Inferential Statistical Tests Research Articles

Work success and the physician-nurse professional relationship in emergency departments

Background. Considering the importance of physician-nurse relationship in emergency departments and its role in improving the quality of services, patient satisfaction, job success and staff satisfaction, this study was conducted to investigate nurses' attitude about the professional doctor-nurse relationship and career success of the nurses in emergency departments. Methods. This study is a descriptive study in which 197 nurses working in the emergency departments of hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences participated. Data collection tools included demographic characteristic; physician-nurse professional communication questionnaire and nurses' career success questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests with SPSS ver.21 statistical software. Results. The findings showed that the mean (SD) of the professional physician-nurse relationship from the perspective of participating nurses was 3.07 (0.54). Cooperating dimension with the mean score of 3.34 (0.79) had the highest score and imposing opinions and tasks dimension with the mean score of 2.62 (0.85) had the lowest score. Also, the mean (SD) score of nurses’ career success was 4.21 (0.40) with the highest mean in the dimension of system assistant 4.33 (0.55) and the lowest mean in the effective dimension 4.08 (0.41). Conclusion. Considering the importance of the professional physician-nurse relationship, it is necessary to pay more attention to the effective factors in its promotion by implementing interventions such as professional communication skills training and effective interaction in strengthening the professional relationship of the treatment team. Practical Implications. The results of this study can be used to improve professional communication between health care team members and their work success. As a result, in addition to increasing job satisfaction and improving the psychological condition of personnel, the safety of patients will also be increased and the amount of injuries caused by communication defects will be decreased.

The association between workload and quality of work life of nurses taking care of patients with COVID-19

BackgroundThe COVID-19 epidemic has brought significant changes and complexities to nurses’ working conditions. Given the crucial role of health workers, particularly nurses, in providing healthcare services, it is essential to determine the nurses’ workload, and its association with the quality of work life (QWL) during COVID-19 epidemic, and to explain the factors predicting their QWL.MethodsA total of 250 nurses, who provided care for patients with COVID-19 in Imam Hossein Hospital of Shahrud, and met the inclusion criteria, were considered the samples in the present cross-sectional study in 2021–2022. Data were collected using the demographic questionnaire, NASA Task Load Index (TLX), and Walton’s QWL questionnaire, which were analyzed using SPSS26 and based on descriptive and inferential statistical tests. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant for all cases.ResultsThe nurses’ mean scores of workload and QWL were 71.43 ± 14.15 and 88.26 ± 19.5, respectively. Pearson’s correlation test indicated a significant inverse relationship between workload and QWL (r=-0.308, p < 0.001). The subscales with the highest perceived workload scores were physical demand and mental demand (14.82 ± 8.27; 14.36 ± 7.43), respectively, and the subscale with the lowest workload was overall performance (6.63 ± 6.31). The subscales with the highest scores for QWL were safety and health in working conditions and opportunity to use and develop human capabilities (15.46 ± 4.11; 14.52 ± 3.84), respectively. The subscales with the lowest scores were adequate and fair compensation, work and total living space (7.46 ± 2.38; 6.52 ± 2.47), respectively. The number of children (β = 4.61, p = 0.004), work experience (β= -0.54, p = 0.019), effort (β = 0.37, p = 0.033) and total workload (β= -0.44, p = 0.000) explained 13% of the variance of nurses’ QWL.ConclusionsThe study’s findings showed that a higher workload score is associated with nurses’ lower perception of QWL. In order to improve the QWL of nurses, reducing the physical and mental demands of their workload and strengthening overall performance is necessary. Additionally, when promoting QWL, adequate and fair compensation and the work and living space should be considered. The researchers suggest that hospital managers should make more significant efforts to develop and promote the QWL of nurses. To achieve this goal, organizations can pay attention to other influential factors, primarily by increasing organizational support.

Statistical inference and large-scale multiple testing for high-dimensional regression models

Statistical inference and large-scale multiple testing for high-dimensional regression models

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STUDENTS TEAM ASSISTED DIVISION PADA KELAS VIRTUAL

This study aims to determine the use of the Students Team Assisted Division (STAD) type of cooperative learning model in a virtual classroom and its effect on learning outcomes of limit algebraic functions in class XI students of SMA Negeri 12 Ambon. This type of research is descriptive quantitative with experimental type Post Test Only Control Group Design. The population in this study were all students of class XI IPA SMA Negeri 12 Ambon. The research sample was 31 students in class XI IPA 1 and XI IPA 2. The results showed that descriptively the average percentage of the implementation of learning by teachers was 67%, and (2) the average percentage of student activity in online learning was 64% and ( 3) the difference in the average value of the experimental class and the control class is 6.42. Based on the inferential statistical test with independent t sample test calculations, the Sig value was obtained. (2-tailed) = 0.031 smaller than the value which means there is a significant difference between the learning outcomes of the experimental class and the control class. This difference shows that the use of STAD type cooperative learning in online learning has a higher contribution than conventional online learning

DIGITAL SECURITY IN EDUCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMS: A STUDY BASED ON FUTURE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS

A key aspect of future teacher training in this highly digitalized period of education requires a specific focus on digital skills, especially in the area of security. This study delves into this issue by means of a quantitative, theoretical and systematic review of future teachers currently in training at the Faculty of Education, Economy and Technology of Ceuta of the University of Granada (Spain). The specific intention is to determine their perception of the instruction they receive on digital matters, concretely on cybersecurity during their phase of pre-service. To carry out the project, the study resorted to a descriptive method by submitting the participants to a specifically designed questionnaire entitled “Digital Security Competence Required for Teachers”. Examinations of the psychometric properties of the questionnaire reveal its relevance and reliability. The intention, after applying descriptive and inferential statistics tests, was to determine whether students in pre-service training really feel competent on digital matters or if they feel need more theoretical-practical training, especially in the area of security. The general findings reveal that future female teachers pursuing a university degree in Early Childhood Education, although competent from the techno-pedagogical viewpoint, indicate that attaining a high level of competence in digital security requires more theoretical and practical training. Future male Primary Education teachers, by contrast, perceive themselves as competent in digital security. This perhaps stems from their training (courses and workshops) in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the theoretical and practical instruction they received at the university during courses or during a practicum. This aspect deserves further research because, as highlighted elsewhere, higher education institutions must prioritize instruction on digital security in their teacher programs.

The influence of the use of terrarium media on Bryophyta sub-material on the learning outcomes of class X students of SMA Negeri 3 Wajo

One of the media that can be used in helping the learning process on Bryophyta material is the Terrarium. This study aims to (1) Describe the learning outcomes of students on the Bryophyta sub material for class X SMA Negeri 3 Wajo which is taught without using terrarium media; (2) Describe the learning outcomes of students on the Bryophyta sub material for class X SMA Negeri 3 Wajo taught using terrarium media; and (3) Knowing the learning outcomes of class X SMA Negeri 3 Wajo on sub Bryophyta material taught using terrarium media and not. The type of research used was an experimental quasi with a nonequivalent control group design. The data-collection techniques used are tests of pretest and posttest. The study conducted descriptive and inferential statistical tests (1) normality tests, (2) homogeneity tests, and (3) hypothetical tests. The results showed that there was an effect of using terrarium media on the Bryophyta sub-material on the learning outcomes of class X students at SMA Negeri 3 Wajo. This is proved after testing the hypothesis. The hypothesis in this study can be said to be proven because 0.000 &lt; 0.05 or by looking at tcount of 4.614 while ttable of 2.006 thus tcount&gt; ttable. This means that there is a significant difference between the learning outcomes of students who are taught using terrarium media and not. This shows that there is an effect of using terrarium media on the learning outcomes of class X students of SMA Negeri 3 Wajo. The implications of this research are (1) For students, it is easy to understand the material by looking directly at objects related to the material so that it helps students get maximum results; (2) For educators, it can be a reference for variations of learning media that can be used in further learning; and (3) For researchers, it can add insight into the variety of learning media that can be used in the learning process.

Assessment of Knowledge and Rate of Service Uptake of Community Based Health Insurance among Traders in Akpan Andem Market, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Community Based Health Insurance (CBHI) is a form of micro health insurance, which is a health insurance targeting low-income people. The specific feature of CBHI is the community involvement in driving its setup and in its management. Traditional CBHI models are small, voluntary, and often include the pooling of health risks and funds within a community. In Nigeria, many CBHI schemes have had limited success, suffering from low membership levels, and having issues such as regressive financing, poor or lack of involvement amongst scheme members amongst others. The study assessed the level of CBHI knowledge and rate of service uptake of CBHI among the traders. 300 Questionnaires were administered to the traders by face-to-face interview which gave the respondents the opportunity to respond to both the structured and open-ended questions. Inferential statistical tests were used to test the various research hypothesis that arose from the research questions in the study. Various statistical tests such as Chi-square, comparison of column proportions, correlational tests, and multiple regression were used. The result shows a mean knowledge score of 33.79 ± 3.22 with their scores ranging from 25 – 42. 2%. There was no significant relationship between knowledge level and service uptake (p = 0.351). Findings from this study noted that although awareness is poor, a good quota of the participants (79%) still have overall good knowledge of CBHI schemes. Hence, it will be beneficial to leverage on this concretize more efforts towards encouraging people to enrol with the CBHI schemes. Keywords: Community Based Health Insurance, Community Involvement, Voluntary, Health Risk, Regressive Financing, Inferential Statistics, Knowledge Level, Service Uptake.

Guilt Proneness and Prosocial Behaviour Intentions across University Students: A Predictive Study

“A dispositional tendency to experience negative self-conscious emotions following transgressions or failures to live up to one's own or others' standards is termed as guilt proneness” (Tangney et al., 2007). Guilt is usually seen in negative light and often labelled as uncomfortable and guilt proneness is labelled undesirable, but a common motivation for individuals to engage in prosocial behaviours is to manage the guilt in their lives. The deliberate actions individuals engage in, to benefit others or society as a whole, sometimes even at a cost to themselves are termed as prosocial behaviour intentions. These actions can include acts of kindness, cooperation, volunteering, sharing, donating, and helping others in need (Eisenberg &amp; Mussen, 1989). It was hypothesized that guilt proneness acts as a predictive factor for prosocial behaviour intentions in an individual. Guilt and Shame Proneness (GASP), developed by Cohen et al. (2011), and Prosocial Behavioural Intentions Scale (PBIS), developed by Baumsteiger &amp; Siegel (2018) were used to measure guilt proneness and prosocial behaviour intentions, on a data set of 155 university students, and this study explored the relationship between these variables through simple linear regression and further, a fitted regression model was formulated. Inferential and descriptive statistical tests were used to study guilt proneness and prosocial behaviour intentions across various demographic variables. The findings of this study indicate that guilt proneness acts as significant predictor of prosocial behaviour intentions and there were statistically significant differences in the mean scores of guilt proneness across age groups and annual household incomes. These results are discussed along with limitations of the study and the scope for future research.

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MAHASISWA PGSD FIP UNIMED

This research aims to: develop a problem-based learning model to improve students' creative thinking. The subjects of this study were fifth semester PGSD students in 2021/2022 with a quasi-experimental design. The research method uses the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The data collection tools are questionnaires, observation sheets and tests. The data were analyzed by descriptive percentage and continued with the inferential statistical test through the t test. The results of the descriptive analysis stated that: (1) the feasibility of the model based on the average value of the design test and material test was 91% in the very feasible category; (2) practicality gets a percentage of 91% in the very practical category without any revisions; and (3) the effectiveness of the module through: a) the RPCPM control class gets a percentage score of 77% in the pretty good category and the experimental class gets a percentage score of 85% in the very good category; b) PKBK control class 70% quite complete category while the experimental class 90% with very complete category. That is, the average CPM value of the experimental class: 93 and the control class: 88.70 is significantly different.

PERAN KEPUASAN KERJA DALAM MEMEDIASI PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN (STUDI KASUS DI PT. PLN UNIT PELAKSANAAN PELAYANAN PELANGGAN TERNATE)

bjectives: The research objectives are to determine: (1) To determine whether there is an influence of organizational culture and work environment on job satisfaction; (2) To find out whether there is an effect of job satisfaction and organizational culture on the performance of employees; (3) To find out whether there is an influence of the work environment on the performance satisfaction; (4) To find out whether there is an influence of organizational culture on performance with job satisfaction through intervening variables on employees; (5) To find out whether there is an influence of the work environment on employee performance with job satisfaction through intervening variables on employees of PT. PLN (Persero) Ternate. The total number of 52 respondents in the research samples.Methodology: The data obtained is then processed using the SmartPLS version 3.0 analysis tool. This analysis includes descriptive statistical tests and inferential statistical analysis tests. Findings: Because the statistical t value exceeds the t table and the p value is less than alpha 0.05, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh hypotheses are accepted. Conclusion: The conclusions in this research are: (1) organizational culture and work environment has a significant and positive effect on job satisfaction; (2) job satisfaction has a significant and positive effect on employee performance; (3) organizational culture has a significant positive effect on employee performance; (4) the work environment does not have a significant positive effect on employee performance; (5) there is an indirect effect of organizational culture on employee performance through job satisfaction as a significant positive intervening variable; (6) there is an indirect effect of the work environment on employee performance through job satisfaction as a significant positive intervening variable.

The Effect of Impostor Syndrome on Job Involvement with Mediating Role of Structural Empowerment regarding the Employees of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Background: Empowerment allows health managers to make a conscious choice to improve the quality of care. On the other hand, one of the factors that may affect psychological aspects of employees and decrease job participation of employees is imposter syndrome. The main goal of this research was to determine the effect of imposter syndrome on job involvement with the mediating role of structural empowerment of employees.&#x0D; Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study conducted cross-sectionally in 2021. The statistical population of the present study included all employees (1300) working in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was estimated to be 297 people through Cochran method and stratified random sampling method. Data collection tools included the standard imposter questionnaires of Klans and Ames (1987), Shafli et al.'s job involvement questionnaire (2006), and Maleki et al.'s structural empowerment questionnaire (2012). Face validity was confirmed by professors and experts, convergent validity with a mean variance of greater than 0.5, and divergent validity was confirmed using Fornell and Larker methods. Also, the reliability of the instrument was confirmed with the Cronbach's alpha of greater than 0.7. Data analysis was done with descriptive and inferential statistical tests using structural equation method and SPSS 22 and PLS 3 statistical software.&#x0D; Results: Based on the analysis of research variables, imposter syndrome had a negative and significant effect (P &lt; 0.001) on job involvement and structural empowerment of employees with path coefficients of - 0.349 and - 0.856, respectively. There was a positive and significant correlation (P &lt; 0.001) between structural empowerment of employees' job involvement and a path coefficient of 0.452. Finally, self-destructive syndrome with the mediating role of structural empowerment had a significant and negative effect (P &lt; 0.001) on job involvement of employees with a path coefficient of - 0.386.&#x0D; Conclusion: Structural empowerment is associated with higher work efficiency and engagement among employees. Accordingly, structural empowerment may increase work engagement by stimulating employees' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. But the presence of employees with imposter syndrome leads to the opposite effect.

Puerto Rican pre-teenagers’ physical and sedentary activities, dietary trends, and stress

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze physical activity, sedentary activity, and dietary behaviors of preadolescents in Puerto Rico. A secondary purpose was to examine perceived stress and the weight status of the Puerto Rican preadolescents. Participants were 107 pre-teenagers (ages 6 to 11 years old) attending public elementary schools in Puerto Rico. Using a descriptive cross-sectional survey study design, we collected data on participants’ physical activity, sedentary activity, dietary behaviors, and perceived stress. We also measured participants’ height and weight, and calculated body mass indices. MINITAB descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used in analyzing the data. Results indicate that, on average, the participants partook in physical activities for less than 10 minutes each day, but regularly participated in sedentary activities. Their food behaviors varied. ANOVA tests revealed they were not significantly different in height and weight as a function of gender (F = 0.78, p = .46), but differed significantly in height and weight as a function of age (F = 7.02, p &lt; .00) with older children, on average at greater height and weight. On average, the participants’ BMI scores fell within the healthy category, but ranged from healthy to overweight. Mostly, the participants had low levels of stress, worry, or nervousness. Instead, they felt supported and loved. In conclusion, more research in kinesiology is needed, whereby investigators explore, interrogate, and analyze health and social inequities associated with physical and sedentary activities, stress events, and food behaviors of preadolescents in Puerto Rico.

Media Exposure and Its Impact on Women's Knowledge in Family Planning Program in Indonesia

Utilization of the mass media as a source of development information is a strategic way to ensure the success of the Family Planning (KB) program in Indonesia. Therefore, access to information on family planning and contraceptive use is an important factor in increasing knowledge of the society. This study aims to examine the correlation between the level of exposure of the mass media and the level of knowledge of women about modern contraceptives. By utilizing secondary data sourced from National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) that so called “Survey Kinerja dan Akuntabilitas Program” in the year 2019, this study also conducted an inferential statistical test through a linear regression test to see the effect between variables. The respondents in this study were Women of Childbearing Age, accounted for 59,982 women, which was the result of data collection from 34 provinces and 514 cities/districts in Indonesia. The results of this study showed that the level of media exposure had a positive effect on increasing women knowledge about family planning. The media exposure level is also influenced by characteristic of women regarding age, education and level of wealth.

The Effect Of Junggling-Forehand Combination Training On The Accuracy Of Table Tennis Forehand In PTM Central Boyolali Athletes

The Whether you can play table tennis or not depends on whether you have basic skills or not. One of the basic techniques that still has many obstacles is the forehand. Forehand skills at PTM Central, the ball often gets caught in the net and his shots are often on target. Several factors that are thought to affect the accuracy of forehand strokes are poor hand-eye coordination. Junggling combined with Forehand precision has never been scientifically measured. Using a quantitative type with One-Grub Pretest-Posttest Research Design Research which took place at PTM Central Boyolali which was carried out for 1 month, from June 17 to July 17. The population itself is 20 athletes and the sample is 15 athletes using purposive sampling. Observations, tests, and documentation used for data collection techniques. For the data analysis section itself using inferential statistical tests and descriptive statistical tests. The results of the pretest and posttest were analyzed using statistical prerequisite tests and hypothesis testing. There is an effect of combined junggling-forehand exercise on the accuracy of the forehand in PTM Central Boyolali athletes. The forehand accuracy in PTM Central Boyolali athletes increased from the average pretest 63.27 and posttest 73.07. There was a significant difference between pretest and posttest with a significance value of 0.000 &lt;0.05.

SPEECH THERAPY MODEL BASED ON NEURO LINGUISTIC PROGRAMMING (NLP): OPTIMIZATION OF DEAF SPEECH ABILITY

This study aims to describe the feasibility and effectiveness of a Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) based speech therapy model. The speech therapy model was developed using the Borg and Gall model at Makassar State SLB through the stages of research and information gathering, planning, development of initial product forms, and preliminary field trials. Data from expert validation results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and data on the ability to speak with the deaf was analyzed using inferential statistical tests (t-test paired samples). The results of the study indicate that the developed speech therapy model is appropriate and effective for use in speech therapy for the deaf. The feasibility speech therapy model is used because it meets the feasibility aspects, namely the feasibility of supporting theory, the feasibility of orientation and goals, the feasibility of the reaction principle, the feasibility of therapeutic procedures, the feasibility of support systems, and the feasibility of implementing therapy. Speech therapy models based on Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) can improve the ability of the deaf to pronounce and understand the meaning of vocabulary and reduce anxiety when speaking.

IMPACT OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN THE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TO THE STUDENTS SELF-REGULATED LEARNING IN SMA NEGERI 1 BANTUL

This study aims to determine the effect of project-based learning models on Human Reproductive Systems material on the learning independence of students at SMAN 1 Bantul. This research is a quasi-experimental quantitative research using the nonequivalent control group design. The sampling technique was cluster random sampling. Learning independence data was obtained using a questionnaire based on six aspects, namely independence of others, having self-confidence, behaving in discipline, having a sense of responsibility, behaving based on one's own initiative, and exercising self-control. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferential. Descriptive analysis was performed to show the mean value, standard deviation, and percentage. Inferential analysis using the T-test of independent data, to show the difference in the value of independent learning between the experimental and control classes. This inferential analysis is carried out after it is known that the prerequisites of the parametric inferential statistical test are met. The results showed that the average value of students' learning independence in the experimental class was 74.3611. While the control class is 72.2667, so it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant influence on the project-based learning model with student learning independence, which is indicated by the value of tcount ttable, namely 2.815 1.666.Keywords: Project-Based Learning Model, Student Independence, Human Reproductive System

Factors associated with long-term mechanical ventilation in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery

BackgroundOne of the main therapy for coronary artery disease is surgery. Prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients with cardiac surgery is associated with high mortality. This study aimed to determine the factors related to long-term mechanical ventilation (LTMV) in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.MethodsThe present study was a descriptive-analytical study in which the records of 1361 patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery and were on a mechanical ventilator during 2019–2020 at the Imam Ali Heart Center in Kermanshah city were examined. The data collection tool was a three-part researcher-made questionnaire including demographic characteristics, health records, and clinical variables. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistical tests and SPSS Version 25 software.ResultsIn this study, of the 1361 patients, 953 (70%) were male. The results indicated that 78.6% of patients had short-term mechanical ventilation, and 21.4% had long-term mechanical ventilation. There was a statistically significant relationship between the history of smoking, drug use, and baking bread with the type of mechanical ventilation (P < 0.05). Also, based on the regression test, some parameters, such as the history of respiratory conditions, could predict the prolongation of mechanical ventilation. Creatinine levels before surgery, chest secretions after surgery, central venous pressure after surgery, and the status of cardiac enzymes before surgery also affect this issue.ConclusionThis study investigated some factors related to prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients undergoing heart surgery. For optimizing the care and therapeutic measures, It is suggested, healthcare workers have a detailed assessment on patients with factors such as the history of baking bread, history of obstructive pulmonary disease, history of kidney disease, use of an intra-aortic pump, number of respirations and systolic blood pressure 24 h after surgery, creatinine level 24 h after surgery, chest secretions after surgery, and the amount of pre-operative ejection fraction and cardiac enzymes (CK-MB).

Pengaruh Penerapan Media Quiziz dalam Meningkatkan Minat dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik pada Mata Pelajaran Fisika Kelas X IPA

The research aims to determine the effect of applying Quizizz media as a learning medium on increasing students' interest and learning outcomes. The type of research used in this study was a quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group design. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling with a total of 42 respondents in each of the experimental and control groups, the instruments used were questionnaires and tests in the form of multiple choices. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests, namely through the t-test with values ​​obtained t-count = 7.026 with a value of t-table = 2.021 so that it can be concluded that the value of t-count ˃ t-table is 7.026 ˃ 2.021 or it can be said that H-0 is rejected and H-a is accepted in learning interest while in learning outcomes obtained value t-count = 3.055 and t-table = 2.021 so that it can be concluded that the value of t-count ˃ t-table is 3.055 ˃ 2.021 or it can be said that H-0 is rejected and H-a is accepted. Based on the average score, it shows that there is an influence on the use of Quizizz media as a learning medium which is shown in changes in student behavior after the media is applied, such as starting to actively ask questions during the learning process, doing assignments given by the teacher, and not getting sleepy during learning activities. so based on this the use of Quizizz media as a learning medium is appropriate to use in increasing interest which can then improve student learning outcomes.

Site-specific tissue lipolysis and fat metabolism differs between men and women during a treadmill-based heat tolerance test without differences in circulating biomarkers

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that measures of lipid metabolism and substrate utilization differ between men and women exposed to extreme exercise-heat stress. Methods: Physically active men (n=6, 30±8 yrs, 78.8±11.0 kg, body fat 19.4±9.8%, VO2max 49.9±2.9 mL -1· kg -1· min -1 ) and women (n=6, 25±3 yrs, 60.6±4.1 kg, 25.2±6.8%, 46.3±4.5mL -1· kg -1· min -1 ) completed a treadmill-based heat tolerance test (HTT) (2 hours, 3.1 mph, 2% grade in extreme environmental conditions (104°F, 40% relative humidity). Differences (pre-, post-, change, percentage change, mean difference (MD)) within and between groups were analyzed with nonparametric inferential statistical tests. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAAT) interstitial glycerol concentration and adipose tissue blood flow (i.e., ethanol Output: Input (O:I)) pre-exercise, every 30 minutes (min) of exercise, and during recovery was measured with microdialysis and assay of biofluids. Circulating concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), epinephrine (EPI), and norepinephrine (NE), and cortisol were measured with commercially available kits. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured pre- and post-exercise using a metabolic cart. Exercising substrate utilization and metabolic heat production (MHP) were collected during 30 and 90 mins of the HTT. Results: Despite no sex differences in markers associated with stress-related metabolic signaling (cortisol, EPI, NE), endocrine response (IGF-1, insulin), or systemic concentrations of NEFAs, fat oxidation (g·min -1 ) was higher in men (vs. women) at 30 min of HTT (men (M), women (W): 0.56±0.03, 0.45±0.05, p=0.005) and at 90 min of HTT (0.61±0.05, 0.48±0.12, p=0.05). SCAAT interstitial glycerol and O:I were similar across all time points between sexes (baseline glycerol ranges (mmol·L -1 ): 92.8-530.7 (W), 321.8-588.8 (M); O:I ratio ranges: 0.42-0.79 (W), 0.55-0.77 (M). However, women had significantly greater percent change in interstitial glycerol concentration from baseline (vs. M) (W vs. M: 275 ± 287.56% vs. -8.69 ± 32.41%, p=0.003). Pre- and post-exercise REE were 16.9% (MD:371.6 kcal·day -1 , p=0.003) and 15.5% (MD:343.5kcal·day -1 , p=0.050) lower in W compared to M. Mean MHP was higher in men (MD 85W). Conclusion: Fat oxidation and SCAAT lipolysis rates were higher in men vs. women after an acute bout of strenuous exercise-heat stress. Ongoing analyses are investigating sex, energy expenditure, and heat production contributions to differences between men and women observed in our study. Our findings suggest potential for sex-specific dietary recommendations during stress exposures. DoD BA200299, HRPO E02882.1a This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

The Power of the Physics Independent Learning Model Instrument in Online Tutorials to Enhance Independent Learning Skills and Critical Thinking Skills

Universitas Terbuka has an especially significant role in seeking quality processes and learning outcomes through valid and effective learning, especially in Open and Distance Learning (ODL). As material for operationalizing the Physics Independent Learning (PIL) learning model in online tutorials, learning instruments for the PIL model are needed so that it supports independent learning skills and critical thinking skill of students at ODL. This study aims to analyze the validity and effectiveness of the PIL model instrument in online tutorials to improve self-learning and critical thinking skills in ODL physics students in wave and sound physics courses. This type of research is educational development research with a sample of 120 undergraduate physics education students at Universitas Tebuka. This research was conducted in two stages , namely preliminary and developmental studies, and extensive trials. The results showed that both the content validity and the construct validity of the PIL model set of wave and sound materials were included in the validity and reliability categories with rα each of (0.800 – 0.936) &gt; (0.2907 - 0.2656) for r table N = (9 - 51) and α are greater than 0.9, respectively. The independent sample t-test parametric inferential statistical test results show that the p value &gt; 0.05. The PIL model instruments of wave and sound materials is consistent with the PIL model, so it is suitable for use in physics learning tutorials. The PIL model instrument is effectively used in learning physics because it can have a consistent impact on improving student learning outcomes in the CTS and ILS aspects on large-scale tests. Obstacles that previously appeared in ODL such as limited practice tools and materials as well as limitations in independent learning and critical thinking skill, can be overcome through the PIL model instruments. The PIL model set is recommended to support students' independent learning and critical thinking skills in ODL.