Statistical Economic Analysis Research Articles

Efficiency of financial resources management of agricultural machine building enterprises

The purpose of the article is to study the impact of effective management of financial resources of agricultural machinery enterprises on the optimization of the use of enterprise resources to increase their competitiveness. Research methodology – in the process of research both general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, concretization, classification) and special ones are used: system-structural and comparative researches, statistical-economic analysis. The scientific novelty lies in the substantiation of the importance of applying the system method to the management of financial resources of enterprises in this industry, which will increase the competitiveness of enterprises in domestic and foreign markets. The article considers the basics of financial resources management of agricultural machinery enterprises, identifies the stages of financial resources management. Difficult economic and political events in recent years have not escaped the field of agricultural engineering. Not only the business conditions of enterprises have changed, but also their number has decreased– the least competitive enterprises could not resist the influence of crisis factors and were forced to cease their activities, but such dynamics significantly limits Ukraine’s production potential and requires change due to active investment of inefficient enterprises. Conclusions. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that agricultural machinery under conditions of stable competition with the possibility of timely adaptation to changing market conditions, using the efficiency of financial resources management, is able to obtain strategic production stability and profitable sales. Rational organization and effective management of financial resources of an agricultural enterprise will have an impact on the financial and economic condition and competitive positions in the domestic and foreign markets of the enterprise during the management. Key words: financial resources, competitive enterprise, management, management system, agricultural engineering.

Статистико-экономический анализ производства мяса свиней в ЦЧР

Статистико-экономический анализ производства мяса свиней в ЦЧР

Науково-інноваційне забезпечення розвитку агропромислового виробництва Центрального регіону

The purpose. Filling up agrarian market of Central region of Ukraine with scientific-and-innovative products and increase of level of development of agricultural factories in state-of-the-art conditions of managing. Methods. Statistical-economic analysis, simulation, questioning, comparison, synthesis. Results. Scientific-and-organizational approaches, and market-oriented tools of experimental production and transfer of high technology products in agrarian and industrial complex of region are developed. Assessment of state-of-the-art situation and perspectives of innovative evolution of agricultural factories is carried out. Suggestions on filling up agrarian market with innovative products are elaborated: scientific-and-consulting and informational services through architecture of conferences, seminars, «Days of field», «Circular tables», courses, exhibitions-fairs; creation of scientific-and-demonstration and technological proving grounds, demonstration farms; publications in issuings, performances on radio and television, spread of booklets and issuings of recommendations. Data bank is created of the completed scientific developments (innovations) that are recommended for mastering in soil-climatic conditions of Kirovograd region, Portfolio for orders of innovative products (seeds, pedigree resources, hardware components, etc.) is generated. Conclusions. Analysis of overall performance of agricultural factories of Kirovograd region proves that nowadays only those of them which use innovative development and constantly or very often use scientific reaching at production of agricultural produce have stable financial and economic state. Mainly they are large enough factories which spend renewal of basic production assets and annually restore high quality content of cultivated crops. Application of innovations ensures resistant economic propagation, raises industrial and social evolution of a society, secures economic safety and stability.

Evaluation of the Cost Effectiveness of Sirolimus versus Tacrolimus for Immunosuppression Following Renal Transplantation in the UK

Immunosuppressive therapy is required to prevent graft rejection. Calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus are paradoxically toxic to the kidney, whereas sirolimus (rapamycin; Rapamune) is not generally associated with the nephrotoxicity of CNIs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative cost utility of sirolimus versus tacrolimus for the primary prevention of graft rejection in renal transplant recipients in the UK. A stochastic simulation model was constructed using clinical trial and observational data comparing the two treatments. Time duration was up to 20 years. Costs were from a UK NHS perspective, valued at 2003 prices and discounted at 6%. Benefits were discounted at 1.5%. Simulated events included patient and graft survival, haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, re-transplants and acute rejection. Costs were summed for events and various maintenance therapies. Utility was differentially accredited depending upon survival and using the alternative renal replacement therapies. Outcome was predicted using post-transplant creatinine levels up to 3 years. Extensive statistical economic and sensitivity analyses were undertaken. Over the 10-year horizon, sirolimus gained 0.72 years (discounted) of functioning graft over tacrolimus, resulting in an incremental cost per year of functioning graft that was dominant. Over a 20-year time horizon, the cost effectiveness of sirolimus over tacrolimus further improved with an average discounted gain in years of a functioning graft of 1.8 years, resulting in an incremental cost-utility ratio that was also dominant. The number of haemodialysis events was 48,243 for sirolimus recipients versus 127,829 for those receiving tacrolimus and peritoneal dialysis events 40,872 versus 105,249, respectively. Similar values were obtained when real-life observational data on tacrolimus use in Cardiff, Wales were entered into the model. Using data from Cardiff, sirolimus remained dominant over tacrolimus under all scenarios. Our study suggests that sirolimus may be more cost effective than tacrolimus for the primary prevention of graft rejection in renal transplant recipients in the UK. Sirolimus was economically 'dominant' under almost all scenarios investigated. This finding was robust using statistical economic analysis and univariate sensitivity analysis.