Software Statistical Package For Social Sciences Research Articles

Analyzing the performance of metaheuristic algorithms in speed control of brushless DC motor: Implementation and statistical comparison.

A brushless DC (BLDC) motor is likewise called an electrically commutated motor; because of its long help life, high productivity, smaller size, and higher power output, it has numerous modern applications. These motors require precise rotor orientation for longevity, as they utilize a magnet at the shaft end, detected by sensors to maintain speed control for stability. In modern apparatuses, the corresponding, primary, and subsidiary (proportional-integral) regulator is broadly utilized in controlling the speed of modern machines; however, an ideal and effective controlling strategy is constantly invited. BLDC motor is a complex system having nonlinearity in its dynamic responses which makes primary controllers in efficient. Therefore, this paper implements metaheuristic optimization techniques such as Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO), Levy Flight Trajectory-Based Whale Optimization Algorithm (LFWOA); moreover, a chaotic map and weight factor are also being applied to modify LFWOA (i.e., CMLFWOA) for optimizing the PI controller to control the speed of BLDC motor. Model of the brushless DC motor using a sensorless control strategy incorporated metaheuristic algorithms is simulated on MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory)/Simulink. The Integral Square Error (ISE) criteria is used to determine the efficiency of the algorithms-based controller. In the latter part of this article after implementing these mentioned techniques a comparative analysis of their results is presented through statistical tests using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software. The results of statistical and analytical tests show the significant supremacy of WOA on others.

Association between Pre-operative Vitamin-D level and Shortterm Clinical Outcomes Regarding Pain & Disability following PLID surgery

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common problem affecting 70% of the population in the developed countries and prevalence is also increasing in the developing countries. There were strong associations between vitamin D deficiency and LBP. According to the latest report in Bangladesh 86% (eighty-six percent) people had hypovitaminosis- D. A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is seen in patients with degenerative diseases of the spine. Considering the hypovitaminosis D led to musculoskeletal issues we want to examine the level of vitamin D in patients before PLID surgery and observe its impact 01 month postoperatively regarding pain & disability outcomes by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) & Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate an association between preoperative Vitamin-D level and short-term outcome regarding pain & disability following PLID surgery. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study will be conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Patient’s data will be collected in questionnaire/data collection sheet. All the patient will be evaluated by serum Vitamin-D level preoperatively. Patient will be clinically assessed by VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) score and ODI (Oswestry Disability Score) preoperatively and 01 month postoperatively. Then our aim is to determine a relationship between pre-operative Vitamin-D level and mean difference between pre and post-operative VAS & ODI Score. Statistical analysis: Data was processed and analyzed by using computer software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 22. Appropriate statistical test for data analysis (Unpaired T-test) was done. Statistical significance was set at pvalue <0.05. Results: In this study population, the mean age was 42.84 ± 10.14 years ranging from 31 to 78 years. Out of 38 patients 17 (45%) patients had hypovitaminosis-D and 19 (55%) patient had normal vitamin-D level. 15 (39.5%), 11 (28.9%), 10 (26.3%) and 2 (5.3%) patients were service holder, housewife, Businessman and other (retired) respectively. T-test & Chi square test showed positive association between preoperative vitamin-D level and post-operative clinical outcome regarding pain and disability, with a significant p-value of p = <0.05. Conclusion: Our study has showed an association between Pre-operative Vitamin-D level and post-operative clinical outcome regarding pain & disability, that is, insufficient Vitamin-D level leads to decrease alleviation of symptoms following PLID surgery. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2024; 13(2): 75-85

Empirical Correlation of Hossaena Town Soil Index Properties with California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Values

California bearing ratio (CBR) is a key input factor in pavement structural design that is used to determine character size, the strength of unbound materials, and subgrade soils. The construction of a straightforward and logical regression model to forecast the CBR of unbound materials as a function of the index properties of the material. This work explains the relationship between compaction parameters and Atterberg limit tests. Laboratory test was conducted to get the independent (percent finer, liquid limit, plastic limit, plastic index, maximum dry density and moisture content), and dependent variables (CBR). A statistical package for social science software (SPSS) used to develop the mathematical model both in single and multiple regression. The viability of using multiple linear regression analysis to relate CBR values to soil index features was investigated. In this study, SPSS is used to examine each independent variable's significance individually. The multiple linear regression analysis was used to create the correlation, which had an eighteen-person sample size and a modest determination coefficient of R2 = 0.821. The CBR has good relation with maximum dry density and optimum moisture content compared to other parameters. This model applicable for small structure in the specified soil type, MH.

Incidence of acute transfusion reactions and associated factors among adult blood-transfused patients at Jimma University Medical Center, southwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

Acute transfusion reaction is mainly related to the infusion of blood or blood products resulting at any time within a day of the intervention. It ranges from a non-specific febrile episode to a life-threatening intravascular hemolysis. The severity of the reaction and the degree of morbidity are usually related to the degree of ABO incompatibility and the volume of blood transfused. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence of acute transfusion reactions and its associated factors in Jimma University Medical Center, southwest Ethiopia. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 October to December 30, 2020. A total of 384 transfused patients were followed in this study. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Baseline measurement and 24-hour periodic vital signs monitoring were conducted after each transfusion. Four milliliters of venous blood were drawn after transfusion intervention from each distrusted patient for complete blood count, blood group phenotype, direct antihuman globulin test (DAT), and crossmatching. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science software (SPSS) version 20. Descriptive statistics, and bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were employed to test the association between independent and dependent variables. A P value ≤ .05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Acute transfusion reactions were diagnosed in 5.7% of patients, with most of these reactions were febrile nonhemolytic reactions (63.6%) followed by allergic (36.4%) reactions with mild clinical manifestations (27.3%). Transfusion history, transfused blood that was kept for more than 13 days, abortion history, and number of transfused units (≥3 units of blood/blood component) have 3.3, 3.85, 4.2, and 3.9 times greater odds, respectively, besides their significant association with the incidence of acute transfusion reactions. Patients with a history of previous transfusion, abortion, multi-unit transfusion, and patients transfused with blood stored for ≥14 days should be closely monitored. Starting a hemovigilance system of monitoring, collecting, and evaluating data on adverse effects of blood transfusion locally and nationally will decrease the occurrence of acute transfusion reactions.

Immunophenotypic Profile and Measurable Residual Disease Monitoring in Multiple Myeloma: A Prospective Study From a Tertiary Care Centre in Southern India.

Multiple myeloma (MM) immunophenotyping (IPT) and measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring by flow cytometry is a surrogate for progression-free survival and overall survival in clinical trials. However, plasma cell enumeration is challenging owing to morphological discrepancies and plasma cell (PC) loss during the sample processing. In (n=87) newly diagnosed MM patients, we evaluated the immunophenotype of PCs at baseline, and for a subset of 35 patients MRD at post-induction was quantified and analyzed for association with outcomes and survival.The software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for all the statistical analysis. Immunophenotyping showed strong positive expression of CD56 (83%), CD200 (94%), CD38 (92%), and CD117 (91%) and negative/weak expression of CD19 (83%), CD45 (89%), CD27 (74%), and CD81 (90%) respectively. Negative/weak expression of CD19 was significantly associated with age ≥56 years (p<0.048), with lower albumin (<3.4g/dL, p<0.001). Strong positive CD56 expression was significantly associated with the presence of M-protein (p<0.03). Strong positive CD117 expression was significantly associated with lower albumin (p<0.02). Strong positive CD200 expression was significantly associated with a good response (p<0.02). The median (IQR) value of bone marrow (BM)-MRD% was 0.005 (0.002-0.034). We found that there was no significant difference in the correlation, association, and survival outcomes with MRD%. This study sheds light on the utility of IPT as an invaluable diagnostic tool in disease management. The findings of this study could be important when it comes to modifying the criteria for high-risk diseases and implementing a risk-adapted first therapy in clinical practice.

Impact of Depression on Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)-Associated Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia.

Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal chronic disorder associated with symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation. One of the factors that could affect the pathogenesis of IBS is depression, a common psychological disorder that causes social and physical disability and affects productivity. A number of Saudi teachers were found to have depression, which was linked with multiple risk factors including chronic illnesses. However, there is limited data that exhibits the association between IBS and depression, specifically. Therefore, our study aims to determine the impact of depression on IBS-associated gastrointestinal symptoms in Makkah City schools, Saudi Arabia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we used two validated scales and translated them into Arabic and then we distributed them to our targeted population. Our sample size was determined to be 383 but we succeeded in recruiting 477 participants in our study. Data were statistically analyzed using the statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Generally, participants who demonstrated mild levels of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression scale corresponded significantly with minimal/mild and moderate levels of Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale-IBS (GSRS-IBS) scores (n = 85 and 76, respectively; p ˂ 0.001), while participants who scored moderately on the PHQ-9 depression scale corresponded significantly with a severe level of GSRS-IBS scores (n = 29; p ˂ 0.001). Conclusion Our study found a significant association between different levels of depression and IBS among participants with a positive history of IBS. Further studies about the prevalence of IBS, depression, and the nature of their relationship are strongly recommended, in addition to the necessity of a suicide risk assessment for those with severe depression.

Effectiveness of Structured Intervention Module on Video Game Addiction among Adolescents in Nepal

Introduction: Online gaming addiction has been associated with several detrimental effects in teenagers, such as worsening mental health, elevated levels of psychoticism, anxiety, and depression, strained family relationships, reduced quality of life, an increase in social anxiety, subpar academic performance, and enhanced sleep deprivation. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a structured intervention module on video game addiction among adolescents. Methods: A true experimental investigation was conducted among 348 adolescents from the control and 348 adolescents from the experimental group. The questionnaire was developed using the Gaming Addiction Scale. Data were coded, entered, and analysed using the Software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test). Results: The mean age of the participants in the control group and experimental group were 17.3, and 18.3 respectively. The majority of the participants were male in both the control and experimental groups (52.6% and 55.7%). About 39.7% of adolescents from the control group and 29.6% of the adolescents from the intervention group were studying in twelve standards. The majority of the participants in both the control and experimental groups started playing video games at the age of 7 to 8 years. The most popular mode of video game play among the participants in the control (61.5%) and experimental groups (60.3%), was online. Multi-player was highly preferred by study participants in both the control group (71.6%) and the experimental group (74.1%). After receiving interventions, video game addiction reduced significantly among the experimental group, from 42% to 25% during the post-test. However, the status of video game addiction remained constant among the control group at 46.3%. During post-tests, the study found that there was a significant difference in the mean scores between the control group (3.7±0.6) and the experimental group (1.9±0.7). The difference was found to be statistically significant (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: The study showed that the structured intervention module was effective in reducing gaming addiction among adolescents in the experimental group. This study highlights that intervention modules can help reduce gaming addiction levels among adolescents.

Public Perception in Saudi Arabia Toward Herpes Zoster and Its Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Herpes zoster (HZ) or shingles, arises from the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV), mainly affecting older and immunocompromised individuals. Despite the efficacy of vaccines, vaccination rates in Saudi Arabia are low. Thus, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the Saudi Arabian population toward HZ and its vaccination. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the public perception in Saudi Arabia toward HZ and its vaccination, during the period from January to March 2024. Participants were selected using a non-probability, convenience sampling method, with recruitment facilitated through WhatsApp, a messaging app. Data has been analyzed using the statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). A p-value of <0.05 has been used to report the statistical significance. Results The study's demographic profile included 1237 participants, predominantly younger than 30 years (65.5%), with a female majority (65.7%). Public knowledge about HZ was limited, only 29.6% of participants recognized the risk of HZ post-chickenpox. More than half of the participants were not aware that the vaccine is provided by the Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) for certain groups. However, over 75% are willing to receive the HZ vaccine upon physician recommendation. Conclusion This study shows a general lack of awareness about HZ and its vaccination in Saudi Arabia, including misconceptions about vaccination availability, recommendations, and the disease's complications. Gender differences in attitude and interest highlight the potential for tailored educational campaigns. Addressing these issues is essential for improving vaccination rates and mitigating HZ's impact.

IJCM_359A: Pattern of Congenital Anomalies among newborn babies - A Hospital based study

Background: Congenital anomalies can be defined as structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified prenatally. Some of the congenital anomalies may be life threatening, hence an immediate management is required. This study is to determine the pattern of congenital anomalies among newborn babies and factors associated with it. Methodology: It was a descriptive study carried out at KMC Hospital, Attavar on all the new born babies with congenital abnormalities born or admitted in KMC Attavar. Data extraction sheet had two sections including the maternal details, history of newborn related to type of congenital anomalies and condition of the baby at birth. Data was entered and analyzed by using statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 11.5. Descriptive statistics like mean, proportions and standard deviation was used for expressing the results. Results: We found that 56.25% of the cases were of maternal age group &lt;30years. 3.16% were non-consanguinous marriages, 56.46% of mothers were primiparous &amp; 43.53% were multiparous. Only 18.40% had maternal co morbidities &amp; 5.84% had hazardous exposure. 67% of the study population were males and 33% were females. In cases where single system was involved, 66.85% were males and 33.15% were females. In cases with multiple malformations, 67.56% were males and 32.43% were females. In the cases where maternal age was &lt;30yrs, 22.85% of anomalies were in the cardiovascular system, and in ≥30yr, 29.63% were multiple malformations. Conclusion: Among the congenital anomalies affecting the newborns, the most affected single system is gastrointestinal tract followed by cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal system. Multiple malformations were found to be the highest. Congenital anomalies were found to be more in males than females. In maternal age group of less than 30yrs, highest number of anomalies were in the cardiovascular system and for more than/equal 30yrs, highest number was multiple malformations.

IJCM_34A: Usage of complementary / alternative medicine (CAM) and perception towards it among cancer patients admitted in tertiary care hospitals

Background: Cancer being a deadly disease, cancer victims face great challenges with respect to their routines, roles and relationships. The usage of other means to cure illness is called complementary and alternative medicine or CAM. This study is done to determine the proportion and usage pattern of CAM for cancer treatment and to assess the perception towards CAM among cancer patients. Methodologys: It was a Descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out among cancer patients admitted to tertiary care hospitals attached to a medical college. The interview schedule was prepared which consists of four sections including the socio-demographic details, details about the diagnosis and treatment of cancer among the study participants, details about the usage pattern of Complementary medicine, and the perception of cancer victims towards Complementary medicine for cancer treatment. Data will be entered and analyzed by using the statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 11.5. Results: Out of 105 participants majority of cancer patients,74 (70%) of them were of the age group between 40- 70 years. 65% of the patients had addictions among which 60 (90.9%) were addicts for more than 10 years. The majority of the patients underwent radiotherapy 85 (81.0%), followed by Chemotherapy 72 (68.6%), The number of patients that have used CAM in our study was found to be 12 (11.4%). Many of them chose Ayurveda as their type of CAM 5 (41.7%) followed by home remedies usage 4 (25%). 39 (38.5%) believe that there should be more evidence that CAM works while 38 (33.8%) don’t need any evidence about it. 45 (42.9%) feel that CAM treatment does not work in the treatment of cancer while 35 (33.3%) remained neutral in this aspect. 85 (81.0%) are satisfied with present cancer treatment. 78 (74.3%) agreed that Modern medicine is most effective for treatment of cancer. Conclusion: The usage of CAM in our study was found to be minimal. The majority of the participants are satisfied with modern medicine and most of the patients are satisfied with allopathic treatment.

IJCM_169A: Correlation of sonographic renal dimensions with anthropometric measurements among individuals without renal disorders

Background: Normal kidney dimensions are suggestive of normal kidney function. Degree of kidney function has a positive correlation with ultrasonic renal measurements. Co-morbid conditions affect the renal size. Therefore it becomes necessary to establish normal values of kidney dimensions for the diagnosis, prognosis and also as an early indication of renal diseases in order to prevent them. Objectives: To study the renal dimensions and association with socio- demographic conditions among the outpatient attendees in the study hospital. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done among the attendees of KMC Hospitals, Mangalore. Data extraction sheet included the socio-demographic details, Anthropometric measurements, personal history, history of comorbidities and sonographic dimensions of Kidney and laboratory findings of Renal Function Test. Data was entered and analyzed by using statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 29.0. Results: Out of 194 participants, 118(60.8%) were males. The difference between corresponding kidney lengths of males and females is found to be statistically significant. The length and anteroposterior dimension of left kidney is greater than right kidney and the difference is statistically significant. When the kidney lengths and the heights of the individual were correlated a positive correlation was obtained, (0.278) in case of right kidney and (0.245) in case of left kidney. Conclusion: Kidney length had positive correlation with height and BMI. Female kidney length was significantly smaller than the male kidney length. There was significant variation between right and left kidney lengths.

From Paper to Screen and from Pen to Keyboard: Digital Reading and Word Processing among Moroccan EFL Learners

The paper in hand aims at exploring Moroccan EFL learners' attitudes towards digital reading and word processing as well as the benefits and challenges associated with these two recently spread practices. A convenience sampling technique was utilized by the researchers of the present study to select a sample consisting of 64 EFL learners belonging to the School of Languages, Literature, and Arts, Kenitra. This sample involved 34 males and 30 females whose ages ranged between 21 and 52 years old. The participants were asked to fill out a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire divided into two sections, namely digital reading and word processing. The collected data were then analyzed using the 26th version of Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS). The findings of the survey indicate that the participants hold positive attitudes towards digital reading and word processing. They also reveal that the informants face challenges in digital reading similar to those they encounter in word processing.

Improving the Performance of Worker in the E-commerce Industry Through Leadership Role, Creativity and Learning Culture

Objective: This research aims to analyze the influence of transformational leadership on employee creativity, which is moderated by knowledge sharing. Method: This research uses two combined research methods, namely exploratory research and descriptive research. Researchers combined non-probability sampling and judgment sampling. Researchers collected data through questionnaires and interviews. Researchers will process the data in this research using the factor analysis method with SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) software. Results and Discussion: Applying the transformational leadership style positively influences employee creativity. Apart from that, the knowledge-sharing variable also plays an important role in increasing employee creativity. Although some indicators of knowledge sharing fall into the good category while others are in the neutral category, they still positively contribute to employee creativity. Hypothesis testing shows that transformational leadership, with its four dimensions, has a positive and significant effect on employee creativity. However, the knowledge sharing variable does not strengthen the relationship between the influence of transformational leadership on employee creativity and is also not a moderator of the influence between the two. Research Implications: This study can provide a deeper understanding of how transformational leadership style and knowledge sharing can interact to influence employee creativity, especially in the context of organizations led by superiors and populated by generation Y employees. This research can also provide insight for companies in developing leadership strategies and a work culture that can increase creativity and innovation in the workplace. Originality/Value: This research adds significant value by combining two main concepts, namely transformational leadership and knowledge sharing, and applying them in the context of rapidly developing e-commerce companies. By not only examining the direct influence of transformational leadership on employee creativity but also looking at how knowledge sharing can moderate this relationship, this research provides a more comprehensive picture of the factors that influence creativity in organizations.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Surgical Site Infection in Post Caesarean Mothers

Post-cesarean surgical site infection after cesarean delivery is a surgical problem that significantly contributes to maternal morbidity and mortality. In Uganda, admissions due to surgical site infection following cesarean section have been constant activities of health care facilities, but again, there are limited facts on the factors associated with it, making preventive measures less effective. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the risk factors for post-cesarean section surgical site infection at Fort Portal regional referral hospital, Uganda. A cross-sectional study with a retrospective record review was conducted. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science Software (SPSS) version 26. Post-cesarean section surgical site infection was measured based on the disease classification and definition of the term by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. After checking for the presence and degree of association of factors with outcomes, variables were computed through logistic regression analysis. Factors with a P value &lt;= 0.2 in the bi-variable logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis, and those variables with a P value of &lt;0.05 in the multivariable analysis were considered statistically significant. From the medical records of women who underwent cesarean sections, 77 (12.4%) of them developed surgical site infections. Rural residence [(AOR = 2.30, 95%CI: (1.29, 4.09)], duration of labor greater than 24 hours [(AOR = 3.48, 95%CI: (1.49, 8.09)], rupture of membrane&gt;12 hours [(AOR = 4.61, 95%CI: (2.34, 9.09)], hypertension [(AOR = 3.14, 95%CI: (1.29, 7.59)], and preoperative hemocrit &lt;= 30% [(AAOR = 3.22, 95%CI: (1.25, 8.31)] were factors significantly associated with post-cesarean section surgical site infections. The magnitude of post-cesarean section surgical site infection was a significant problem in Fort Portal regional referral hospital. Minimizing prolonged labor, minimizing early rupture of membranes, properly managing patients with comorbidities like hypertension, strengthening prophylaxis and treatment for anemia during antenatal care, and raising awareness among rural residents can reduce the problem. Zonal policy makers should place emphasis on reducing its burden as well as the provision of qualified health care personnel by the government for better prevention and treatment. Keywords: Cesarean delivery, Post-cesarean, Surgical site infection, Bacteria infection

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Intra-axial Gliomas With Histopathological Correlation in a Tertiary Care Center of Eastern Nepal.

Background and objective Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a magnetic resonance imaging technique used to identify in vivo metabolites non-invasively within the tissue of interest. It plays an important role in diagnosing brain lesions, particularly tumors and infections. There are certain metabolites whose levels are increased or decreased in brain tumors, the ratios of which can also be used to grade the tumors as high- or low-grade. This study aimed to assess the spectrum of different metabolites in intraaxial gliomas using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and to assess the usefulness of their ratios for grading gliomas into high-grade and low-grade. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the radiology department of Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal over one year (September 2019 to September 2020). Thirty-five patients diagnosed as having intra-axial tumors were enrolled. After taking informed consent the examination findings were recorded in structured proforma. Siemens' 3 Tesla open magnet MAGNETOM Skyra (Siemens Healthineers AG, Munich, Germany) MR scanner was used to evaluate each patient. Data was analyzed using the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Out of 35 patients scanned, 18 had high-grade glioma and 17 had low-grade glioma. High-grade glioma had a choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) ratio of 2.44 ± 0.78 and a choline/N-acetyl-aspartate (Cho/NAA) ratio of 2.05 ± 0.84. Low-grade glioma had a Cho/Cr ratio of 1.48 ± 0.50 and a Cho/NAA ratio of 1.41 ± 0.19. Fourteen out of eighteen high-grade gliomas had raised lipid/lactate peaks. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), and accuracy for diagnosing high-grade glioma with a Cho/Cr ratio cut-off of 1.5 was 83.3 %, 82.4%, 83.3%,82.4 %, and 82.85% respectively. Conclusion MRS metabolite ratios can be used to diagnose and grade gliomas. Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA, and the presence or absence of lipid/lactate peak can significantly improve the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and accuracy of preoperative glioma grading when used in conjunction with conventional MRI.

The Effect of Financial Literacy, E-Money Use and Self-Control on Consumptive Behavior

Consumptive behavior is the act of consuming an item or service excessively with high intensity that tends to prioritize wants over needs. The study aims to determine the effect of financial literacy, e-money usage, and self-control on the consumptive behavior of accounting students in Batam city. The total population was 1,354 accounting students with a sample of 93 accounting students. This study uses a quantitative approach with simple random sampling technique using primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires online using google form. The data in this study were processed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) software version 26. The data analysis technique in this study used validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test and hypothesis testing. The results of the t test research explain that financial literacy and the use of e-money partially have no effect on the consumptive behavior of accounting students. Self-control partially affects the consumptive behavior of accounting students. The results of the F test research explain that financial literacy, e-money usage, self-control simultaneously have a significant effect on the consumptive behavior of accounting students with a percentage of 17.9% and the remaining 82.1% is influenced by other variables.

Effects of Martial Arts Participation among College Students Psychological Stress

In modern society, college students are facing more and more psychological pressure, which has a negative impact on their physical and mental health. However, martial arts, as an ancient and comprehensive form of physical activity, has been shown to have positive effects on mental health. Therefore, it is of great practical value to study the influence of wushu participation on the psychological stress of college students. In this study, 388 students were randomly selected and the collected data were analyzed by descriptive correlation design and SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software. Overall, participants experienced some level of stress in all three areas, with slightly higher stress in their academic life, lower stress in their social life, and moderate stress in their family life. This highlights the importance of providing comprehensive support, including resources and assistance in academic, social and family matters, to promote the overall well-being and mental health of students. Through the study of the influence of Wushu participation on the psychological pressure of college students, it is found that improving physical fitness, releasing pressure, cultivating concentration and self-discipline ability, and providing social support are of great significance to alleviate the psychological pressure of college students.

Effect of i.v. Magnesium Sulphate versus i.v. Dexamethasone on Intraoperative Haemodynamic and Postoperative Analgesia after Spinal Anaesthesia in Lower Limb Surgeries: A Randomised Clinical Study

Introduction: Intrathecal adjuvants have gained favour in recent years with the goal of extending the duration of a block. Among these, Dexamethasone possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic action and can be given as an adjuvant to local anaesthetics to enhance the efficacy of regional anaesthesia, as well as to decrease the intensity of shivering. The addition of Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4 ) to spinal anaesthesia helps in improving postoperative analgesia in an orthopaedic setting. Aim: To compare the effects of Intravenously (i.v.) MgSO4 and i.v. dexamethasone on intraoperative haemodynamics, the time to achieve dermatome T10 intraoperatively, and to compare postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores between the two groups at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial was conducted, and patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group M (n=40): MgSO4 40 mg/kg given 15 minutes before spinal anaesthesia in 100 mL normal saline infusion i.v. Group D (n=40): Dexamethasone 8 mg given 15 minutes before spinal anaesthesia in 100 mL normal saline infusion i.v. The parameters assessed included haemodynamic parameters, time to achieve dermatome T10 intraoperatively, postoperative VAS score at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery, and any side-effects like sedation, respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, urinary retention, bradycardia, and hypotension. Statistical testing was conducted using the statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 28.0. Results: There was no significant difference in demographic variables (age and gender) between the two groups (p-value&gt;0.05). However, the decrease in mean heart rate, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MAP) was greater in group D compared to group M at different time intervals (p-value&lt;0.05). Additionally, dermatome level T10 was achieved earlier in group D by approximately two minutes compared to group M (6.95±0.39 minutes versus 5.03±0.16 minutes, respectively, p-value&lt;0.001). Conclusion: An i.v. infusion of 8 mg dexamethasone in 100 mL normal saline was more effective compared to an i.v. infusion of 40 mg/kg MgSO4 in terms of achieving more stable haemodynamics intraoperatively and achieving the T10 dermatome level earlier.

Individual Taxpayers’ Compliance Behaviour and Tax Revenue Generation in Akwa Ibom State

The problem of tax evasion and non-compliance by individual taxpayer has created significant challenges for the Akwa Ibom Staten tax system. Based on this study examined that relationship between individual taxpayers’ compliance behavior and tax revenue generation in Akwa Ibom State. Specifically, the study ought to determine the relationship between knowledge of tax obligation and tax collection efficiency in Akwa Ibom State, to ascertain the relationship between perceived ease of tax procedures and tax collection efficiency in Akwa Ibom State and to assess the relationship between perception of tax fairness and tax collection efficiency in Akwa Ibom State. This study adopted the survey design. Purposively, a sample of one-hundred and forty-five (145) tax officials/experts was drawn in order to attain the study objectives. The data collected was coded, transformed and analyzed using multiple regression via Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) and presented by use of tables. The study findings revealed that knowledge of tax obligation has a positive significant relationship (Coeff. =0.171{0.035}) with tax collection efficiency in Akwa Ibom State while perceived ease of tax procedures has a positive significant relationship (Coeff. =0.228{0.005}) with tax collection efficiency in Akwa Ibom State. It also revealed that perceived ease of tax fairness has a positive significant relationship (Coeff. =0.267{0.001}) with tax collection efficiency in Akwa Ibom State. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the F-change test showed that the overall effect was statistically significant (p-value = 0.000&lt;0.05) and was however concluded that taxpayers’ compliance behavior plays a significant role in enhancing tax revenue generation in Akwa Ibom State. The study recommended, amongst others, that tax authorities should streamline and simplify the tax filing process by creating user-friendly online platforms, providing clear instructions, and reducing unnecessary complexities.

THE INFLUENCE OF PERPETRATOR IDENTITY ON ADOLESCENT SCHOOLGIRLS’ SEXUAL HARASSMENT COPING STRATEGIES IN MBULU TOWN COUNCIL, MANYARA REGION

The widespread reports of school adolescents being victimized by sexual harassment have raised concerns towards understanding how adolescents cope with such incidents. This study assessed the influence of perpetrator identity on the likelihood of schoolgirls employing certain sexual harassment coping strategies. A cross-sectional descriptive survey design was utilized in this study. The target population constituted of adolescent ordinary level secondary schoolgirls in Mbulu Town Council and the sample size was 400 girls. The sampling procedure was a two stages cluster sampling. The data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by binary logistic regression using the statistical package for social science software (SPSS). Perpetrator identities were found to influence coping strategies adopted by schoolgirls. Senior students revealed an association with normalization coping strategy while strangers were associated with engagement coping strategy. Classmates, teachers, senior students and strangers were associated with detachment coping strategy, whereas non-teaching staff was associated with help-seeking coping strategy. It is recommended that adolescents should be provided with sexuality education so as to mitigate the tendency of normalizing harassment in peer relationships. Also, further interventions should focus on emphasizing the usage of help seeking strategy rather than detachment. Moreover, boarding schools could be a potential solution for preventing encounters with strangers to and from school.