With the rapid development of information technology, Internet technology based on big data promotes the formation of digital economy. As a key factor of production in the information age, digital economy has attracted the attention of all countries in the world. In 2017, the CPC Central Committee clearly proposed to build a digital economy with data as the key element. Digital economy is increasingly becoming the mainstream of global economic development. China is in a critical period of economic transformation, and the world is also facing the unprecedented changes in a hundred years. Whether we can seize this mainstream development and push China’s economy to a new level is very important to the national economy. Firstly, this paper expounds the development history and significance of big data technology and digital economy, investigates the development status of digital economy in China, classifies digital economy based on big data ecology, and gives the evaluation principles and theoretical basis of digital economy. Finally, this paper explores the influence model of industrial structure on digital economy, combs the empirical analysis ideas of the influence model, and puts forward some relevant suggestions on the development status of digital economy in China. Based on the background of big data statistics, this paper uses structural equation to study the factors that affect the development of digital economy and gives the model empirical ideas, aiming at promoting the development of national digital economy.