

Late Cancer Presentation and Increase Palliative Care Burden on Healthcare Delivery in Makurdi Benue State: A Need for Strategic Intervention

The study employed a narrative review design for the purpose of identifying statistical findings on late-stage cancer diagnosis from previously published studies to use as evidence to describe the prevailing incidence of patients’ presenting with late-stage cancer disease in Benue State. The data were searched from journals indexed in Google scholar, Semantic scholar, ResearchGate, Cross-references, PubMed, DOAJ, and Abstract journals. The statistical results obtained from the review shows that, late-stage cancer presentation among people who develop the disease is a common situation in Nigeria. Specifically, to Benue State one among the few published studies reported that patients who had presented with advanced clinical diseases as evidenced by fungating masses, palpable axillary nodes, are indications of histologically established metastatic disease. Another study applying the FIGO Staging method revealed that (81.8%) presented with advanced stage disease ranging from stage IIb–IV and stage III disease was the commonest with (42.9%) of cases. A recent study revealed that (46.7%) of patients were diagnosed with stage II disease. Whereas (49.1%) presented with advanced stage III and (1.3%) stage IV disease respectively. Based on these evidences, is the pertinent need to solicit for a strategic intervention by various stakeholders in the health system to establish a specialized palliative care service facility in Benue State. Late cancer presentation is an eligible condition for palliative care; early and routine referral of cancer patients for palliative care will accord patients the benefits of enjoying improved QOL and delay of early death from the disease.

Robust estimator of the ruin probability in infinite time for heavy-tailed distributions

The probability of ruin of an insurance company is one of the main risk measures considered in risk theory, and the problems of its calculation and approximation have attracted much attention. Statistical estimations have been developed on the ruin probability in infinite time for insurance loses from heavy-tailed distributions. However, these estimation suffer heavily from under-coverage or have a robustness problem. We therefore need another method for estimating the probability of ruin in infinite time for heavy-tailed losses. In this paper, we introduce a robust estimator of the infinite-time probability of ruin for such distributions. Our methodology is based on extreme value theory, which offers adequate statistical results for such distributions. Our approach is based on a sensitive distribution known as the t-Hill estimator (t-score or score moment estimation) for the index of any tail distribution and introduced in Fabiáan and Stehlík. We establish their asymptotic normality, and through a simulation study, illustrate their behaviour in terms of absolute bias and mean squared error. The simulation results show that our estimators perform well and that they are fairly robust to outliers.

Implementing collaborative pre-task planning with intermediate Arab EFL learners in a blended, task-based environment: A mixed methods study

Pre-task planning (PTP) has received scant attention in L2 writing and task-based research, especially pertaining to its effect on the writing production of intermediate, school L2 learners. This study examines mainly the influence of implementing collaborative PTP on the writing production of Arab EFL learners within blended, task-based environment. Following a mixed methods experimental design, intermediate L2 learners were distributed in planning and no-planning conditions and conducted a pre- and post-test. Students in both groups composed a number of argumentative essays over a 10-week period, which were analyzed for complexity, accuracy, fluency, ideational content, and lexical richness. Results from independent samples t-test and univariant analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated several significant differences between participants' performance on the post-test compared to the pre-test but with differential effects in terms of the five measures. Analyses revealed that PTP didn't promote all the measures simultaneously, but it mainly assisted L2 writers produce enhanced content planning (idea generation, lexis, and argumentation) and resulted in greater fluency and overall improved organization and writing quality. Results of classroom observations supported the statistical results and showed that blended, task-based PTP positively impacted students' writing performance, motivation, self-confidence, and learning independence, and thus created a positive, engaging L2 writing environment. The study results were interpreted through the lens of cognitive processing theories, particularly Skehan's (1998, 2014) Limited Attentional Capacity Model and Robinson's (2001) Cognition Hypothesis, providing support to Robinson's position that PTP led to greater fluency. The use of data and methodological triangulation in this study offers new insights into the role of PTP in the L2 writing process, especially with intermediate, school learners in an authentic classroom setting, and thus contributes to the inconsistent results of previous PTP studies (Ellis, 2021).

ADAPTATION OF NAVAL PENTATHLON ATHLETES TO PHYSICAL TRAINING

Rationally planned training leads to adaptation and progress, and irrational planning leads to disruption of the course of adaptation reactions and overwork. For a rational periodization it is very important to identify training concepts based on detailed analysis of fatigue development mechanisms. Proper planning and execution of training will result in an increase in effort capacity. Adaptation, viewed from a biological point of view, is a complex defense mechanism against the demands caused by environmental changes. This requires an adequate response of the organism to environmental conditions in order to survive under the new conditions. For sports training, adaptation refers to the set of transformations that the athlete's body undergoes in training, in order to develop a superior state of bio-psycho-motor balance, materialized in the easy execution of a task. Research objectives: Initial evaluation of subjects; Development of the training program; Evaluation of the level of adaptation to physical effort obtained from specific naval pentathlon training; Development of a training planning model, allowing the improvement of physical effort capacity by means specific to the naval pentathlon. Methods: The research carried out started from the premise that the appropriate use of training means specific to the naval pentathlon can lead to an improvement of the effort capacity of military students, which fully satisfies their performance needs in fulfilling combat missions arising from the graduate's model. At a preliminary stage of the research, by applying general physical training tests, we obtained an initial assessment of the research subjects. These data were a benchmark in developing the training program and setting effort parameters. The training plan thus designed contains training sessions specific to naval pentathlon trials, adapted to the normal conditions of the naval academy training process. Results: The comparative analysis of the results, based on mathematical-statistical and graphical methods, reveals significant increases in performance recorded in the final testing stage. The dynamics of the results demonstrates a significant evolution of the results of the experimental group carried out during the training program, carried out according to the designed model. This confirms to us the effectiveness of applying the training program. The statistical results confirm a very good evolution of the results for the general motor tests and for the Ruffier test. Conclusions: Regular exercise is a particularly important stimulus for adaptation. Sports training, by its specific means, aims to increase the level of performance. In order to achieve this objective, it is necessary to apply a well-defined programme in great detail. Effective training requires constant variability in programming. In addition, in order to maximize the positive transfer of training, the means used in the training lesson should be as close as possible to the characteristics of the effort. Because of this, there is a permanent conflict in training programming, between diversity and specificity. This conflict can only be successfully managed through professional intervention on the part of the coach and involvement of the athlete according to training requirements.

Validation of the Attitudes toward Lying to People with Dementia (ALPD) Questionnaire among Social Workers in Spain.

Gerontological interventions should address the various geriatric syndromes suffered by the elderly, such as neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutic lying is an effective and humanizing strategy to deal with dementia, used by various disciplines in the social and healthcare fields. This intervention strategy is made up of all the different responses to reality that are given to a person with cognitive impairment. This study analyzes the validity of the Spanish adaptation of the Attitudes toward Lying to People with Dementia (ALPD) questionnaire, given to 253 social workers who directly and indirectly intervened with older people suffering from cognitive impairment in public and private centers in Spain during the year 2022. The results of the validity and reliability analyses support the psychometric quality of ALPD for use in Spanish social workers. The statistical results indicate a good fit of the bifactor model (person-focused and lie-focused) and show the questionnaire to be reliable, with adequate psychometric properties. The article concludes with a discussion of practical, formative, and ethical challenges for social work in the field of geriatric services.

Appraisal model on how accounting data analytics impacts public sector sustainability reporting

The current manuscript establishes and validates a conceptual framework that focuses on the correlation between accounting data analytics (ADA) and the quality of digital sustainability reporting (QDSR). Moreover, it aims to examine how the sustainable green internal control system (SGICS) facilitates the relationship between ADA and QDSR. The current manuscript employed a three-pronged methodology comprising of expert interviews, a literature review, and a self-administered survey, in sequential sequence. To determine the measuring scales and relevant concerns, the qualitative methodology originally involved conducting several semi-structured interviews with specialists and doing a thorough examination of the relevant literature. In the quantitative phase, statistical data were collected by two-wave paper-and-pencil surveys given to respondents in Vietnamese public sector organizations. The survey was conducted using a snowball and convenience sampling method. The data analysis was conducted utilizing the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique with the assistance of SmartPLS 4.1.0.3. The statistical results validated the significantly positive connection between ADA and QDSR. This link was partially mediated by SGICS.

Beyond the Learning Curve of Robot-Assisted Navigation Spine Surgery: Refinement of Outcomes With Extended Experience.

Objective This study assessed whether robotic-assisted navigation (RAN) spine surgery outcomes, including operative time and pedicle screw accuracy, continue to improve with extended experience beyond 200 cases. Methods This is a retrospective review of 60 patients who underwent lumbosacral transforaminal interbody fusion using RAN. Patients were segmented into three groups of 20 consecutive cases each. The first group represented a surgical performance baseline leading up to the investigating surgeon's 200th RAN case. The subsequent two groups were selected beyond the 200th case with an average of 15 cases between groups. Pedicle screw accuracy and intraoperative outcomes were assessed. Statistical results were significant if p<0.05. Results Measures of surgical efficiency significantly improved beyond the investigating surgeon's 200th RAN case. As case number increased, the following parameters significantly decreased: registration time (group 1: 16.9±6.5, group 2: 12.9±3.0, group 3: 8.7±1.6 minutes; p<0.05), screw insertion time (group 1: 14.9±3.5, group 2: 10.9±2.0, group 3: 8.4±2.7 minutes; p<0.05), and total operative time significantly decreased from group 1 (175.9±58.2 minutes) to group 2 (135.8±23.9 minutes) (p=0.013) with a non-significant decrease to group 3 (121.5±32.3 minutes). Accuracy (Grade = A) significantly increased across groups (group 1: 87%, group 2: 94%, group 3: 98%; p=0.024). Group 1 had the highest misplacement rate of 3.7% (4/108 screws). The overall misplacement rate was 1.4% (4/290 screws) (Grade C-E). There was a higher rate of lateral screw misplacement compared to medial misplacement. Conclusion Even with a small number of initial cases, RAN spine surgery can consistently be performed with high accuracy and acceptable intraoperative outcomes. However, this study demonstrated refined outcomes with extended robotic experience.

Synthesis of dihydrocarvone over dendritic ZSM-5 Zeolite: A comprehensive study of experimental, kinetics, and computational insights

This study explores the isomerization of limonene-1,2-epoxide (LE) from kinetic and mechanistic viewpoints, using a dendritic ZSM-5 zeolite (d-ZSM-5) as a highly selective catalyst for the formation of dihydrocarvone (DHC) in the form of diastereoisomers (cis + trans). Ethyl acetate, a green solvent, was used at mild reaction temperatures (50–––70 °C). DHC, which can also be extracted from caraway oil, is widely used as an intermediate for epoxylactone production and as a constituent in flavors and perfumes. Kinetic modeling of LE isomerization was performed using a reaction network with eight parallel reactions and the corresponding rate equations, derived from the assumption of the rate-limiting surface reactions. The large standard errors in the statistical results of some kinetic parameters of the initial data fitting suggested that three of those reactions can be neglected to describe the kinetic model more accurately. This refinement resulted in standard errors in the kinetic parameters lower than ca. 11 %, confirming the statistical reliability of the modified kinetic model. Activation energies of 41.1 and 162 kJ/mol were estimated for the formation of cis-DHC and trans-DHC, respectively. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations revealed the preferred pathway for both cis and trans-LE conversion to DHC and carveol. The rate-determining step, carbocation formation (ΔEact = 234 kJ/mol), precedes near-instantaneous dihydrocarvone formation under the studied conditions.

The Influence of Small Sided Games Training Method: Passing Amateur Athletes Football Players

Improving the basic skills of amateur athletes is a big task for a coach, one of which is the game of football itself. This study aims to determine the effect of small sided games training on the passing skills of football players. This study is a type of experimental research of one group pretest-posttest design with 16 treatments. The population in this study is 40 people, then the 40 population is not all used, only 24 athletes meet the criteria as subjects in this study. The instruments in this study are tests, observations, interviews, and documentation. The validity of the test in this study was 0.812 and the reliability was 0.879. The data analysis techniques of this study use prerequisite tests including normality tests, homogeneity tests, and t-test or t-est. The results of this study prove that small sided games-based training has a significant impact on the accuracy of passing in football games. This is proven by the results of data analysis in this study with a percentage of 0.000 &lt; 0.05, thus the hypothesis in the study is proven to have an influence on Yogyakarta State University football athletes. Then it was strengthened by the statistical results of the Mann Whitney test with asymp values. Sig. (2-tailed) by 0.750 &gt; 0.05. So based on these results, it can be concluded that the Small Sided Games Training Method has a significant impact on the results of passing skills in amateur athletes of the Student Activity Unit of Yogyakarta State University.

Effects of coarse aggregate morphology on Asphalt mixture’s flowability: Parametric and prediction study

Morphological characteristics of aggregates affect the flowability and workability of asphalt mixtures during pavement construction. To quantify the effects of coarse aggregate morphological characteristics on its flow performance, aggregates were artificially smoothened through abrasion to different levels of angularity and then evaluted based on Angle of repose (AOR)tests in laboratory. Moreover, morphological characteristics of aggregates with different sizes were scanned and rebuilt based on Particle Flow Code (PFC). 61 sets of virtual Angle of repose tests were further conducted in order to get statistical results and help to develop a predictive model of aggregates’ flowability. The study results indicate that within the commonly used particle size range of 2.36–13.2 mm in pavement, the larger the particle size, the greater the AOR test results. Within 500 cycles of abrasion, most morphological parameters of aggregates show a clear positive correlation with its flowability. Variables based on the aggregate shape scale (Ellipse ratio and Aspect ratio), and angular scale variables(Circularity and 3D Angularity), can well predict the flowability of aggregates. The significance of their contribution to the flowability are shown as follow: Aspect ratio > 3D Angularity > Circularity > Ellipse ratio. Thus, it is important to control the morphological characteristics of aggregates within a reasonable range in order to improve the flowability and workability of asphalt mixtures during pavement construction phase.

Improving Atmospheric Temperature and Relative Humidity Profiles Retrieval Based on Ground-Based Multichannel Microwave Radiometer and Millimeter-Wave Cloud Radar

Obtaining temperature and humidity profiles with high vertical resolution is essential for describing and predicting atmospheric motion, and, in particular, for understanding the evolution of medium- and small-scale weather processes, making short-range and near-term weather forecasting, and implementing weather modifications (artificial rainfall, artificial rain elimination, etc.). Ground-based microwave radiometers can acquire vertical tropospheric atmospheric data with high temporal and spatial resolution. However, the accuracy of temperature and relative humidity retrieval is still not as accurate as that of radiosonde data, especially in cloudy conditions. Therefore, improving the observation and retrieval accuracy is a major challenge in current research. The focus of this study was to further improve the accuracy of atmospheric temperature and humidity profile retrieval and investigate the specific effects of cloud information (cloud-base height and cloud thickness) on temperature and humidity profile retrieval. The observation data from the ground-based multichannel microwave radiometer (GMR) and the millimeter-wave cloud radar (MWCR) were incorporated into the retrieval process of the atmospheric temperature and relative humidity profiles. The retrieval was performed using the backpropagation neural network (BPNN). The retrieval results were quantified using the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE). The statistical results showed that the temperature profiles were less affected by the cloud information compared with the relative humidity profiles. Cloud thickness was the main factor affecting the retrieval of relative humidity profiles, and the retrieval with cloud information was the best retrieval method. Compared with the retrieval profiles without cloud information, the MAE and RMSE values of most of the altitude layers were reduced to different degrees after adding cloud information, and the relative humidity (RH) errors of some altitude layers were reduced by approximately 50%. The maximum reduction in the RMSE and MAE values for the retrieval of temperature profiles with cloud information was about 1.0 °C around 7.75 km, and the maximum reduction in RMSE and MAE values for the relative humidity profiles was about 10%, which was obtained around 2 km.

MpScope: Enabling multi-pipeline monitoring inside a switch

The core of programmable switches is the flexible data plane, composed of multiple programmable pipelines in existing programmable switches. These pipelines are isolated from each other and cannot share state and data. However, most of network monitoring systems ignore this condition and implicitly assume that the switch has only a single pipeline. This results in an inaccurate measurement and high communication overhead with the practical switch. To tackle this problem, we propose MpScope, a general multi-pipeline monitoring framework, which centers around the control plane, supporting accurate and efficient network monitoring. Specifically, MpScope combines the switch’s data plane and control plane to achieve comprehensive network monitoring of the whole switch scope. The control plane aggregates the statistical results from multiple pipelines and tunes the monitoring module residing in the different pipelines in the data plane dynamically. The data plane is responsible for real-time traffic measurement and statistic reports. Its behaviors can be adjusted periodically with the instructions from the control plane. Two typical monitoring applications, i.e., heavy hitter detection and distinct counting, are developed with MpScope to validate the effectiveness of multi-pipeline monitoring. Experiments show that MpScope significantly reduces communication overhead compared to the static threshold scheme while maintaining high detection accuracy over time.

Machine learning-based q-RASAR predictions of the bioconcentration factor of organic molecules estimated following the organisation for economic co-operation and development guideline 305

In this study, we utilized an innovative quantitative read-across (RA) structure-activity relationship (q-RASAR) approach to predict the bioconcentration factor (BCF) values of a diverse range of organic compounds, based on a dataset of 575 compounds tested using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guideline 305 for bioaccumulation in fish. Initially, we constructed the q-RASAR model using the partial least squares regression method, yielding promising statistical results for the training set (R2 =0.71, Q2LOO=0.68, mean absolute error [MAE]training=0.54). The model was further validated using the test set (Q2F1=0.77, Q2F2=0.75, MAEtest=0.51). Subsequently, we explored the q-RASAR method using other regression-based supervised machine-learning algorithms, demonstrating favourable results for the training and test sets. All models exhibited R2 and Q2F1 values exceeding 0.7, Q2LOO values greater than 0.6, and low MAE values, indicating high model quality and predictive capability for new, unidentified chemical substances. These findings represent the significance of the RASAR method in enhancing predictivity for new unknown chemicals due to the incorporation of similarity functions in the RASAR descriptors, independent of a specific algorithm.