Statistical Paired Sample T-test Research Articles

Effect Of Brain Gym For Kognitif Function In Elderly Kendari City Healtyh Center

Background: World Health Organization Stated that dementia is experienced by the elderly aged 60-74 years by 15-20%, 75-85 years by 5-15%. The older the age, the greater the prevalence and the heavier the type of dementia experienced by the elderly. This study aims to determine the effect of brain exercise on the cognitive function of the elderly at the Public Health Center of Kendari City. Methods: : The design of this research is quasi experiment with pre and post test without control with quota sampling technique. The population in this study amounted to 125 people and the sample in this study was the elderly who experienced cognitive function disorders at the Perumnas Public Health Center as many as 15 people. Data analysis used the statistical paired sample t-test. The data collection tool used is the Mini Mental Status Examination questionnaire. Results: The results of this study indicate t count (12,646) > t table (6.714) and p value 0.000 <0.05 so Ho is rejected, meaning that there is an effect of brain exercise on the cognitive function of the elderly. Conclusions: It is hoped that the Public Health Center will pay more attention to the condition of the elderly who are in the working area of the Perumnas Health Center in order to minimize the risk of cognitive function disorders and carry out brain exercises for the elderly when the Posyandu for the elderly is carried out.

The EFFECT OF GIVING SPINACH LEAF PUDDING (AMARANTHUS HYBRIDUS) PREVENTING CALCIUM DEFICIENCY AND IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

Background: Growing rapidly during adolescence increases a person's need for nutrients. Anemia is more common among adolescent girls. The dietary needs during adolescence are also very high due to the peak bone mass (PBM) that lasts throughout this period. This study aimed to determine whether adolescent girls who consumed spinach (Amaranthus Hybridus) would have increased levels of hemoglobin and blood calcium. Methods: Pre- and post-testing was used in one group of quantitative research employing a time series experiment in a quasi-experimental design to assess the intervention's effects. January 2022 study was conducted. 30 young ladies from Surabaya took part in the study. A method of deliberate sampling was used to collect samples. Data collection was done from primary sources and examined using the statistical paired sample t-test. Result: After consuming spinach pudding, blood calcium and hemoglobin levels increased. Shapiro-Wilk Test was normal and significantly different (p<0.05) hemoglobin and calcium levels before and after consuming spinach pudding from paired sample test results.
 Conclusion: Before and after receiving spinach pudding, there is a considerable difference in the blood hemoglobin and calcium levels.

Analysis Of Increasing Knowledge In The Making Of Local Micro Organisms (Mol) In Merigi Kelindang District Bengkulu Tengah

The level of understanding of farmers in making MOL is very lacking, on the other hand, MOLes are needed to produce compost, plus farmers can make their own MOLes from materials that are around us. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of farmers and students on the socialization of making MOL. The method used is a pre-test post-test one group design with a total of 44 respondents consisting of 26 farmers and 18 students who were determined purposively in January 2022. The increase in respondents' knowledge was tested using statistical paired sample t-test. The results of the implementation for farmers obtained that the correlation between pretest and posttest knowledge was positive at 0.154, significant at the =0.05 level, and for students at 0.657 indicating that the increase in post-test knowledge of socialization was not the same for every farmer and student. However, the level of knowledge of farmers on average increased from an average of 14.62% of students to an average of 19.44% due to socialization. Statistically, the level of knowledge of farmers and students increased significantly at the level of =0.05. This indicates that socialization is effective in increasing the knowledge of farmers and students in Kelindang Village, Merigi sub-district, Central Bengkulu Regency.

Efektivitas Terapi Bermain Menggambar terhadap Kecemasan Anak Usia Sekolah 6-12 Tahun di Ruang Perawatan Anak Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Konawe

The reactions shown by children undergoing hospitalization or hospitalization are generally not cooperative during treatment. Drawing play therapy is an alternative that can be used in play therapy to increase stimulation and reduce anxiety due to hospitalization during hospitalization. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of drawing play therapy on the anxiety of school-aged children 6-12 years in the pediatric care room at the Konawe General Hospital. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group pre-test and post-test design. The sample in this study was 68 respondents, with a consecutive sampling technique. The method of analysis used a statistical paired sample t-test. The results showed that the results of the pre-test anxiety in the experimental group showed a mean = of 21.55 and a post-test mean = of 10.09 with a t value = 13,247. In contrast, the control group means = 22.00 and the post-test mean = 22.00 with a t value = 0.423, so the experimental group's Positive value decreases children's anxiety after the intervention. While the p-value of pre-test and post-test in the experimental group is 0.000 and the control group is 0.676, where the value is significant (0.000 <0.05), then H0 is rejected, meaning that in the experimental group, Drawing Play Therapy is effective in reducing the anxiety of school-aged children 6- 12 years old.

Competency Achievement of Apothecary Students through Community Health Interprofessional Program

Objective: aims to measure the achievement of inter-professional competency of apothecary and medical students after taking IPE in a form of home care visit.
 Methods: Fifty-eight students of pharmacy and seventy-eight medical students are listed in the community health interprofessional program (COHIP) by simulation on prescription service and followed by home visit to patients of public health center. Evaluation is conducted by taking the design of pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental without group control. The research result is measured by using Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Scale (ICCAS) consists of communication, collaborative, roles and responsibilities, collaborative patient/family-centered approach, conflict management/resolution, and team functioning. The compiled data are displayed descriptively in which statistical paired sample T-test was conducted.
 Result: 134 respondents involved in this program had finished the pre-test and post-test. The highest mean values of IPE activity of apothecary and medical student are collaborative and conflict management/resolution domain. The overall statistical analysis result of ICCAS domains and items shows significant improvement.
 Conclusion: Home visit program and simulation on prescription service in a frame of community health interprofessional program have effect towards the improvement of inter-professional competency of pharmacy and medical students, which consists of Communication, Collaborative, Roles and Responsibilities, Collaborative Patient/Family-Centered Approach, Conflict Management/Resolution, and Team Functioning.

Tempe Juice As An Alternative Treatment For Anemia In Adolescent Girls

The highest prevalence of anemia is found in Southeast Asia, with an estimated 60% of children experiencing anemia. Young women are at a higher risk of developing anemia compared to boys. Anemia has a negative impact on adolescents which can cause physical growth, behavioral and emotional disorders. This study aims for this study to see the effect of tempeh spice juice on increasing hemoglobin levels in adolescent girls. The research design was quantitative pre-experiment using the One Group Pre Test-Post Test design. The research subjects were 30 young women who were included in the inclusion criteria. This study was tested using the statistical paired sample t-test, obtained sig 0.002 less than 0.005. The average hemoglobin level before being given tempeh spice juice was 13, 123 and the average hemoglobin level after being given tempeh spice juice was 13, 910. The results of this study have a significant effect on the presentation of tempeh spice juice on the hemoglobin levels of adolescent girls. The results of this study can be used as an alternative in an effort to reduce the prevalence of anemia, with naturally occurring preparations that make it more plausible for young women.

The Effectiveness of Training on Improving the Ability of Health Cadres in Early Detection of Stunting in Toddlers

AIM: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of training in improving health cadres’ ability in early detection and risk factors of stunting in toddlers. METHODS: The research method used was a quasi-experimental non-randomized pre- and post-test only control design. The independent variable was cadre training. The training was conducted through learning activities on health cadres using lecture method, question and answer method, and brainstorming accompanied by training booklets/modules and demonstrations. The dependent variable was knowledge, attitudes, and skills in detecting stunting and risk factors for stunting in children under-five. There were 53 health cadres as samples scattered in the Tomini Community Health Center with the purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used was a parametric statistical paired sample t-test. RESULTS: Training of health cadres effectively increased health cadres’ ability to detect stunting and risk factors for stunting in children under-five. The different test results for each variable that showed the pre-post-test p-value for knowledge, attitudes, and health cadres’ skills were 0.000, smaller than the significance level of 0.05 (p < 0.05). Besides, the mean score of each variable obtained after training for health cadres was more significant than before training, including knowledge 17.392 >12.264, attitudes 33.603 >27.226, and skills 90.019 >62113. Those are means that cadres’ training effectively increased the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of health cadres in detecting stunting and risk factors for stunting in children under-five. CONCLUSION: Training of health cadres effectively increases the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of health cadres about early detection and risk factors of stunting in the working area of Tomini Public Health Centre, Parigi Moutong Regency.

Pengaruh Pendekatan Konflik Kognitif Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Pada Materi Gerak Lurus

This study aims to determine the effect of the cognitive conflict approach on the conceptual understanding of senior high school students in class X on straight motion material. This type of research is a pre-experimental research design with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population in this study were all students of class X MIPA State Senior High School 1 Narmada. The research sample was obtained using a positive sampling technique, obtained class X MIPA 1 as experimental class 1, class X MIPA 2 as experimental class 2, and class X MIPA 3 as experimental class 3. Data collection on conceptual understanding used multiple-choice tests of 15 questions. Hypothesis test analysis used a statistical paired sample t-test and showed that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. This shows that the cognitive conflict approach affects students' conceptual understanding of straight motion material.

Pengaruh Pendekatan Konflik Kognitif Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Pada Materi Gerak Lurus

This study aims to determine the effect of the cognitive conflict approach on the critical thinking skills of senior high school students in grade X on straight motion material. This type of research is a pre-experimental research design with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population in this study were all students of class X MIPA SMAN 1 Narmada. The research sample was obtained using a purposive sampling technique, obtained class X MIPA 1 as experimental class 1, class X MIPA 2 as experimental class 2, and class X MIPA 3 as experimental class 3. Data collection on critical thinking skills used essay test as many as 5 questions. Hypothesis test analysis used a statistical paired sample t-test and showed that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. This shows that the cognitive conflict approach affects the critical thinking skills of students in straight motion material. This approach can be an alternative solution for various methods/models/approaches in learning physics.

Pengaruh Penambahan Campuran Kapur Tohor dan Kapur Barus (C10H16O) Terhadap Kepadatan Lalat Pada Sampah Organik

Abstract: The Effect Of Lime (C10H16O) And Camphor (C10H16O) Against The Density Of Flies On Organic Waste. Fly is a disease-carrying vector so it is important to measure the density for control purposes. One of the controls that is done is on organic waste which is a breading source place of flies. Control is done by affixing the mixture of lime and camphor. This research aimed to determine the effect of mixture of lime and camphor against the density of flies in organic waste that is carried out in the garbage construction site while Southern Loktabat. This type of research is quasi-experimental that experimenting the provision of nine variations of dosage mixture of lime and camphor against the density of flies in organic waste with the organic waste sample was about 0,16m3. This research design used Pretest-posttest design. The analysis using statistical paired sample t-test, Kruskal Wallis test, and Least Significant Differences Test. The measurements showed a decrease in the density of the flies after administration of the lime and camphor mixture. Paired T-test results showed that in each treatment the p-value (2-tailed)

English

The study was conducted in Guba-Lafto Woreda of North Wollo to find out the effect of stone faced soil bund on soil macronutrients (N, P, and K), organic carbon content, soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and soil moisture status. From two case study kebeles, two watersheds were purposively selected representing Dega (highland) and Woina dega (midland) agro ecological zones. Sixteen composite surface soil samples (0 to 20 cm depth) were collected from selected watersheds. A statistical paired samples t-test showed that, mean value of some soil parameters were significantly different at t and p-value between conserved and non-conserved farmlands. These indicated that, conservation practices reduce runoff, and helps keep nutrients on the field. The study also revealed that stone faced soil bund is essential for soil moisture retentions through reducing run-off velocity, conserving and storing water, and then increasing infiltration and percolation rates. Therefore, implementation of soil and water conservation (SWC) practices should be encouraged by different governmental and non-governmental sectors of Ethiopia, and it should be followed up by other inputs like application of organic fertilizers. Key words: Soil and water conservation, soil and water conservation measures, stone faced soil bund, soil nutrients, soil moisture.

Evaluation of water corrosion, scaling extent and heterotrophic plate count bacteria in asbestos and polyethylene pipes in drinking water distribution system

ABSTRACTCorrosion and scaling is one of the most important factors influencing drinking water quality that cause health disorders and economic problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate these phenomena in two sources of surface (Makou city) and ground water (Khoy city) in water networks. Corrosion and scaling potential was surveyed by Langelier, Ryzener, aggressiveness, Larson and Puckorius Indices and with measuring water physical, chemical, and microbial parameters. Statistical paired samples t-test displayed significant difference in means value of Langelier, Ryzener, Puckorius indices between cold and warm seasons of the year in Khoy samples and significant difference in means value of Ryzener, Puckorius and aggressiveness indices between cold and warm seasons of the year in Makou samples (p-value <0.001). Heterotrophic plate count water samples investigated in two cold and hot seasons in Khoy were respectively 14 ± 16 cfu ml−1 and 41 ± 26 cfu ml−1 and in the town of Makou were 11 ± 7 cfu ml−1 and 61 ± 29 cfu ml−1, respectively. In terms of health impacts, corrosion in different mains is important, then providing proper measures for balancing water quality before entering to the network and substituting of mains to prevent economic and health problems are necessary.

Missing Values Imputation using Similarity Matching Method for Brainprint Authentication

This paper proposes a similarity matching imputation method to deal with the missing values in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. EEG signals with rather high amplitude can be considered as noise, normally they will be removed. The occurrence of missing values after this artefact rejection process increases the complexity of computational modelling due to incomplete data input for model training. The fundamental concept of the proposed similarity matching imputation method is founded on the assumption that similar stimulation on a particular subject will acquire comparable EEG signals response over the related EEG channels. Hence, we replaced the missing values using the highest similarity amplitude measure across different trials in this study. Next, wavelet phase stability (WPS) was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method since WPS portrays better signals information as compared to amplitude measure in this situation. The statistical paired sample t-test was used to validate the performance of the proposed similarity matching imputation method and the preceding mean substitute imputation method. The lower the value of mean difference indicates the better approximation of imputation data towards its original form. The proposed method is able to treat 9.75% more missing value trials, with significantly better imputation value, than the mean substitution method. Continuity of the current study will be focusing on evaluating the robustness of the proposed method in dealing with different rate of missing data.

Application of 3D Laser Scanning on Measuring Pavement Roughness

Abstract This study evaluates the use of 3D laser scanning technology to measure pavement roughness. Three 100 m test sections, ranging from smooth to very rough (with apparent cracks, areas of distress, and manholes) were selected to investigate the capability of the 3D laser scanning technology. Rod and level surveys were conducted to establish the reference profile for each test section. In addition, Multiple Laser Profiler (MLP) was employed to measure the multiple paths of each test section. Results from multiple paths of 3D laser scanning were compared with those from MLP and rod and level surveys. The 100 m reference profiles indicate similar results between the 3D laser scanning and rod and level survey. With 95% confidence, the statistical paired-samples T-test indicates that there is no significant variation between the results from rod and level surveys and 3D laser scanning. The data include IRI from 2.83 to 13.15 m/km such that they represent a wide spectrum of pavement conditions. The coefficient of correlation (R2) between the MLP and 3D laser scanning from 20 longitudinal profiles is 0.99. The 3D laser scanning is a static method and thus the data do not have to be filtered and therefore there is no associated cut-off wavelength problem. Based on the results gathered, the 3D laser scanner is able to collect reliable profile data and has high potential to be used as a QC/QA tool for construction acceptance. Through 3D laser scanning technology, pavement engineers are able to visualize the pavement roughness covering the entire pavement width in unprecedented detail that consists of extremely rich and accurate point-cloud data.