Statistical Processing Methods Research Articles

МЕТОДИ ВІЙСЬКОВО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ НАУКОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ

The article authors basing on the analysis of recent publications and the scientific research results of pedagogical and military-pedagogical issues, establish that there are almost no fundamental methodological studies in military-pedagogical science. It is noted that integration processes are observed in the application of methodological tools. The author's team draws readers' attention to the fact that modern military-pedagogical science uses methods of scientific search, which are actively used by such sciences as logic, sociology, psychology, economics and some others. The article describes and provides examples of the application of a number of methods that are used by the above mentioned sciences. Such methods are: the method of expert assessments, which allows to obtain and summarize the opinions of experts on the subject of scientific research; systematisation and classification, which allows to organize many phenomena, processes, and facts; forecasting, which is based on actions to obtain, process and generate information about the future; monitoring, which is a continuous and long-term observing of the course of military-pedagogical events and processes; sociometric method, which is used for intra-group processes diagnostics; content analysis, it is a method of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the content of a document that allows to perform an off-text reality deep analysis; methods of mathematical and statistical processing of the obtained empirical data. In conclusion, the authors note the need for a thorough methodological study of the features of applying the military-pedagogical scientific methods, the results of which would be used as representatives of militarypedagogical theory and practice.

Elements of correlation analysis in the assessment of digital inequality of some regions of Russia

Subject: specific socio-economic relations mediating the processes of digital inequality of the regions of the Siberian Federal District in the context of correlation analysis. The goal of the research: conducting a comprehensive assessment and identifying the correlation between digitalization ratings and indicators of socio-economic development of Russian regions (according to the Siberian Federal District) in order to substantiate an effective mechanism for smoothing the regional level of digital inequality. The methodology is based on the principles, methods and approaches of correlation analysis, statistical methods of information processing, as well as on the analysis of secondary sources of information about the socio-economic situation of the region and the level of development of information and communication technologies in it. Results. The data on the presence of digital inequality in the regions of the Siberian Federal District were updated. The relationship between the level of development of information and communication technologies and the socio-economic situation of the territories is revealed, which determines the important role of eliminating the digital inequality in improving the economic security of the regions. The importance of increasing the ICT budgets of the regions of the Siberian Federal District is grounded. The study showed that successful experience in overcoming the digital divide includes measures aimed at: increasing the availability of ICT, increasing the penetration rate of digital services, increasing the share of competent ICT specialists, which contributes to the sustainable economic development of the subject of the Federation. Conclusions: the use of elements of correlation analysis makes it possible to identify the cause-and-effect relationships of regional digital inequality, the task in conditions of significant territorial fragmentation and differentiation of the socio-economic situation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Programs to bridge the digital divide should be backed by an appropriate mechanism to ensure the construction of network infrastructure and the penetration of the digital space into remote areas and rural areas, in parallel with the improvement of the general digital literacy of the population. As practice shows, the mechanism of leveling, smoothing the level of digital inequality inevitably entails an increase in economic activity, an increase in the economic security of regions, an increase in their competitiveness in the local, all-Russian and world markets.

History of ductile-to-brittle transition problem of ferritic steels

This paper presents a review of different approaches through history concerning DTB transition phenomenon of ferritic steels and their characterization using FM concept, from the earliest studies based on LEFM to the application of the EPFM concept. The large scattering of the experimental fracture toughness data, characteristic of all ferritic steels in the transition temperature region, has imposed the need of including statistical methods for data processing. Such approach that began in the 1970s can be encountered even nowadays as the base of fracture toughness data interpretation in DTB problems. An overview of studies with statistical interpretation of experimental data in the transition temperature region is also given. Aforementioned provides a foundation for novel approaches in DTB transition problems, which include size effects and scaling of geometrically similar specimens.

Organisational and pedagogical conditions for the development of reflexive analysis in high school students based on media content

Introduction. The aim of the study is theoretical substantiation and experimental confirmation of the efficiency of the compiled programme for the development of reflexive analysis in high schoolers, as based on media content material. This goal is relevant in practical and theoretical aspects, since its achievement is aimed at solving the problem of creating organisational and pedagogical conditions for the formation of reflexive analysis in high school students. The development of reflexive analysis in adolescence is important for a teenager to understand himself/herself, his/her internal state, feelings, emotions, to control and regulate his/her actions, develop his/her internal world, communication sphere and interaction with others. Materials and research methods. The following methods were used in the research: analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature on the problem of research, generalisation of pedagogical experience of creating conditions for the development of reflexive analysis in the process of mass media education, questioning in a group of students, pedagogical observation, expert evaluation method, group work organisation methods, group discussion, analysis of the process, results and products of students’ activity. Methods of mathematical and statistical processing: χ2 test. The survey involved 29 high school students of the municipal budget-funded educational institution Secondary School № 12 of Krasnoyarsk (Russian Federation). Research results. A concept for the development of reflexive analysis based on the material of media content was developed. An attempt was made to develop a unique complex for teaching the basics of media education to the students within the framework of preparation for the work at the school press centre. This process focuses on the development of students’ reflexive abilities within three stages: theoretical, polemical and practical. An original media course is presented, where the students master six components of reflexive analysis: the intension to master own activity, a component involving constructing, schematisation, organisation, objectivation, and a creative component (according to N.V. Galkina). The media course consists of three blocks: exploring concepts, modelling of discussion and creation of own media product. The efficiency of the developed course was proved (χ2 = 12.882; p < 0.05), which enables us to confirm a connection between the effective testing of the special media course and the increased levels of reflexive analysis: intension to master own activity, construction, organisation, schematisation, objectivation, creativity. Conclusion. New data have been obtained that allow creating due organisational and pedagogical conditions for the development of reflexive analysis in high school students. They can be based on a reviewed concept of reflexive analysis relative to the work with media content; on a complex media course, developed and tested, in which high school students master the components of reflexive analysis by discovering new media concepts, modelling discussions in the media sphere, creating unique media products.

The Influence of the Covid-19 Pandemic on General Trends in the Functioning and Competitiveness of Private Clinics

This article aims to examine the impact of the pandemic on competition in the medical services market of the Sumy region, which is ranked among the Ukrainian regions with small medical personnel and low socio-economic development. This study involved marketing research methods (surveys and content analysis), statistical methods for information processing, factor analysis, and alternatives analysis. The results unveiled the intense competition for patients and medical staff in the healthcare market of the Sumy region. The organization’s competitiveness before the pandemic was assessed by factors such as «the doctors’ treatment of patients and their qualifications» and «the availability of necessary medical services». During the pandemic, the essential factor in choosing a medical institution was «patient safety, reducing the risk of coronavirus». Before the pandemic, the competition between medical organizations was most influenced by the population paying capacity and the shortage of qualified medical personnel. Private clinics ranked below public clinics in delivering a wide range of medical services because of the lack of medical specialists. However, the pandemic has strengthened the position of private clinics through two factors. First, private clinics have expanded their range of services through narrow specialists who have moved from public institutions to private clinics. Second, private clinics have provided a higher level of client safety through a tight filter for patients with symptoms of coronavirus infection. Besides, using remote technologies by medical organizations has become a competitive advantage. The authors noted that remote technologies in healthcare are not common in the Sumy region and Ukraine in general, as patients distrust this service. This study is of practical value because it allows assessing the impact of global challenges on healthcare development in the regions to assess private medicine competitiveness changes. In addition to its practical value, private market research, especially in times of pandemic threat, confirms or rejects some theoretical hypotheses aimed at analyzing the performance of the private sector in health care facilities. This work opens new avenues for a deeper study of the similarities between private and public health facilities, especially in the face of legal and pandemic constraints.

ОПЛАТА ТРУДА РАБОТНИКОВ УГОЛЬНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ: РЕЗУЛЬТАТ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ДИАЛОГА

The subject of the study is the wages of coal industry workers. The purpose of this article is to review the current state of remuneration of employees of coal mining companies since the coal industry is one of the key sectors of the Russian economy. In particular, the article considers the implementation of certain provisions established in the Federal Sectoral Agreement on the Coal Industry for 2019-2021 (extended and valid until 2024). The relevance of the study is due to the fact that one of the main subjects of collective bargaining and the most important indicator of labor is wages – a key and constantly improving tool for stimulating employees. The improvement of the remuneration system is a "living" process that should contribute to the creation of a remuneration system that encourages employees to high work results and ensures a decent standard of living for employees and the principle of equal pay for work of equal value (Article 22 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), in order to implement state guarantees for remuneration and attract qualified specialists in organizations. The research methods to achieve the set goals and objectives are structural analysis, systematic and comparative approaches, methods of statistical information processing. In the course of the research, the authors obtained the following results: the main financial, economic, and socio-economic indicators characterizing the industry were determined; the main trends in the remuneration of workers inherent in the industry were identified; options for setting the tariff rate of the first category in the Federal Industry Agreement were proposed. The authors draw conclusions about the need to develop more detailed industry agreements, as they contribute to an increase in the level of guarantees for employees, including in the field of remuneration.

Методика корректировки нормативной периодичности технического обслуживания автотранспортных средств на основе данных о фактическом расходе топлива

Abstract. The use of reasonable standards for the technical operation of motor vehicles is the key to improving the efficiency of the transport process. Due to the fact that a number of standards for the technical operation of vehicles have not been updated for many years, an urgent problem is the improvement of methods for rationing the technological parameters of the technical operation of vehicles. The purpose of the study is: improving the efficiency of the operation of motor vehicles based on the development and implementation of a methodology for adjusting the frequency of maintenance by the amount of actual fuel consumption. The approach proposed by the authors is based on the hypothesis that the work performed by the nodes and aggregates of vehicles is equivalent to the total fuel consumption. Therefore, the use of this parameter as an argument for the function of determining the frequency of preventive actions allows us to more fully take into account the operating conditions of vehicles, the nature of the transport work performed, technical, resource and design features. Methods of mathematical analysis and statistical processing of the results of field surveys were used to develop a methodology for adjusting the frequency of preventive effects by the amount of total fuel consumption. As a result of the work done: a new methodological approach to the appointment of the frequency of preventive actions by the amount of total fuel consumption is proposed; a methodology for adjusting the basic norms of the frequency of maintenance of motor vehicles based on data on actual fuel consumption is developed, which allows to establish the values of total fuel consumption that determine the need for preventive maintenance. The scientific novelty of the work is: – methodical approach to the appointment of the frequency of preventive actions by the amount of total fuel consumption; – methodology for determining the values of total fuel consumption, determining the need to perform preventive actions; – the values of the coefficient of reduction of fuel consumption when driving on a standard driving cycle to the conditions of traffic on the highway, defined for different categories of vehicles and necessary for the practical application of the developed methodology. The practical significance of the results of the study is determined by a new approach to the appointment of the frequency of maintenance, which allows more fully to take into account the actual operational factors affecting the resource characteristics of vehicles. Based on the results of practical application of the developed methodology, it was found that when operating KAVZ-4235 buses in the city, the frequency of TO-2 can be increased by 30%, and outside the suburban area by 45%. Based on the data obtained, recommendations have been developed for the practical application of the presented methods for correcting the regulatory periodicity of the total fuel consumption. Forecast calculations of the frequency of technical services of the categories of vehicles under consideration have been performed.

ОЦЕНКА СОСТОЯНИЯ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОПРОСА СТУДЕНТОВ

The analysis of the attitude of 147 first- and third-year students to the distance education system was carried out through a voluntary selective anonymous sociological survey based on the author’s questionnaire. Alternative and correlation analysis were used as statistical methods of information processing. The results obtained are largely due to the behavioral model in relation to learning, the age of students, their educational activity, the degree of development of motivation, self-discipline and consciousness, as well as the involvement and competence of the teacher. The integration of elements of online learning into the traditional educational process will in the future increase the efficiency of assimilation of medical knowledge and optimize the curriculum of specialist training.

Clinical Observation of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Risk Factors and Cytotoxin-Associated Protein A in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.

The aim was to analyze the infection, influencing factors, and clinical manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection, coronary heart disease, and cytotoxin-associated protein A infection, so as to provide reference for the improvement of clinical diagnosis and treatment level of in-depth treatment. This paper presents a clinical observation method based on Helicobacter pylori infection, risk factors, and cytotoxin-associated protein A in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods. 237 patients with CHD diagnosed and tested by 14C breath test were selected from inpatients of cardiovascular diseases in a hospital for retrospective analysis. The clinical data, serum deepening indicators, Hcy, and other factors were analyzed through general condition investigation, previous history investigation, and physical examination. The patients were observed by the SPSS22.0 statistical data processing method. The results showed that among the respondents, 175 cases were HP-positive, the infection rate was 73.8%, 77 patients with stable angina pectoris were 64.9%, and 160 patients with acute coronary heart disease were 78.1%. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Helicobacter pylori cytotoxic-associated protein A can increase the risk of gastric cancer, and Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment is more conducive to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer and ensure the safety of patients.

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ ПОЛИТИКА НА РЫНКЕ ТРУДА В СТРАНАХ ЕС: ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ

The aim of this paper is to determine the prospects for the development of employment programmes in the labour market and the directions for their transformation in the EU countries. The author uses general scientific methods, methods of statistical processing of information, graphical methods, and comparative analysis. The information base of the study includes statistical data and materials of international organizations (UN, ILO, Eurostat, European Commission). The research results: the article presents an analysis of labour market policy measures in the EU countries during periods of sustainable development and economic crises; considers the structure and dynamics of expenditures on various programmes and the number of their participants; identifies the government labour market policy trends and the features of its implementation in countries with developed market economies and in post-socialist countries; presents assessments of the prospects for labour market policies in the EU countries in the face of new challenges. The author concludes about the prospects for labour market policy in the EU countries in the face of new challenges and about the possibilities of using the EU experience in developing active labour market policy measures in Russia. The scope of application: the research results can be used by Russian federal and regional executive authorities in the development of active labour market policy measures.

Mechanism for Identifying Threats to the Economic Security of a Digital Enterprise in an Innovative Business Environment

Relevance. The fourth technical revolution, in the realities of which active digitalization processes are taking place, radically changes modern ideas about business and the economy, as activities are conducted in new conditions. Business entities adapt to innovative business models, the processes in which fit into the concept of Industry 4.0 and entail a systematic redistribution of roles in the market in favor of innovation-oriented, highperformance, digital enterprises. New opportunities of digitalization inevitably generate new threats to the economic security of business entities, which are caused by the chaotic influence of factors, both external and internal environment, affect all aspects of activity and require timely identification to develop tools to reduce their consequences.The purpose of the study is a theoretical and methodological study of the issues of distinguishing among innovative forms of entrepreneurial activity a special type of enterprise - a "digital enterprise", with endowed features and a special structure, the features of which allow later to develop a mechanism for systematizing threats to economic security associated with the specifics of its activities for strategic development management.Objectives: to analyze statistical data on the level of digitalization of business in Russia; to formulate the author's approach to understanding the essence and features of a digital enterprise; to present the author's interpretation of the concept of "economic security of a digital enterprise", as well as to reveal the algorithm for identifying specific threats to the economic security of digital enterprises in order to subsequently manage them to ensure the pace of sustainable development of the enterprise.Methodology. The materials of the world rating reports and news agencies were used as part of the study. Standard methods of statistical processing were used. The method of classification and comparative analysis, as well as methods of structural-functional and strategic analysis are applied.Results. The article discusses the main trends of digitalization of business in Russia. The author's approach to understanding the definition of "digital enterprise" is formulated, its key features are highlighted. The systematization of threats to the economic security of digital enterprises is carried out on the basis of the selected features of a digital enterprise.Conclusions. A digital enterprise is a business entity based on the integration of physical and digital objects, which makes it possible to quickly adapt and implement global technological IT trends in order to ensure sustainable economic development. Digital enterprise is a concept that gives a huge advantage to companies that, following global trends, understand the importance of digitalization in doing business. The economic security of a digital enterprise is a complex, multifaceted concept, which should be understood as the resilience of the enterprise's potential to threats from the digital environment and the mechanism for their analysis, systematization and elimination.

Predictors of professional development for special and inclusive education pedagogues in the conditions of digital transformation of education

Introduction. The digital transformation of the educational system imposes new requirements caused by the need to implement new forms of subject-centered relations in the remedial pedagogical process (online learning, distance and mixed learning formats, active use of digital resources, etc.). At the same time, the possibility of professional growth and self-development and, consequently, the activity of the subjects of integrated pedagogical process, as well as the efficiency of their activities, are reduced. Purpose of the study: to analyse and evaluate the existing predictors of professional development for special and inclusive education pedagogues in the conditions of digital transformation of education. Materials and methods. The analysis and assessment of impact of the digital transformation of education on the professional development of special and inclusive education pedagogues was carried out through the content analysis of questioning results based on Google Forms. A total of 409 special (remedial, correctional) education teachers from different regions of the Russian Federation and post-soviet countries were interviewed. The average age of the respondents was 38 (92.9% women and 7.1% men). The obtained data were processed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software. The quantitative statistical processing method (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient) was used for statistical data processing. Results. The interpretation of the research results showed that the predictors of professional development identified in the respondents showed a specific correlation in such evaluation parameters as age, education level and service record. The correlation analysis values showed the existence of statistically significant relationship between the following indicators: attitude to one’s profession and educational level (r=0.32); educational level and competence development (r=0.395); competence development and age of the respondents (r=0.365). The undertaken content analysis made it possible to outline a range of problems accounting for the difficulties in realising the professional activity by special and inclusive education pedagogues in the conditions of digital transformation. It was established that the prognostically positive predictors of professional growth include: the level of general cultural and professional competencies, the level of preparedness for various types of professional activity, professional activity and motivation, organising skills, reflexivity. Conclusion. The undertaken research highlighted a number of regularities pointing to the need to create due conditions for timely professional development of special and inclusive education pedagogues. The results can be used for the development of methodological framework for the professional growth of this category pedagogues through digital technologies.

The use of augmented reality for the formation of multicultural competence of undergraduates

The problem and the aim of the study. The system Higher education of Russian Education adapts to the challenges of globalization and new priorities of society, the values of students from different countries, expands the range of pedagogical technologies and ways to include them in the educational process. For the training of highly qualified specialists, the development of multicultural competence as an integrated personal quality, mixed learning, 3D modeling, augmented and virtual reality are actively used in higher education. The purpose of the article is to investigate the features of the use of augmented reality for the formation of multicultural competence of undergraduates. Research methods. The theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific literature are used to identify the problems of using innovative pedagogical technologies for the development of professional and general cultural competencies of university graduates in the conditions of digitalization of society. The main idea is determined by the principle of multicultural education, which involves obtaining of new knowledge, intercultural interaction, the formation of a worldview, etc. in an environment of augmented reality. The Zome application is used as a software tool. The study of augmented reality and software implemented in the format of a quest. The experiment involved 42 students of the Vyatka State University of the training program 44.04.01 Pedagogical education (level of magistracy). As a method of statistical processing of the experimental data, the χ2 (chi-square) Pearson test was used. Results. In the experimental group, undergraduates used the tools of the AR-application to studies of fundamental theory, consolidations of professional skills, intercultural communications and joint activities. The assessment of the levels of digital literacy formation was made and statistically significant differences in the qualitative changes that occurred in the pedagogical system were revealed, χ2obs. 2 &gt; χ2crit0.05 (6, 27 &gt; 5,99). In conclusion, the features of the use of augmented reality as a new pedagogical technology for the formation of multicultural competence of undergraduates and improving the quality of education are summarized.

Formation of digital literacy of future teachers by means of cloud technologies

The problem and the aim of the study. The implementation of tutoring ideas that are extremely popular in the modern socio-economic situation in the digital educational space requires the teacher to move to a new level of professional skills, communication and information culture, network etiquette and experience in using software and hardware. To ensure the appropriate training of teachers, the development of the necessary personal qualities, improving the quality of education in higher education, new digital technologies are actively used: cloud services, interactive resources, etc. The purpose of the article is to investigate the features of the formation of digital literacy of future teachers by means of cloud technologies. Research methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific literature were used to identify the features of the training of future teachers, to determine the components of digital literacy. The method of pedagogization of information technologies, group interaction, mutual assessment and self-assessment are used to design and fill the "virtual classroom" with cloud service tools. The experiment involved 64 students of the Vyatka State University of the training program 44.03.01 Pedagogical education (bachelor level). The software tool is Google Classroom. As a method of statistical processing of the experimental data, the χ2 (chi-square) Pearson test was used. Results. In the experimental group, future teachers used Google Classroom tools to differentiate user access rights to content, organize and manage learning in a "virtual classroom" environment. The assessment of the levels of digital literacy formation was made and statistically significant differences in the qualitative changes that occurred in the pedagogical system were revealed, χ2obs. 2 &gt; χ2crit0.05 (7,07 &gt; 5,99). In conclusion, the features of the design and use of "virtual classrooms" implemented by Google Classroom tools for the formation of digital literacy of future teachers are summarized.

Investigating psychological characteristics of self-regulation in schoolchildren with cognitive disorders

Introduction. The authors investigate psychological characteristics of self-regulation in primary schoolchildren with cognitive impairments. The purpose of the article is to identify key determinants of the manifestation of self-regulation as the leading mechanism of adaptation. The results obtained can contribute to developing psychological support programs within school conditions and facilitate adaptive strategies of behavior and components of self-regulation. Materials and Methods. The methodological foundations of the research included leading positions of psychology about the formation of the behavior of children with cognitive disabilities. The research was carried out in the logic of the ascertaining psychological and educational experiment; the material obtained from the collection of empirical data was analyzed and generalized. The sample consisted of 456 schoolchildren aged between 8 and 11 years, who were divided into three groups: NID (normal intellectual development), MR (mental retardation) and MID (mild intellectual disability). The data obtained were interpreted and subjected to statistical analysis using various methods of mathematical and statistical processing: the reliability of differences according to statistical criteria, the F * angular transformation, the criterion for comparing the distribution of Pearson χ2 levels, correlation analysis, and the method of correlation pleiades. Results. The research findings include identifying the main psychological characteristics of self-regulation in primary schoolchildren with cognitive impairment. The research data enabled to develop self-regulation skills in schoolchildren with cognitive impairment. The results obtained are considered as a socio-psychological resource for improving cognitive health in primary schoolchildren. Conclusions. The study concludes that after identifying the psychological characteristics of self-regulation in primary schoolchildren with impaired cognitive health, it is possible to develop programs of psychological assistance for educational settings. The research data can be used within educational settings teaching children with cognitive disabilities to increase the effectiveness of classroom and extracurricular activities and their successful integration into society.

An original methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the use of concession mechanisms based on the stakeholder theory

Subject. The article addresses the methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the use of concession mechanisms based on the stakeholder theory in investment activities. Objectives. The purpose is to develop methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of investment process financing, using the concession mechanisms. Methods. I employ both general scientific methods of cognition and analytical, economic and statistical methods of information processing, based on the analysis of existing concession agreements. Results. The study defines a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the use of concession mechanisms on the basis of the theory of stakeholders. It enables to determine the limits and prospects for investing private investor's funds, taking into account the evaluation rating scale. Conclusions. The stability of investment activity is an important aspect. The analysis of the existing preliminary review of the current economic state of concession agreements revealed negative cause-and-effect relationships, which are associated essentially with the lack of awareness of the parties of successful implementation of investment projects. My unique methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the use of concession mechanisms based on the stakeholder approach aims at solving the above-mentioned problem and increasing the efficiency of investment project financing through a preliminary project assessment. It can be used in investment activities, in particular, in preparing and implementing concession agreements in the housing and utilities sector, construction of social institutions and transport infrastructure facilities.

Тестирование как эффективный метод оценивания качества учебных достижений студентов

Electronic educational resources including testing, which simplify the process of searching and structuring educational information have been used more often in educational organizations recently. They have made learning more accessible and interesting for students of higher and vocational education institutions, especially in the context of a pandemic. The article provides a brief theoretical justification of the advantages of testing students' academic achievements. The emphasis is placed on the importance of testing as a tool for remote control of students' knowledge, the advantages and disadvantages of using tests both in the educational process of higher and secondary vocational education and in order to control the acquired knowledge are revealed. The study was carried out by the authors on the basis of a comprehensive use of theoretical and empirical methods. The leading theoretical methods were: analysis, generalization, concretization, forecasting, modeling. The work used such empirical methods as conversations, pedagogical observation, questionnaires, expert evaluation, testing, analysis of performance, generalization of pedagogical experience, methods of statistical processing of experimental data. The results presented in the article of the study of testing of students of MPSU at the initial (entrance test), current and final stage of measuring the level of educational achievements of students demonstrated an increase in the values of the effectiveness of testing at all stages of its implementation, an increase in the effectiveness of test control at the intermediate and final stages of the study. The results of the study made it possible to formulate promising directions for the development of problems of testing the quality of education of students of higher and professional education organizations: improving the forms and methods of analysis and interpretation of test results based on the invariant application of test models: improving the psychological and pedagogical orientation of the use of the testing algorithm for personalized learning trajectories in the practice of mass education, etc.

Internal disorder pattern as a predictor of adaptation of disabled adults

The article is devoted to the problem of adaptation of disabled adults. The influence of personal characteristics on adaptation and the problems of including people in the Societas are usually studied. This publication examines the influence of the internal disorder pattern on adaptation. The internal disorder pattern is a complex of sensations, knowledge, experiences, motivational changes associated with the violation. The results of an empirical study involving 75 disabled adults are presented. The methods of conversation, survey and statistical processing were used. It was found that the severity of the components of the internal disorder pattern differs in groups of adults with different variants of dysontogeny. The greatest number of correlations was found between the adaptation parameters and the physical component of the internal disorder pattern. The physical component is a predictor of the overall level of adaptability, internality and emotional comfort. This is important for people with severe speech and hearing disorders. The cognitive component is a predictor of internal control in a group of people with hearing impairments. There was no influence of the components of the internal disorder pattern on adaptation in groups of people with visual impairment and mobility disabilities. It is suggested that this influence is mediated through personal characteristics and self-attitude.

Role of Statistical Methods in Pedagogical Research

The increasing role of statistical methods in social sciеnces and particularly in pedagogy cannot be argued. Especially in quantitative research, these methods provide a high degree of objectiveness and precision that cannot be achieved with other methods or procedures. That is why educationalists have to acquire deeper knowledge of the specifics of statistical methods and the features of their application. In the analysis of these aspects of pedagogical research in this article, the most commonly used statistical methods in them are outlined. For this purpose, the author has explored 96 doctoral dissertations with regard to the application of different statistical methods for data processing.

Expert-analytical approach to assessing activity of vitamin D based on determination of vitamin D associated links by indicators of water-electrolyte metabolism

The authors used the proposed method of mathematical and statistical processing of laboratory data (indicators of electrolyte metabolism and osteomarkers) of archived data of 82 patients with various bone diseases aged 9.90 ± 0.55 years compared the structural changes in the panel of ratios of individual electrolytes and the influence of individual indicators on them in personalized data, on the basis of which a conclusion was made about a single mechanism of coinciding influences in the exchange of bone tissue. At the same time, it was found that the complex of associated links detected by the vitamin influence on the panel of electrolyte ratios may differ signifcantly in some cases from each other. These differences consisted in highly pronounced differences in the activity of vitamin D in relation to various components of osteosynthesis and osteolysis, which are described in the modern literature. On this basis, the authors conclude that the used method (analytical system) allows to identify the functional connections of the dynamics of the indicator of vitamin D in individual cases with the dynamics of other indicators of bone, which signifcantly expands the informativeness of the results of laboratory examination of the patient in determining the leading systems the implementation of functional activity of the vitamin. The presented results justify the possibility of creating and describing different images of vitamin D-related changes in the plasma electrolyte composition, followed by their use in the identifcation of certain disorders of calcium metabolism and/or evaluating the effectiveness of the therapy used in each individual case.