Statistical Calculations Research Articles

The corrosion properties of ferritic stainless steel with varying Cr and Mo contents in the early stages of a simulated proton exchange membrane fuel cell environment investigated using experimental and joint calculation method HKD

The initial corrosion resistance of ferritic stainless steels with various Cr and Mo levels in simulated fuel cell environments is evaluated using the HKD calculation method and electrochemical tests. HKD utilizes high-throughput DFT, KMC, and AIMD statistical coverage calculations to study passivation film development and ion/molecule adsorption behaviors, like O2-, F-, H2O, and OH-. Super-high Cr-containing Mo steel shows reliable corrosion resistance due to their stable structure and effective passivation film integrity at various F- concentrations and pH values. Furthermore, the impact of F- competes with O2-, influencing film formation as pH lowers and concentration rises.

Quality of Blood Pressure Monitoring During Telehealth Visits for Pregnant Patients at Risk of Preeclampsia.

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The United States Preventative Services Task Force released 2023 recommendations encouraging more research on telehealth's role in facilitating blood pressure monitoring for patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia. This study evaluates the integration of self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) into telehealth obstetric visits during the COVID-19 pandemic for pregnant patients at risk of preeclampsia. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients with one or more preeclampsia risk factors who delivered at a tertiary hospital from January to March 2021. Information pertaining to patients' number of antepartum, postpartum, and telehealth visits, blood pressure cuff access, and documentation of SMBP readings was recorded. Analyses were conducted in RStudio version 2022.12.0 + 353 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing). Results: Of 721 eligible patients, 244 (33.8%) had 2 or more ante- or postpartum telehealth visits. Of these 244 patients, 142 (58.2%) had chart documentation of owning a home blood pressure cuff. Only 106 (43.4%) had 1 or more SMBP documented in their telehealth visit notes, and they were more likely to have received care at federally qualified health centers than maternal fetal medicine clinics (p = 0.018) or private clinics (p < 0.001). Charts revealed no explanation for lack of blood pressure documentation during telehealth visits for most cases (n = 129, 93.5%). Conclusions: Opportunities exist to standardize blood pressure recording and documentation during telehealth visits, especially for patients with risk factors for preeclampsia, and to advocate for greater access to home blood pressure cuffs for all pregnant patients.

Geographic Distribution and Temporal Trends of Zika Virus Outbreaks in India (2016-2023): Insights From the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme Data.

Introduction This study examines the geographic distribution and temporal trends of Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in India from 2016 to 2023 using data from the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP). The burden of ZIKV in India has risen due to its rapid spread and significant health impacts. Existing literature highlights seasonal and geographic patterns but lacks a comprehensive, long-term analysis specific to India. This study addresses this gap by analyzing trends over seven years to inform better public health responses. Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted using publicly available data from the IDSPon reported Zika cases from January 2016 to December 2023. Descriptive statistical methods and geographic information system(GIS) mapping techniques were employed to analyze the geographic distribution and temporal trends of ZIKVoutbreaks in India. The data were analyzed and visualized using R software version 4.3.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria), with heat maps and choropleth maps to identify hotspots, and line diagrams to identify temporal trends. Results Zika outbreaks predominantly occurred during the post-monsoon season, accounting for 47.62% (n= 10) of the total 21 outbreaks, followed by the monsoon season with 33.33% (n = 7), and summer with 19.05% (n = 4). Two deaths were reported during a significant outbreak in Madhya Pradesh in 2018. Temporal trends indicated notable spikes in cases in 2018 (131 cases) and 2021 (234 cases), with no cases reported in 2019 and 2020. The geographic distribution maps highlighted significant concentrations of ZIKV outbreaks in specific districts within Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Kerala. Discussion The study identified seasonal patterns, with most cases occurring in the post-monsoon season. The geographic spread of the ZIKV was observed in eight states from 2016 to 2023. GIS identified three hotspots in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Kerala. Conclusion The study highlights the need for heightened surveillance and targeted intervention preparedness during high-risk seasons. Enhancing testing facilities and data reporting systems could improve outbreak identification, management, and response.

INFLUENCE OF NON-PHYSICAL PUNISHMENT ON STUDENTS DISCIPLINE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF NYAMASHEKE DISTRICT, RWANDA

The research investigated the influence of non-physical punishment on students discipline in public secondary schools in Nyamasheke district. The analysis was done using IBM/SPSS, where statistical calculations like frequencies, means, standard deviation, and correlation were used. This study aims to evaluate the impact of non-physical punishments on students discipline in selected public secondary schools in Nyamasheke district, Rwanda. A sample of 240 respondents, including teachers, parents, and students, was selected from 600 teachers, general assembly members, and student representatives. The research methodology involves simple random sampling. The correlation analysis and linear regression models were adopted. The findings indicated that the overall mean was 3.14, which was between agree (3) and strongly agree (4), indicating that there was a significant relationship between non-physical punishment and the discipline of students in public secondary schools. The statistical results showed that there was a relationship between non-physical punishment and students discipline. 767** that concluded that there was a statistically significant relationship between non-physical punishment and students discipline in public secondary schools in Nyamasheke district, Rwanda. The study recommended that schools administrations should improve non-physical punishment that promotes good collaboration between teacher and student for the purpose of promoting school academic performance.

Comparative assessment of different rose cultivars under environmental conditions in central Transylvania, Romania

Despite the abundance of rose varieties, it is necessary to create and use new genotypes to improve the appearance of green spaces and meet the demands of society, as well as to ensure their response to environmental variables and climate change. To assess the overall value and flower quality of several Romanian and foreign varieties under the ecological circumstances of Northwest Romania, 14 rose varieties from the shrub and floribunda groups were examined. The study identified notable variations among the cultivars for plant growth, foliage, flowers, and their susceptibility to the three primary fungal diseases (black spot, powdery mildew, and rust) prevalent in the study area. Additionally, the study identified the cultivars with proper resilience to frost during the five-year investigation period, particularly after the cold winters. New varieties obtained at HRS Cluj-Napoca, such as Cristiana, Pasiune mov, Maria-Cristina and Splendid, and international varieties such as Fisherman's Friend, Bonica and Mirato, stood out for their decorative quality and attractive floral elements. Some of these varieties have also been considered potential parents for disease and frost resistance in new hybridization projects. Broad-sense heritability data for the quantitative variables under investigation, as well as multivariate analyses, provided useful information for new rose breeding programs. The comparison of quantitative and qualitative assessments of important decorative traits for the roses, together with proper statistical calculation processes to assure their validity and trustworthiness, enabled the development of hypotheses or working models that can improve rose breeding efficiency.

Extended analysis on peripheral blood cytokines correlated with hepatitis B virus viral load in chronically infected patients - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) can affect life quality. Monitoring and understanding the fluctuations of the HBV level of viremia related to the intricate immune activity of the host helps in the development of new treatment strategies and evaluation patterns. This meta-analysis presents the correlations between cytokines and the level of viremia in chronic HBV patients for a better comprehension of the immune mechanisms behind this infection. We used PRISMA guidelines for this meta-analysis. The databases assessed were PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library. ZOTERO and PlotDigitizer helped the systematic research process. We extracted information related to the correlations between cytokines and the HBV-DNA level. Effect measures included comparisons between standardized mean differences and correlation coefficients. We evaluated retrieved articles with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). The R 4.2.2 software displayed the statistical calculation and graphical representations. From 58,169 records, we extracted 16 articles with 32 different cytokine determinations. The main interleukins included in detection panels were IL-10 and IL-21. The meta-correlation analysis comprised 1,199 chronic HBV patients. The standardized mean difference between cytokine levels in HBV patients and healthy controls was 0.82 (95% CI = [-0.19, 1.84], p = 0.11). We observed a significant, fair, pooled correlation coefficient between IL-10, IL-9, and the viral load (r = 0.52, 95% CI = [0.19, 0.85]). This meta-analysis brings novelty because it gives a first rigorous systematic look at multiple studies with many cytokines. Our research approaches a debatable issue and gives a possible solution for settling controversies. Future studies can arise towards understanding the immune disruption in HBV and the development of new, improved assays for prognosis.

Efficacy and Mechanism of Acupoint Catgut Embedding in the Treatment of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Protocol for a Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that manifests as itching and wheals, seriously affecting quality of life. Clinical observations and previous research trials have shown that acupuncture is safe and effective for the treatment of CSU. However, there are problems, such as a short duration of action and frequent treatment. Compared with traditional acupuncture, acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) has the advantages of a longer effect and higher compliance. Clinical trials are needed to prove its efficacy and mechanism of action. This trial aims to provide definitive evidence for the treatment of CSU with ACE and explore the mechanism of ACE. This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. In this trial, 108 participants aged 18-60 years with a diagnosis of CSU and no history of ACE will be randomly assigned to 2 groups (1:1 ratio) using the Statistical Analysis System: treatment (ACE) and control (sham ACE). The participants and efficacy evaluators will be blinded to the grouping. Both the ACE and sham ACE groups will undergo acupuncture, but the sham ACE group will not receive catgut sutures. Treatment will be performed twice weekly for 8 weeks, with a 1-week run-in period and a 16-week follow-up period. Twenty patients will be randomly selected to undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after the treatment period. The primary outcome will be the urticaria activity score over 7 days (UAS7). We will use R (version 4.0.1; R Project for Statistical Computing) to perform ANOVA and independent samples t tests to compare the differences within and between groups before and after treatment by judging the rejection range based on a significance level of .05. The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Guang'anmen Hospital on September 7, 2022, and has been registered on November 30, 2022. Recruitment began on March 1, 2023. A total of 4-6 participants are expected to be recruited each month. The recruitment is planned to be completed on March 1, 2025, and we expect to publish our results by the winter of 2025. As of November 1, 2023, we have enrolled 25 participants with CSU. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial aims to provide definitive evidence for the treatment of CSU with ACE and explore the mechanism of ACE. We hypothesize that wheals and itching will show greater improvement in participants receiving active therapy than in those receiving sham treatment. The limitations of this study include its single-center trial design, small sample size, and short treatment duration, which may have certain impacts on the research results. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200066274; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=179056. DERR1-10.2196/54376.

The A-optimal subsampling approach to the analysis of count data of massive size

The uniform and the statistical leverage-scores-based (nonuniform) distributions are often used in the development of randomised algorithms and the analysis of data of massive size. Both distributions, however, are not effective in extraction of important information in data. In this article, we construct the A-optimal subsampling estimators of parameters in generalised linear models (GLM) to approximate the full-data estimators, and derive the A-optimal distributions based on the criterion of minimising the sum of the component variances of the subsampling estimators. As calculating the distributions has the same time complexity as the full-data estimator, we generalise the Scoring Algorithm introduced in Zhang, Tan, and Peng ((2023), ‘Sample Size Determination forMultidimensional Parameters and A-Optimal Subsampling in a Big Data Linear Regression Model’, To appear in the Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation. Preprint. Available at https://math.indianapolis.iu.edu/hanxpeng/SSD_23_4.pdf) in a Big Data linear model to GLM using the iterative weighted least squares. The paper presents a comprehensive numerical evaluation of our approach using simulated and real data through the comparison of its performance with the uniform and the leverage-scores- subsamplings. The results exhibited that our approach substantially outperformed the uniform and the leverage-scores subsamplings and the Algorithm significantly reduced the computing time required for implementing the full-data estimator.

The Effect Of Job Description On Employee Performance At The Office Of The Regional Revenue Agency Of Tual City

This study aims to determine the effect of Job Description on employee performance at the Tual City Regional Revenue Agency Office. The types of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The research instrument used in this study used the Likert scale method. Based on the results of data research using statistical calculations through the Statistical for the Social Science (SPSS) application regarding the Effect of Job Description on Employee Performance, the author can conclude that Variable X, namely Job Description, has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance with a Job Description (X) coefficient value of 0.393 and a calculated t value of 2,836 t &gt; table 2.021 with a significant value of 0.007 &lt; 0.05.

The Effect Of Capital Structure And Cash Flow Operations On Profitability In Manufacturing Companies Listed On The Indonesia Stock Exchange

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of capital structure and Cash Flow Operations on profitability in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. This type of research data is descriptive with a quantitative approach obtained from annual financial report data of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The sample used in this research was 30 companies. The data collection used in this research is the documentation method by accessing the idx.Co.id site. The research instrument used in this research uses the panel data method. The results of the research show data using statistical calculations through the Eviews 12 application on the influence of capital structure and Cash Flow Operations on profitability in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange which was discussed in the previous chapter, so the author draws important conclusions that capital structure research has a positive and significant effect on profitability and cash flow operations have no effect on profitability.

Development of an Improvised Solar Powered E-Grass Cutter: Utilizing Microcontroller Technology

Thesis Abstract: Farmers were greatly impacted by the improvised solar-powered e-grass cutter that used microcontroller technology. This might be used to agriculture and encourage farmers to develop equipment and products made of recycled materials. The current study primarily focuses on the development, design, and evaluation of an improvised solar-powered E-Grass cutter that makes use of microcontroller technology. The actual questionnaire that was distributed to the chosen respondents was used by the researchers. The researchers utilized descriptive statistics to interpret the data because they provide a quantitative description or summary of the characteristics of the data collection. The weighted mean and percentage were employed in all statistical calculations. According to the study's findings, 26 of the respondents were farmers. Functionality, durability, and usability all received weighted averages of 3.60, 3.93, and 3.61. and safety achieved a weighted average of 3.53 overall. According to the evaluation of the farmers utilizing the E-grass cutter, the makeshift E-grass cutter's functionality, durability, usefulness, and safety all satisfied the necessary standards to carry out its intended functions.

Analysis of Internal Factors Affecting Tax Avoidance in the 4.0 Era in Digital Technology Sector

This study aims to analyze internal factors that influence tax avoidance in the annual financial reports of digital technology sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 research period in the economy 4.0 era. The independent variables in this study are profitability, fixed asset intensity, and leverage. The approach used in this study is a secondary data quantitative approach. The population of the study was 73 digital technology sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2018-2022 research period, and the sample was taken using the purposive sampling method with a total of 25 companies so that the number of observations in the study was 125 observation data. The data analysis technique uses panel data regression analysis using statistical calculations. The results of the research analysis prove that profitability and leverage have a partial and positive and negative influence on tax avoidance. In contrast, fixed asset intensity does not have a partial and negative influence on tax avoidance. The managerial implications are that the implementation of digital technology can help create a more transparent and accountable system, and the use of data-based audit technology can detect anomalies and potential tax avoidance earlier.

Evaluating the portable X-ray fluorescence reliability for metal(loid)s detection and soil contamination status.

Marginalized communities experience barriers that can prevent soil monitoring efforts and knowledge transfer. To address this challenge, this study compared two analytical methods: portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF, less time, cost) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, "gold standard"). Surface soil samples were collected from residential sites in Arizona, USA (N = 124) and public areas in Troy, New York, USA (N = 33). Soil preparation differed between groups to account for community practice. Statistical calculations were conducted, paired t test, Bland-Altman plot, and a two-way ANOVA indicated no significant difference for As, Ba, Ca, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn concentrations except for Ba in the t test. Iron, Ni, Cr, and K were statistically different for Arizona soils and V, Ni, Fe, and Al concentrations were statistically different for New York soils. Zinc was the only element with high R2 and low p value. Pollution load index (PLI), enrichment factors (EF), and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were calculated for both methods using U.S. Geological Survey data. The PLI were > 1, indicating soil pollution in the two states. Between pXRF and ICP-MS, the Igeo and EF in Arizona had similar degree of contamination for most elements except Zn in garden and Pb in yard, respectively. For New York, the Igeo of As, Cu, and Zn differed by only one classification index between the two methods. The pXRF was reliable in determining As, Ba, Ca, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn in impacted communities. Therefore, the pXRF can be a cost-effective alternative to using ICP-MS techniques to screen soil samples for several environmentally relevant contaminants to protect environmental public health.

The possibilities of predicting the individual risk of cervical cancer in women of reproductive age using mathematical modeling

Background. Cervical cancer (CC) refers to cancer of visual localization and in women of reproductive age remains one of the most common oncological diseases. The carcinogenesis of CC is caused by the persistence of highly oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV), the level of carcinogenicity of which is the highest based on the criteria of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, cervical carcinogenesis does not occur in all cases of persistence of highly oncogenic types of HPV. This, in turn, determines the need for a thorough search, study and analysis of possible cofactors that can lead to neoplastic changes in the cervix.Aim. To develop a model for predicting the individual risk of CC in women of reproductive age, taking into account clinical, anamnestic, laboratory and histological data.Materials and methods. The material for the study was retrospective examination data from 251 patients of reproductive age who were treated at the Center for Gynecology and Reproductive Technologies of the National Medical Research Center “Medical and Rehabilitation Center”, Ministry of Health of Russia in the period 2015–2022. Results. Highly oncogenic HPV types were significantly more common in the group of patients with verified СС who took combined oral contraceptives (COC), compared with patients who did not take COC (p = 0.035). Multifactorial analysis allowed us to determine that long-term use of СОС for a total of more than 7 years is associated with a tendency to increase the risk of developing СС (hazard ratio 1.68; 95 % confidence interval 1.1–2.5; p = 0.010). According to the results of statistical calculation, the values of regression coefficients were obtained and the tendency to increase the risk of developing CC was predicted in the presence of such factors as: HPV type 16 persistence, body mass index, and the duration of COC intake in years.Conclusion. Thus, taking into account all possible risk factors for CC, the negative effect of cofactors, namely increased body mass index and prolonged intake of COC, on the course of HPV as the leading etiological factor of breast cancer, will allow us to identify groups at increased risk of developing CC, form an individual algorithm for monitoring and examination throughout the entire period of taking COC, as well as conduct individual cancer prevention by limiting the duration of taking COC.

From sunburn detection to optimal cooling: A review of recent applications of thermal imaging to improve preharvest and postharvest handling of fruit and vegetables

Fruit and vegetables (FV) are susceptible to adverse physiological and biochemical changes due to temperature abuse during preharvest and postharvest handling. Rapid, reliable, and non-invasive technologies such as infrared (IR) cameras are new, cost-effective tools that can record temperature profiles of FV in real-time. In this article, the basic principles of thermal imaging (TI) technology and its recent applications in preharvest and postharvest handling of FV as a temperature monitoring tool are concisely highlighted. Detection of preharvest and postharvest quality of FV (wetness, immaturity, bruise, etc.) based on thermal images are also summarized. Additionally, different modeling and simulation methods, including statistical modeling, computer simulation, machine learning (MLR), and deep learning (DLR), are briefly introduced into the preharvest and postharvest handling of FV, and applications of TI technique as a temperature validation tool in these methods are also discussed. This review article summarized that non-contact TI technique exhibits great potential to monitor temperature profiles on the field and during the postharvest handling of FV in real-time. Quality attributes, such as sunburn, immaturity, and bruises in FV, can be detected by using thermal images. Therefore, yields can be increased in the field, and food losses reduced during the postharvest handling of FV using TI technology. Furthermore, TI technology is an effective validation tool for simulation studies of foods. Future research should focus on developing low-cost TI systems and integrating multiple imaging techniques to facilitate the decision-making process in the FV industry.

Study of the microstructure of asphalt concrete using X-ray computed tomography

A mechanical digital twin (a mechanical finite-element model) of an asphalt concrete sample has been developed in the framework of a project for recycling polymer composite materials with fibrous reinforcement (fiberglass) as an alternative for crushed stone in the asphalt concrete production. A methodology of using X-ray computed tomography (XCT) for analysis of the asphalt concrete microstructure and calculation of the mechanical properties is developed. The data processing chain for developing a digital twin of the asphalt concrete microstructure, based on X-ray micro-computed tomography (XCT) image includes the following steps: 1) image enhancement; 2) image segmentation; 3) analysis of the morphology of pores and solid particles; 4) transformation of the segmented image into a voxels-based finite element (FE) model. It is demonstrated that the XCT resolution of 40 μm is sufficient for a reliable identification of microstructural parameters, i.e., volume fractions of the components, distributions of voids (pores) in size, shape and spatial position, as well as distributions of the crushed brittle additives (fiberglass chips) in size. The FE model constitutes a digital twin of the material, and, after specifying the characteristics of the material components, can be used for simulation of the thermomechanical and functional properties of the material. The developed procedure is exemplified in the calculation of statistics of the compression and shear moduli of the asphalt concrete with addition of crushed fiberglass particles. The dependence of the calculated elastic properties on the size of the digital twin is studied. It is shown that a model size of 10 mm and more is sufficient for the microstructural representativity and calculation of the homogenization characteristics. The results can be used for analysis of the microstructure and structure-dependent thermomechanical properties of asphalt concrete. The developed finite element model can be used for modelling of the visco-elastic response of asphalt concrete and its behavior under cyclic loading.

Towards a profound understanding of methyl orange removal from industrial wastewater using a raw walnut shell: Kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics, and statistical physics calculations

The present study investigates the adsorption of the anionic dye methyl orange (MO) using raw walnut shells (RWS). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to evaluate RWS collected in the Moroccan High Atlas (Tounfite) highlands. The batch mode adsorption experiments showed a remarkable removal during the first ten minutes, suggesting that the adsorption capacity is controlled by several parameters related to both the medium and the adsorbent. Based on the experimental results, 98 % of the MO dye was adsorbed on the walnut shell at pH >5 and room temperature (25±2 °C). The general order best explained the adsorption of MO on the walnut shells, suggesting that the number of active sites required changes with temperature. The two-layer model was the most appropriate physical-statistical model to explain the L-2 isotherms regarding the adsorption equilibrium. According to the models, methyl orange tends to be adsorbed on the surface of the monolayer, with individual molecules then adsorbing on top of each other. At all temperatures studied, the adsorption is endothermic and tends to be spontaneous, according to simulations of thermodynamic functions of RWS.

Pengaruh Tingkat Pengetahuan Orang Tua Terhadap Penyakit Pneumonia Dan Pemberian Imunisasi Pneumocuccal Conjugate (PCV)

Introduction: Pneumonia is an infection or acute inflammation of the lung tissue caused by various microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, exposure to chemicals, or physical damage to the lungs. Pneumonia usually affects children, but it can be prevented by vaccine PCV. Based on the above, researchers are interested in conducting a study entitled “Influence Level Of Parental Knowledge Of Pneumonia And Immunization Pneumococcal Conjugate (PCV) In Integrated Healthcare Center Camelia.” Objective: Knowing the influence level of parental knowledge of pneumonia and immunization pneumococcal conjugate (PCV) in Integrated Healthcare Center Camelia.” Methods: The study used cross-sectional and purposive sampling with a sample of 36 people. Data techniques are included in univariate analysis using frequency distribution and bivariate analysis using statistical calculations of SPSS programs. Results: Results showed that there was a significant level of parental knowledge of pneumonia, with p-value (0,026) &lt; α (0,05) showing that there were significant differences in the level of parental knowledge of pneumonia. and immunization pneumococcal conjugate (PCV). Discussion: There is a significant influence on the level of parental knowledge of pneumonia and immunization pneumococcal conjugate (PCV). It is hoped that it will increase the knowledge of parents so that the coverage of immunization completeness is fulfilled, especially PCV immunization.

One-pot synthesis of N'-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)isonicotinohydrazide Schiff-base as a corrosion inhibitor for C-steel in 1 M HCl: Theoretical, electrochemical, adsorption and spectroscopic inspections

Although carbon steel (CS) is an essential component utilized in many industries, it regrettably corrodes when exposed to acidic conditions. Schiff bases have recently become more concerned with the corrosion prevention of CS. Hydrazides and the related compounds shown to be effective inhibitors of CS corrosion in acids. These compounds are commonly employed as origins or intermediates to several key molecules in the synthesis of organic compounds, and they are highly sought after due to their wide range of biological and therapeutic applications. They have anti-bacterial, anti-malarial, anti-fungal, and anticancer properties, as well as corrosion protection. Hence, the inhibitory effectiveness of a new synthesized (E)-N'-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene) isonicotinohydrazide (TMNH) Schiff-base for the corrosion of CS in 1 M HCl was explored. The structure of TMNH was validated by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. A number of chemical, spectral, and electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and mass loss (ML) have been used to evaluate its anticorrosion power. PDP measurements showed that it is a mixed-type inhibitor. In addition, EIS measurements showed that Rct increased sharply from 37 without the corrosion inhibitor to 589 Ω cm-2 in the presence of 1 mM TMNH and from PDP scans, the corresponding icorr decreased dramatically from 0.6158 to 0.0314 μA cm-2. ML tests have proven their effectiveness, achieving an inhibitory efficiency of 95.3 %. Adsorption studies were also conducted to determine the nature of the corrosion retardation mechanism. The TMNH inhibitor was spontaneously chemically/physically adsorbed onto the CS surface following the Langmuir isotherm. Statistical calculations were also applied to verify the accuracy of the experimental results. The Monte Carlo model showed that the inhibitory molecules adsorbed flat on only one side, increasing the chances of adsorption.

The Influence of Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance in Working Students

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of organizational commitment on employee work performance among Working Students. The research method used is a quantitative method. Data was collected using a survey method, using a questionnaire. The sample taken consisted of 66 respondents. The results of these measurements showed that statistical calculations obtained a correlation coefficient of r = 0.514 and a coefficient of determination of R = r2 = 0.265. Testing the significance of the correlation obtained tcount (4,800) &gt; t table (1,670) ata = 0.05, this shows that the correlation coefficient is significant. Thus, the research hypothesis which states that there is a relationship between Organizational Commitment and Employee Performance can be accepted. This means that the higher the Organizational Commitment, the higher the Employee Performance will be.