Statistical Calculations Research Articles

EFL STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CANVA AS LEARNING MEDIA

The development of times goes alongside the improvement of technology. Appropriate learning media is needed that a teacher can apply to students in class. In this case, Canva was chosen as classroom learning media. This research aimed to know the perceptions of 11th grade student of one of the public high schools in Bekasi students concerning the usage of Canva app as a teaching and learning media in English class. This research is a Quantitative method research. Quantitative data was obtained by using a questionnaire. The research sample was 75 students (N = 75) out of 370 students. After the data is obtained, the data is calculated with statistical calculations by finding the mean, median, mode and standard deviation values through the SPSS application. After that, the data was analyzed by descriptive analysis method. It was discovered that every statement derived from the student questionnaire responses fell into the "very good" category. Canva is an useful dan easy to use as an application to be a learning media in English classroom and students felt satisfy with the canva as a learning media in English class which it is related to satisfaction with the ease and ease of use of the canva application.

Scandinavian Erratics in the Cultural Heritage Sites of Western Poland

In north-western Poland, cultural and historical structures were erected using erratic boulders of Scandinavian origin. These structures have yet to be subjected to detailed analysis with the aim of determining their origin, type of erratic boulders and rock abundance of a given petrographic type. This topic has not been addressed by art historians in previous studies of similar structures. The objective of this paper is to present five illustrative examples of stone structures that are closely related to cultural heritage in north-western Poland. A comprehensive inventory of the stone material is presented, categorised according to petrographic types. This is accompanied by a guide to the erratics. Furthermore, this article addresses the principles of geoethics and the concept of sense of place, with the objective of fostering a sense of pride in cultural heritage among residents and viewers. The objective was to identify the current and potential future geosystem services that erratic boulders can provide at the aforementioned locations. The survey methods were non-intrusive and included a comprehensive analysis of the stone material at eye level. Furthermore, in addition to graphic and photographic archiving, the petrographic type of rock and the type of indicative erratics were identified in carefully designed test fields. The results were subjected to basic statistical calculations. The results obtained represent a new corpus of knowledge that can be employed in the sustainable development of the five regions through the utilisation of a tool such as geotourism. It is anticipated that the implementation of innovative initiatives aimed at fostering geoenvironmental awareness and providing educational benefits, such as disseminating knowledge about the petrography and history of the sites (including the evolution of stone workshops and techniques), the role of historic buildings in strengthening attachment to roots, and their promotion in the media and on the internet, will result in the attraction of a more diverse group of tourists with interests beyond the current tourist and recreational offerings.

Lung Oscillometry: A Practical Solution for Overcoming Spirometry Challenges

ABSTRACT Background: Lung oscillometry is an alternative pulmonary function test in patients unable to perform spirometry due to cough or dyspnea. Objective: The objective of the study was to study the characteristics of lung oscillometry parameters in patients with cough or dyspnea and who are unable to perform spirometry. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study Was conducted in a pulmonology outpatient clinic. Patients during the study period were selected for lung oscillometry after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The resistance and reactance parameters were measured along with the demographic variables. Statistical calculations were done. Results: Forty-two percent patients were found to have airway obstruction if the recommended cutoff for resistance at 5 hertz (R5) was followed. However, reactance parameters were abnormal in most of the cases. The area of reactance (Ax) had a very good coefficient of correlation with R5 (0.867, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Ax is a suitable lung oscillometric parameter for identifying airway obstruction in asthmatics.

Clinical management of oligometastatic cancer: Applying multidisciplinary tumor board recommendations in practice

AimsMultidisciplinary tumor boards (MDTs) are an integral part of ensuring high-quality, evidence-based and personalized cancer care. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the adherence to and implementation of MDT recommendations in patients with oligometastatic disease (OMD). MethodsWe screened all oncologic positron emission tomography (PET) scans conducted at a single comprehensive cancer center in 2020. Patients were included if they had evidence of imaging-based OMD from a solid organ malignancy on the index scans, had their OMD case discussed at an MDT, and were treated and followed up at the same center. A switch away from the MDT-recommended treatment modalities was classified as a major deviation; non-MDT-mandated adjustments to a recommended treatment modality were coded as minor deviation. Clinical data was obtained via chart review; statistical calculations were computed using the R software. ResultsAfter review of PET and/or concurrent brain scans, 787 cases of OMD were identified. Thereof, 347 (44.1 %) cases were discussed at MDT, of which 331 (42.1 %) were therapeutically managed and subsequently followed. The three most commonly recommended therapies were systemic therapy (35.6 %), multimodality treatment including definitive local therapy (17.8 %), and radiotherapy (13.9 %). A major deviation was recorded in 16.3 % of cases (most commonly: none of the MDT-recommended treatment modalities were performed: 19 (35.2 %); not all MDT-planned treatment modalities were performed: 12 (22.2 %); and additional treatment modality was performed: 11 (20.3 %). A minor deviation was found in 1.5 % of cases. On multivariable regression, number of distant metastases (n > 1) was associated with a major deviation (OR: 1.85; 95 % CI, 1.0–3.52). Major deviations were associated with a significantly worse OS (p = 0.0034). ConclusionsAdherence to and implementation of MDT recommendations in OMD patients was generally high (83.7%). Major deviations might be further reduced by more careful and elaborate discussions of OMD patient characteristics s and patient preferences.

Therapeutic Effect of Stem Cells from Different Sources on Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

To evaluate the efficacy of stem cell therapy from different sources on the ankle-brachial index, wound closure percentage, and wound closure time in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library's Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science, extending through June 29, 2023. Quality evaluation was done using the Cochrane's bias risk assessment tool (RoB 2.0). Employing a Bayesian approach, the statistical computations was executed with the JAGS software, leveraging the gemtc 0.8-2 and rjags 4-10 libraries, within the R environment 4.1.2. The included interventions came from peripheral blood, bone marrow, placenta, umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, or others. A preliminary search identified 2286 articles, of which 23 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and were ultimately included. The analysis findings indicated that mesenchymal stem cells derived from the umbilical cord (HUCMSCs) led to a notable enhanced the ankle-brachial index in patients with DFUs compared to standard treatment (MD: 0.2; 95% CI [0.01, 0.36]). HUCMSCs were found to be the optimal therapeutic approach for enhancing the ankle-brachial index (SUCRA = 82.7%). Research on the wound closure percentage revealed that compared to platelet-rich plasma (PRP), processed microvascular tissue (PMVT), peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs), microfragmented adipose tissue (MFAT), autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell therapy (ABMSCT), adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), and dehydrated human umbilical cord allograft (EpiCord), Huoxue Shengji Decoction (HXSJD) + ABMSCT (H_Group_hematopoietic) significantly increased the wound closure percentage in DFU patients (P < 0.05). According to the SUCRA ranking, HXSJD + ABMSCT was the best therapeutic method to increase the percentage of wound closure (SUCRA = 93.8%). This study employed a network meta-analysis method, combining direct and indirect comparisons, to analyze the latest clinical data and concluded that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and the combination of HXSJD + autologous bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell treatment as adjunctive therapies for DFUs may have beneficial effects. Future research needs to focus on this.

Pengaruh Rotasi Kerja dan Beban Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Hotel Truntum Padang

This research was conducted because there is a phenomenon that causes employee performance to decline at the Truntum Padang Hotel. The aim of this research is to explain how job rotation and workload affect employee performance. This research was conducted using quantitative descriptive methods with associative causal relationships. The research location is the Truntum Padang Hotel. The non-probability sampling type is used for purposive sampling. The data used in this research is primary data. The questionnaire created based on the Likert scale has been processed before passing the validity and reliability test process using SPSS 26.00. This research found that job rotation is an important factor in improving employee performance at the Truntum Padang Hotel. and workload have a significant influence on employee performance at the Truntum Padang Hotel. The research results show that the work rotation (X1) and workload (X2) variables are both rated very well based on statistical calculations, with average TCR values ​​of 4.36% and 4.26% respectively. employee performance (Y) is also considered very good with an average TCR value of 4.34%.

Meat Color, Marbling, and the Evaluation of Defects in Beef and Pork at the Point of Purchase

Intentions to purchase meat and repeat purchasing patterns will depend on the consumer’s perception of intrinsic and extrinsic quality cues. In order to discover consumers’ insights into the quality of pork and beef, the main objective of this study was to investigate meat color, marbling, and types of fresh meat defects. A total of 50 samples of meat were analyzed for three quality characteristics on different levels. This study applied a statistical calculation of a loss function invented by Taguchi. The results showed the values of variations in meat color and marbling that present the limits of consumers’ tolerance. Based on the obtained results, it was determined that the tolerable level of color variations of beef is 3.61, while for pork, this limit is 2.00. The most preferred marbling percentages were 21% and 5.74% for beef and pork, respectively. On the other hand, the negative effect of defects was the strongest for “dark cutting” for beef and “blood spotting” for pork loins.

Bird Habitat Suitability Analysis of The New City Centre Gede Bage Bandung Using Landscape Metrics

Abstract One focus of landscape ecology studies is the study of landscape patterns. Understanding the landscape patterns can help to find suitable habitat for the development or restoration of wildlife habitats, which can partly be expressed quantitatively with measurable or computable indicators by Geographic Information System, i.e. landscape metrics. This paper aims to analyze suitable habitat for bird habitat in The New City Centre in Gede Bage Bandung using statistical relationships between the occurrence of birds and the landscape pattern. Our study focus on habitat for Javan Pond Heron (A. speciosa) and Cattle Egret (B. ibis), two bird species which has been lived since 1970 in Ranca Bayawak Village inside The New City Centre Gede Bage Bandung. This study using landscape metrics software FRAGSTAT 4.2, parameter characterising landscape pattern were determined for the UTM 4 km x 4 km cells covering the whole of The New City Centre Gede Bage Bandung. The characteristic bird habitat define based on three types of landscape pattern : built-up areas, green spaces and water bodies. The study results based on statistical calculations found green spaces landscape metrics especially paddy field, forest and green open spaces are suitable for bird habitat, the type of patch that has the second largest patch size from total area. From statistical calculations also known built-up areas landscape metrics has the highest probability of fragmentation and the highest edge effect as a result of The New City Centre Gede Bage Bandung development.

The corrosion properties of ferritic stainless steel with varying Cr and Mo contents in the early stages of a simulated proton exchange membrane fuel cell environment investigated using experimental and joint calculation method HKD

The initial corrosion resistance of ferritic stainless steels with various Cr and Mo levels in simulated fuel cell environments is evaluated using the HKD calculation method and electrochemical tests. HKD utilizes high-throughput DFT, KMC, and AIMD statistical coverage calculations to study passivation film development and ion/molecule adsorption behaviors, like O2-, F-, H2O, and OH-. Super-high Cr-containing Mo steel shows reliable corrosion resistance due to their stable structure and effective passivation film integrity at various F- concentrations and pH values. Furthermore, the impact of F- competes with O2-, influencing film formation as pH lowers and concentration rises.

Quality of Blood Pressure Monitoring During Telehealth Visits for Pregnant Patients at Risk of Preeclampsia.

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The United States Preventative Services Task Force released 2023 recommendations encouraging more research on telehealth's role in facilitating blood pressure monitoring for patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia. This study evaluates the integration of self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) into telehealth obstetric visits during the COVID-19 pandemic for pregnant patients at risk of preeclampsia. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients with one or more preeclampsia risk factors who delivered at a tertiary hospital from January to March 2021. Information pertaining to patients' number of antepartum, postpartum, and telehealth visits, blood pressure cuff access, and documentation of SMBP readings was recorded. Analyses were conducted in RStudio version 2022.12.0 + 353 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing). Results: Of 721 eligible patients, 244 (33.8%) had 2 or more ante- or postpartum telehealth visits. Of these 244 patients, 142 (58.2%) had chart documentation of owning a home blood pressure cuff. Only 106 (43.4%) had 1 or more SMBP documented in their telehealth visit notes, and they were more likely to have received care at federally qualified health centers than maternal fetal medicine clinics (p = 0.018) or private clinics (p < 0.001). Charts revealed no explanation for lack of blood pressure documentation during telehealth visits for most cases (n = 129, 93.5%). Conclusions: Opportunities exist to standardize blood pressure recording and documentation during telehealth visits, especially for patients with risk factors for preeclampsia, and to advocate for greater access to home blood pressure cuffs for all pregnant patients.

Geographic Distribution and Temporal Trends of Zika Virus Outbreaks in India (2016-2023): Insights From the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme Data.

Introduction This study examines the geographic distribution and temporal trends of Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in India from 2016 to 2023 using data from the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP). The burden of ZIKV in India has risen due to its rapid spread and significant health impacts. Existing literature highlights seasonal and geographic patterns but lacks a comprehensive, long-term analysis specific to India. This study addresses this gap by analyzing trends over seven years to inform better public health responses. Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted using publicly available data from the IDSPon reported Zika cases from January 2016 to December 2023. Descriptive statistical methods and geographic information system(GIS) mapping techniques were employed to analyze the geographic distribution and temporal trends of ZIKVoutbreaks in India. The data were analyzed and visualized using R software version 4.3.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria), with heat maps and choropleth maps to identify hotspots, and line diagrams to identify temporal trends. Results Zika outbreaks predominantly occurred during the post-monsoon season, accounting for 47.62% (n= 10) of the total 21 outbreaks, followed by the monsoon season with 33.33% (n = 7), and summer with 19.05% (n = 4). Two deaths were reported during a significant outbreak in Madhya Pradesh in 2018. Temporal trends indicated notable spikes in cases in 2018 (131 cases) and 2021 (234 cases), with no cases reported in 2019 and 2020. The geographic distribution maps highlighted significant concentrations of ZIKV outbreaks in specific districts within Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Kerala. Discussion The study identified seasonal patterns, with most cases occurring in the post-monsoon season. The geographic spread of the ZIKV was observed in eight states from 2016 to 2023. GIS identified three hotspots in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Kerala. Conclusion The study highlights the need for heightened surveillance and targeted intervention preparedness during high-risk seasons. Enhancing testing facilities and data reporting systems could improve outbreak identification, management, and response.

INFLUENCE OF NON-PHYSICAL PUNISHMENT ON STUDENTS DISCIPLINE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF NYAMASHEKE DISTRICT, RWANDA

The research investigated the influence of non-physical punishment on students discipline in public secondary schools in Nyamasheke district. The analysis was done using IBM/SPSS, where statistical calculations like frequencies, means, standard deviation, and correlation were used. This study aims to evaluate the impact of non-physical punishments on students discipline in selected public secondary schools in Nyamasheke district, Rwanda. A sample of 240 respondents, including teachers, parents, and students, was selected from 600 teachers, general assembly members, and student representatives. The research methodology involves simple random sampling. The correlation analysis and linear regression models were adopted. The findings indicated that the overall mean was 3.14, which was between agree (3) and strongly agree (4), indicating that there was a significant relationship between non-physical punishment and the discipline of students in public secondary schools. The statistical results showed that there was a relationship between non-physical punishment and students discipline. 767** that concluded that there was a statistically significant relationship between non-physical punishment and students discipline in public secondary schools in Nyamasheke district, Rwanda. The study recommended that schools administrations should improve non-physical punishment that promotes good collaboration between teacher and student for the purpose of promoting school academic performance.

Comparative assessment of different rose cultivars under environmental conditions in central Transylvania, Romania

Despite the abundance of rose varieties, it is necessary to create and use new genotypes to improve the appearance of green spaces and meet the demands of society, as well as to ensure their response to environmental variables and climate change. To assess the overall value and flower quality of several Romanian and foreign varieties under the ecological circumstances of Northwest Romania, 14 rose varieties from the shrub and floribunda groups were examined. The study identified notable variations among the cultivars for plant growth, foliage, flowers, and their susceptibility to the three primary fungal diseases (black spot, powdery mildew, and rust) prevalent in the study area. Additionally, the study identified the cultivars with proper resilience to frost during the five-year investigation period, particularly after the cold winters. New varieties obtained at HRS Cluj-Napoca, such as Cristiana, Pasiune mov, Maria-Cristina and Splendid, and international varieties such as Fisherman's Friend, Bonica and Mirato, stood out for their decorative quality and attractive floral elements. Some of these varieties have also been considered potential parents for disease and frost resistance in new hybridization projects. Broad-sense heritability data for the quantitative variables under investigation, as well as multivariate analyses, provided useful information for new rose breeding programs. The comparison of quantitative and qualitative assessments of important decorative traits for the roses, together with proper statistical calculation processes to assure their validity and trustworthiness, enabled the development of hypotheses or working models that can improve rose breeding efficiency.

Extended analysis on peripheral blood cytokines correlated with hepatitis B virus viral load in chronically infected patients - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) can affect life quality. Monitoring and understanding the fluctuations of the HBV level of viremia related to the intricate immune activity of the host helps in the development of new treatment strategies and evaluation patterns. This meta-analysis presents the correlations between cytokines and the level of viremia in chronic HBV patients for a better comprehension of the immune mechanisms behind this infection. We used PRISMA guidelines for this meta-analysis. The databases assessed were PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library. ZOTERO and PlotDigitizer helped the systematic research process. We extracted information related to the correlations between cytokines and the HBV-DNA level. Effect measures included comparisons between standardized mean differences and correlation coefficients. We evaluated retrieved articles with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). The R 4.2.2 software displayed the statistical calculation and graphical representations. From 58,169 records, we extracted 16 articles with 32 different cytokine determinations. The main interleukins included in detection panels were IL-10 and IL-21. The meta-correlation analysis comprised 1,199 chronic HBV patients. The standardized mean difference between cytokine levels in HBV patients and healthy controls was 0.82 (95% CI = [-0.19, 1.84], p = 0.11). We observed a significant, fair, pooled correlation coefficient between IL-10, IL-9, and the viral load (r = 0.52, 95% CI = [0.19, 0.85]). This meta-analysis brings novelty because it gives a first rigorous systematic look at multiple studies with many cytokines. Our research approaches a debatable issue and gives a possible solution for settling controversies. Future studies can arise towards understanding the immune disruption in HBV and the development of new, improved assays for prognosis.

Efficacy and Mechanism of Acupoint Catgut Embedding in the Treatment of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Protocol for a Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that manifests as itching and wheals, seriously affecting quality of life. Clinical observations and previous research trials have shown that acupuncture is safe and effective for the treatment of CSU. However, there are problems, such as a short duration of action and frequent treatment. Compared with traditional acupuncture, acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) has the advantages of a longer effect and higher compliance. Clinical trials are needed to prove its efficacy and mechanism of action. This trial aims to provide definitive evidence for the treatment of CSU with ACE and explore the mechanism of ACE. This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. In this trial, 108 participants aged 18-60 years with a diagnosis of CSU and no history of ACE will be randomly assigned to 2 groups (1:1 ratio) using the Statistical Analysis System: treatment (ACE) and control (sham ACE). The participants and efficacy evaluators will be blinded to the grouping. Both the ACE and sham ACE groups will undergo acupuncture, but the sham ACE group will not receive catgut sutures. Treatment will be performed twice weekly for 8 weeks, with a 1-week run-in period and a 16-week follow-up period. Twenty patients will be randomly selected to undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after the treatment period. The primary outcome will be the urticaria activity score over 7 days (UAS7). We will use R (version 4.0.1; R Project for Statistical Computing) to perform ANOVA and independent samples t tests to compare the differences within and between groups before and after treatment by judging the rejection range based on a significance level of .05. The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Guang'anmen Hospital on September 7, 2022, and has been registered on November 30, 2022. Recruitment began on March 1, 2023. A total of 4-6 participants are expected to be recruited each month. The recruitment is planned to be completed on March 1, 2025, and we expect to publish our results by the winter of 2025. As of November 1, 2023, we have enrolled 25 participants with CSU. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial aims to provide definitive evidence for the treatment of CSU with ACE and explore the mechanism of ACE. We hypothesize that wheals and itching will show greater improvement in participants receiving active therapy than in those receiving sham treatment. The limitations of this study include its single-center trial design, small sample size, and short treatment duration, which may have certain impacts on the research results. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200066274; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=179056. DERR1-10.2196/54376.

The A-optimal subsampling approach to the analysis of count data of massive size

The uniform and the statistical leverage-scores-based (nonuniform) distributions are often used in the development of randomised algorithms and the analysis of data of massive size. Both distributions, however, are not effective in extraction of important information in data. In this article, we construct the A-optimal subsampling estimators of parameters in generalised linear models (GLM) to approximate the full-data estimators, and derive the A-optimal distributions based on the criterion of minimising the sum of the component variances of the subsampling estimators. As calculating the distributions has the same time complexity as the full-data estimator, we generalise the Scoring Algorithm introduced in Zhang, Tan, and Peng ((2023), ‘Sample Size Determination forMultidimensional Parameters and A-Optimal Subsampling in a Big Data Linear Regression Model’, To appear in the Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation. Preprint. Available at https://math.indianapolis.iu.edu/hanxpeng/SSD_23_4.pdf) in a Big Data linear model to GLM using the iterative weighted least squares. The paper presents a comprehensive numerical evaluation of our approach using simulated and real data through the comparison of its performance with the uniform and the leverage-scores- subsamplings. The results exhibited that our approach substantially outperformed the uniform and the leverage-scores subsamplings and the Algorithm significantly reduced the computing time required for implementing the full-data estimator.

The Effect Of Job Description On Employee Performance At The Office Of The Regional Revenue Agency Of Tual City

This study aims to determine the effect of Job Description on employee performance at the Tual City Regional Revenue Agency Office. The types of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The research instrument used in this study used the Likert scale method. Based on the results of data research using statistical calculations through the Statistical for the Social Science (SPSS) application regarding the Effect of Job Description on Employee Performance, the author can conclude that Variable X, namely Job Description, has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance with a Job Description (X) coefficient value of 0.393 and a calculated t value of 2,836 t &gt; table 2.021 with a significant value of 0.007 &lt; 0.05.

The Effect Of Capital Structure And Cash Flow Operations On Profitability In Manufacturing Companies Listed On The Indonesia Stock Exchange

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of capital structure and Cash Flow Operations on profitability in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. This type of research data is descriptive with a quantitative approach obtained from annual financial report data of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The sample used in this research was 30 companies. The data collection used in this research is the documentation method by accessing the idx.Co.id site. The research instrument used in this research uses the panel data method. The results of the research show data using statistical calculations through the Eviews 12 application on the influence of capital structure and Cash Flow Operations on profitability in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange which was discussed in the previous chapter, so the author draws important conclusions that capital structure research has a positive and significant effect on profitability and cash flow operations have no effect on profitability.

Development of an Improvised Solar Powered E-Grass Cutter: Utilizing Microcontroller Technology

Thesis Abstract: Farmers were greatly impacted by the improvised solar-powered e-grass cutter that used microcontroller technology. This might be used to agriculture and encourage farmers to develop equipment and products made of recycled materials. The current study primarily focuses on the development, design, and evaluation of an improvised solar-powered E-Grass cutter that makes use of microcontroller technology. The actual questionnaire that was distributed to the chosen respondents was used by the researchers. The researchers utilized descriptive statistics to interpret the data because they provide a quantitative description or summary of the characteristics of the data collection. The weighted mean and percentage were employed in all statistical calculations. According to the study's findings, 26 of the respondents were farmers. Functionality, durability, and usability all received weighted averages of 3.60, 3.93, and 3.61. and safety achieved a weighted average of 3.53 overall. According to the evaluation of the farmers utilizing the E-grass cutter, the makeshift E-grass cutter's functionality, durability, usefulness, and safety all satisfied the necessary standards to carry out its intended functions.

Analysis of Internal Factors Affecting Tax Avoidance in the 4.0 Era in Digital Technology Sector

This study aims to analyze internal factors that influence tax avoidance in the annual financial reports of digital technology sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 research period in the economy 4.0 era. The independent variables in this study are profitability, fixed asset intensity, and leverage. The approach used in this study is a secondary data quantitative approach. The population of the study was 73 digital technology sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2018-2022 research period, and the sample was taken using the purposive sampling method with a total of 25 companies so that the number of observations in the study was 125 observation data. The data analysis technique uses panel data regression analysis using statistical calculations. The results of the research analysis prove that profitability and leverage have a partial and positive and negative influence on tax avoidance. In contrast, fixed asset intensity does not have a partial and negative influence on tax avoidance. The managerial implications are that the implementation of digital technology can help create a more transparent and accountable system, and the use of data-based audit technology can detect anomalies and potential tax avoidance earlier.