Statistical Assessment Research Articles

CNSC-34. SURGICAL INTERVENTION ASSOCIATION WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUBSEQUENT DISSEMINATION IN CHILDHOOD DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMAS (DIPG)

Abstract BACKGROUND Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is one of the most aggressive pediatric central nervous system tumors, and currently, there are no curative treatment options available. With the increasing application of molecular diagnostics, more and more DIPG patients are recommended to undergo surgery; however, its correlation with dissemination needs to be better understood. Hence, we conducted this cohort to analyze the predictors of subsequent metastasis in pediatric DIPGs. METHODS The final analysis included 142 pediatric (age ≤ 12) DIPG patients treated at Sanjiu Brain Hospital between January 2017 and September 2023. The data were retrospectively collected following the initial diagnosis. Patients were followed up for 6 months. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of subsequent metastasis. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to identify statistically significant predictors of subsequent dissemination. All statistical assessments were two-tailed, and only P < 0.05 was deemed to be statistically significant. RESULTS Among 142 patients, 14(9.9%) developed metastasis within the follow-up time. There were 77(54.2%) males and 65(45.8%) females. The median age was 7 years (ranging 1 - 12 years). The overall cohort demonstrated that surgery was the only predictor of dissemination both in univariable (OR 4.567, 95%CI 1.351 – 20.901, P = 0.024) and multivariable (OR 5.501, 95%CI 1.560 – 26.105, P = 0.014) analyses. However, subgroup analysis involving patients who received surgical intervention showed that biopsy was not superior nor inferior to resection in terms of relative risk for subsequent dissemination (16.7% vs. 15.8%). CONCLUSION Surgical intervention increases the relative risk of dissemination occurrence to four times more than those who did not receive surgery. Surgical intervention is crucial given the potential of molecular analysis leading to improved therapeutic options. Nonetheless, patients should be informed about the risks associated with surgery, including subsequent metastasis.

Analyzing dynamics of extreme weather events (EWE) in India: unfolding trends through statistical assessment of 50 years data (1970–2019)

Analyzing dynamics of extreme weather events (EWE) in India: unfolding trends through statistical assessment of 50 years data (1970–2019)

Assessment of different interpolation algorithms for daily rainfall spatial distribution in the Var catchment, France

AbstractTo have effective water resource management, the distributed hydrological models are commonly applied for supporting the decision‐making processes. Among different inputs, the spatial distributed rainfall plays significant role in those model simulations. Many interpolation methods have been developed for generating distributed rainfall based on measurement samples. However, depending on the catchment characteristics and data availability, the suitable interpolation algorithm is case‐dependent. This paper presents one operational approach for determining the resonable interpolation algorithm in a complex large catchment (Var catchment, France). Based on the daily rainfall data (2008–2014) collected from 16 stations in the Var catchment, six different interpolation approaches including: inverse distance weight (IDW), spline, kriging with linear and spherical semi‐variogram models and geographically weighted regression considering elevation effects and the combined impacts of elevation and distance to the sea were tested. Integrated the results of statistical and modeling assessments, the 400 m resolution distributed rainfall generated by IDW algorithm shows high preference in generating distributed rainfall in the Var catchment. Moreover, the strategy described in the article also shows promising acceptability for other catchments.

Biaxial tubular hybrid braided structures with supreme tensile performance: Experimental and statistical assessments

Biaxial tubular braided structures are increasingly being recognized as superior alternatives to traditional materials in structural engineering due to their enhanced tensile properties and durability. In this study, the mechanical characteristics of these structures are examined, focusing on the influence of braiding angle, yarn hybridization, and layer configurations on tensile behavior. Sixteen diverse specimens, crafted from polyester and basalt yarns using a 32-carrier vertical braiding machine, are explored, incorporating variations across four braiding angles, three hybridizations, and both single and dual-layer setups. Each specimen underwent rigorous uniaxial tensile testing, revealing critical insights into the relationships between structural configuration and mechanical performance. It was found that increasing the braiding angle significantly enhances elongation, strain, and energy absorption capacities. Additionally, a higher basalt yarn content was observed to amplify tensile strength, suggesting potential for tailored structural optimization. Notably, dual-layer configurations were found to outperform single layers in tensile efficiency, underscoring the advantage of layered designs in engineering applications. A significant gap in current literature is filled by this study, as a detailed analysis of biaxial tubular hybrid braids is provided, paving the way for their informed application in advanced composite structures.

Inundation and evacuation of shoreline populations during landslide-triggered tsunamis: an integrated numerical and statistical hazard assessment

Abstract. The volcanic island of Stromboli (southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) is renowned for its persistent, periodic, low-intensity explosive activity, whose spectacular manifestations attract tens of thousands of tourists every year. However, sporadic more intense major explosive and effusive eruptions and paroxysms pose serious threats to the island. In addition to direct hazards, granular slides of volcanic debris and pyroclastic avalanches, which can rapidly reach the sea and potentially generate tsunamis, are often associated with such unpredictable eruptive activity. Due to the very fast propagation of the tsunami around the island and the consequent short tsunami warning time (ranging from less than a minute to only a few minutes), mitigation efforts and evacuation from the Strombolian coast must be carefully planned. In this paper, we describe a new GIS-assisted procedure that allows us to combine the outputs of an ensemble of 156 pre-computed landslide-generated tsunami hazard scenarios (with variable landslide volume, position, and density), statistical exposure data (i.e. the number of inhabitants and tourists), and digital geographic information to obtain a quantitative (scenario-based) risk analysis. By means of the analysis of the road network and coastal morphology, we develop a model with routes and times to reach a safe area from every pixel in the inundated area and an appraisal of the time needed to escape versus the wave arrival time. This allows us to evaluate and quantify the effectiveness of potential risk mitigation by means of evacuation. The creation of an impact score linking the predicted inundation extent and the tsunami warning signals is intended, in the long term, to be used to predict the intensity of future tsunamis and to adapt evacuation plans accordingly. The model, here applied to Stromboli, is general and can be applied to other volcanic islands. Evacuating an island hosting several thousand tourists every summer with very little warning time underlines the absolute necessity for such mitigation efforts, aimed at informing hazard planners and managers and all other stakeholders.

Towards Achilles Tendon Injury Prevention in Athletes with Structural MRI Biomarkers: A Machine Learning Approach.

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have proven their effectiveness in orthopaedic settings, especially in tasks like medical image analysis. This study compares human musculoskeletal radiologists to artificial intelligence in a novel, detailed, short, and cost-effective examination of Achilles tendon magnetic resonance images to uncover potential disparities in their reasoning approaches. Aiming to identify relationships between the structured assessment of the Achilles tendon and its function that could support injury prevention. We examined 72 athletes to investigate the link between Achilles tendon structure, as visualised in magnetic resonance images using a precise T2*-weighted gradient echo sequence with very short echo times, and its functional attributes. The acquired data were analysed using advanced artificial intelligence techniques and reviewed by radiologists. Additionally, we conducted statistical assessments to explore relationships with functional studies in four meaningful groups: dynamic strength, range of motion, muscle torque and stabilography. The results show notable linear or non-linear relationships between functional indicators and structural alterations (maximal obtained Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.3 to 0.36 for radiological assessment and from 0.33 to 0.49 for artificial intelligence assessment, while maximal normalised mutual information ranged from 0.52 to 0.57 for radiological assessment and from 0.42 to 0.6 for artificial intelligence assessment). Moreover, when artificial intelligence-based magnetic resonance assessment was utilised as an input, the associations consistently proved more robust, or the count of significant relationships surpassed that derived from radiological assessment. Ultimately, utilising only structural parameters as inputs enabled us to explain up to 59% of the variance within specific functional groups. This analysis revealed that structural parameters influence four key functional aspects related to the Achilles tendon. Furthermore, we found that relying solely on subjective radiologist opinions limited our ability to reason effectively, in contrast to the structured artificial intelligence assessment. Cross-sectional studies.

Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire: VioScreen-Allergy

Background/Objectives: An adapted version of an online pictorial food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), VioScreen-Allergy, assesses total dietary intake and intake of allergens and foods in the maternal diet index (MDI), linked to offspring allergy. This study assessed intermethod reliability, test–retest reliability, and external validity of the VioScreen-Allergy. Methods: Females of childbearing age were recruited at Denver Health and Children’s Hospital, Colorado, USA, and were asked to complete four 24 h recalls and two VioScreen-Allergy FFQs over the course of a month. All those with at least two 24 h dietary recalls and both VioScreen-Allergy assessments were analyzed. Energy-adjusted and non-adjusted linear mixed models (1) compared MDI scores and intake of nutrients and allergens as measures of intermethod reliability; (2) evaluated VioScreen-Allergy test–retest reliability as differences between repeated measurements; and (3) assessed external validity by modeling associations between VioScreen-Allergy-derived intake of beta-carotene and orange vegetables and Veggie Meter®-assessed skin carotenoids. Bonferroni corrections controlled multiple comparisons within the assessment. Results: Of 53 participants enrolled, 25 demographically dissimilar participants were included in the analysis. There were no significant differences between 24 h recall and VioScreen-Allergy mean intakes of macronutrients, micronutrients, allergens, or MDI, except for Vitamin C, niacin, and cashew allergen protein. There were no significant differences between repeated measurements of VioScreen-Allergy, either energy-adjusted or unadjusted. Both beta-carotene and orange vegetable servings were significantly associated with Veggie Meter®. Conclusions: Although non-significance could have been due to low power, clinical as well as statistical assessments of intermethod reliability, test–retest reliability, and external validity suggest that VioScreen-Allergy has reasonable utility for trials assessing food allergens and MDI in the context of overall intake. The VioScreen questionnaire can also be used in future studies to assess macro- and micronutrient intake. Additional validation studies assessing different portion sizes and foods eaten by infants and young children are currently undergoing.

Breast cancer and its determinants in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among women. Still, there is a paucity of studies to know the magnitude of the problem in Ethiopia. Hence, this review was intended to pool the prevalence and identify the determinants of breast cancer in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Databases like PubMed/MEDLINE, HINARI, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, as well as websites of organisationsI organizations,rewere searched between 25 February and 6 March 2023. All observational studies in Ethiopia that reported either the magnitude and/or determinants of breast cancer regardless of publication status were included. Two authors independently assessed and extracted the data. The Joanna Briggs Institute meta-analysis of statistics assessment and review instrument quality appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of the articles. Effect estimates were done by using the random-effects model. The meta-analysis results were displayed by using forest plots. Seventeen articles were reviewed with 24 435 total participants. The pooled proportion of breast cancer morbidity among patients with cancer was 20. 58% (95% CI 17.25%, 23.90%) in Ethiopia. Consuming packed foods (POR=2.12, 95% CI 1.41, 3.17), presence of high cholesterol (POR=4.08; 95% CI 2.75, 6.07), physical inactivity (POR=3.27; 95% CI 1.80, 5.94), high body mass index (BMI) (POR=2.27; 95% CI 0.85, 6.03), postmenopause (POR=2.25; 95% CI 1.63, 3.10), family history of cancer (POR=3.65; 95% CI 0.85, 15.71) and lack of breastfeeding (POR=2.76; 95% CI 0.90, 7.92) were the determinants of breast cancer. One of five patients with cancer is diagnosed with breast cancer in Ethiopia. Furthermore, more than a quarter of women with cancer suffer from breast cancer. Processed food consumption, high cholesterol in the body, lack of physical activity, high BMI, postmenopause, family history of cancer and lack of breastfeeding were the risk factors for breast cancer. The use of healthy food sources such as fruits and vegetables, and homegrown varieties of crops rather than seeking processed foods would help. CRD42023417733.

Simulation-free magnetic resonance-guided radiation therapy of prostate cancer

Background and purposeDespite recent advances of online image-guided high-precision patient positioning and adaptation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or cone-beam computed tomography (CT), standard radiation therapy pathway still involves a dedicated simulation scan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and planning quality of integrating a simulation-free treatment planning workflow for adaptive online MRI-guided radiation therapy on a 1.5 T MRI linear accelerator (MRI-Linac) in prostate cancer using diagnostic CT (dCT) scans. Materials and methodsFor ten patients with prostate cancer previously treated at the MRI-Linac with adaptive radiation therapy (42.7 Gy in 7 fractions), simulation-free reference plans based on dCT were retrospectively created, and adaptive plans were simulated for the first treatment fraction. Reference and adapted plans derived from both standard and simulation-free workflows were compared with regard to institutional dose volume criteria, followed by statistical assessment using the paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a Bonferroni-corrected significance level of α = 0.025. ResultsSimulation-free reference and adapted plans consistently met dose volume criteria. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between both workflows, except median values for near-maximum dose (D2%) in the planning target volume: 44.2 Gy (standard) vs. 44.5 Gy (simulation-free) in reference plans (p = 0.014), and 44.5 Gy vs. 44.6 Gy in adapted plans (p = 0.009). ConclusionThis study demonstrated the feasibility of simulation-free radiation therapy planning using dCT. Comparable treatment plan quality was observed for both reference and adapted radiation therapy plans in a curative setting for patients with prostate cancer.

Experimental and Statistical Assessment for Hydrogen-Powered Dual-fuel Diesel Engine Using a Novel Biodiesel Blend at Variable Injection Pressure

Experimental and Statistical Assessment for Hydrogen-Powered Dual-fuel Diesel Engine Using a Novel Biodiesel Blend at Variable Injection Pressure

Data-driven diabetes management: a statistical assessment information system leveraging big data

ABSTRACT Amidst the escalating global burden of diabetes and its multifaceted complications, there arises an urgent need for robust healthcare information systems tailored to address the complexities of diabetic patient management. This paper introduces a novel statistical assessment healthcare information system engineered to meticulously analyze diabetes-related data by harnessing the power of big data technologies. Diabetes, affecting millions worldwide, exerts substantial strain on healthcare infrastructures, necessitating innovative solutions to optimize patient outcomes and treatment efficacy. Leveraging advancements in data processing and analytics alongside vast medical datasets, this study pioneers a statistical assessment model explicitly crafted for diabetes analysis within a big data paradigm. The model’s efficacy is rigorously evaluated using key performance metrics such as accuracy and F-measure, within the Hadoop framework. Remarkably, the results demonstrate a significant enhancement in performance compared to conventional methodologies, affirming the model’s potential to revolutionize the accuracy and efficiency of diabetes analysis within a big data milieu. Moving forward, further research avenues include refining the model’s algorithms to accommodate diverse data sources and expanding its applicability to encompass a broader spectrum of diabetes-related factors.

Multiscale Analysis of Surface Topography for Engineering Applications in the Casting Industry

This paper presents the results of studies aimed at assessing the impact of the molding process on the variability of surface irregularities of casting models. This research was conducted using a selected multiscale method, i.e., wavelet transformation, in both discrete and continuous perspective. The test samples were made both based on traditional methods of manufacturing casting models, i.e., machining of aluminum and wood, as well as using three additive technologies. The impact of the forming process on the variability of the topography of the produced models was evaluated. This research comprehensively relates to the assessment of the applicability of additive technologies, which are increasingly used in various industrial areas, as well as the impact of the process on surface topography in relation to scale. The statistical assessment based on the ANOVA analysis demonstrated that it is possible to distinguish between the surfaces before and after a specific number of forming cycles. Studies have shown that the impact of the forming process is relatively small, mainly affecting the long-term irregularity components, and there are no functional dependencies in terms of the impact of the forming process on the variation in surface topography in relation to the manufacturing method or its parameters.

Bibliometric Study: Natural and Engineering Sciences

Bibliometric analysis is a useful technique for assessing the impact of publishing in the scientific community. It is a statistical assessment of published scientific articles, books, or book chapters. The number of times a research paper has been mentioned by other writers indicates its importance. A bibliometric analysis of the natural and engineering sciences is presented in this work. The journal is an electronic publication that is peer-reviewed and multidisciplinary, with an e-ISSN of 2458-8989. In this study the publication and citation statistics of journals in the natural and engineering sciences from 2020 to 2024 are examined. Research in the physical, biological, and engineering sciences is the main focus in NES Journals. Environmental science, materials engineering, biotechnology, and applied physics include a few of the subjects covered by these journals. Our bibliometric analysis provides scientific research output with evidence-based descriptions and visuals.

Exploration of vitamin D hydroxy metabolites C3 epimers in cardiovascular patients: comparative cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Research on vitamin D deficiency has recently surged in popularity. This issue has been acknowledged as a widespread problem, often called a "pandemic", and approximately 90% of the Polish population suffers from vitamin D deficiency. The 3-epi-25(OH)D2 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 metabolites are stereoisomers of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 metabolites, and they may be accidentally measured when determining 25(OH)D levels and result in overestimating metabolite concentrations. Purpose Our study aims to identify vitamin D hydroxy metabolites (25-hydroxyvitamin D2, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, and their epimers 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3) in patients with cardiovascular disease and healthy volunteers. To our knowledge, no similar studies have been conducted on this topic. Method We included 27 adult patients with venous thrombosis (fourteen males and thirteen females, aged 64.11±14.84 years) and 35 healthy volunteers (thirty-three females and two males, aged 36.37±12.29 years). We used our validated UPLC-MS/MS method to measure the concentrations of 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3, 3-epi-25(OH)D2, and 3-epi-25(OH)D3. Statistica 13.3 with Plus Kit 3.0 was used for the statistical assessment. Normal variables were represented as mean and standard deviation, and non-normal variables as the median and interquartile range. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all tests. Results Patients had significantly lower levels of epi-25(OH)D2 than the healthy control group (0.6 [0.4] ng/mL vs. 2.2 [1.3-4.3] ng/mL, p = 0.004). Similarly, they exhibited significantly lower levels of %epi-25(OH)D2 (8.6 [6-22.3] % vs. 39.4 [18.5] %, p = 0.035). Females had higher levels of 25(OH)D3 than males (26.5 [16.2-37.9] ng/mL vs. 18.8 [7.5] ng/mL, p = 0.04). They also exhibited higher levels of total 25(OH)D3 (30.3 [15.6] ng/mL vs. 19.4 [7.8] ng/mL, p = 0.016). Higher age (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.18), being male (OR 17.77, 95% CI 3.54 to 89.3), and lower % 3-epi-25(OH)D2 (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.998) were univariate predictors for patients with venous thrombosis. Conclusion: Demographic factors within a given population may affect the 25(OH)D3 concentration. The results indicate that vitamin D epimeric metabolites, particularly epi-25(OH)D2, and their percentage were different in patients compared to healthy volunteers. Additional studies involving a larger population are necessary to fully comprehend the relationship between these vitamin D epimeric metabolites and cardiovascular health

Subphenotypes of adult-onset diabetes: Data-driven clustering in the population-based KORA cohort.

A data-driven cluster analysis in a cohort of European individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has previously identified four subgroups based on clinical characteristics. In the current study, we performed a comprehensive statistical assessment to (1) replicate the above-mentioned original clusters; (2) derive de novo T2D subphenotypes in the Kooperative Gesundheitsforschung in der Region Augsburg (KORA) cohort and (3) describe underlying genetic risk and diabetes complications. We used data from n = 301 individuals with T2D from KORA FF4 study (Southern Germany). Original cluster replication was assessed forcing k = 4 clusters using three different hyperparameter combinations. De novo clusters were derived by open k-means analysis. Stability of de novo clusters was assessed by assignment congruence over different variable sets and Jaccard indices. Distribution of polygenic risk scores and diabetes complications in the respective clusters were described as an indication of underlying heterogeneity. Original clusters did not replicate well, indicated by substantially different assignment frequencies and cluster characteristics between the original and current sample. De novo clustering using k = 3 clusters and including high sensitivity C-reactive protein in the variable set showed high stability (all Jaccard indices >0.75). The three de novo clusters (n = 96, n = 172, n = 33, respectively) adequately captured heterogeneity within the sample and showed different distributions of polygenic risk scores and diabetes complications, that is, cluster 1 was characterized by insulin resistance with high neuropathy prevalence, cluster 2 was defined as age-related diabetes and cluster 3 showed highest risk of genetic and obesity-related diabetes. T2D subphenotyping based on its sample's own clinical characteristics leads to stable categorization and adequately reflects T2D heterogeneity.

Research on Statistical Assessment Methods of Stock Investment Value-Taking Education Industry as Example

Abstract: This paper selects the financial statement data of 18 listed companies in the field of education and selects 9 financial indicators from the four aspects of solvency, profitability, development ability and operation ability that can reflect the comprehensive strength of listed companies. Finally, the stocks of 18 listed companies were divided into three categories: high-value stocks, potential stocks and low-value stocks according to the comprehensive strength of the companies. The results show that: (1) From the comparison between the rankings of the selected 18 stocks combined with the traditional methods by combining principal component analysis and entropy weight method, it can be seen that for the comprehensive multi-index evaluation analysis in the past five years, the ranking agreement between the two methods can reach 80% or more. Due to the unstable fluctuations of the stock market, the consistency between the analysis results and investment recommendations obtained in this paper and the actual investment situation of the stock market can also exceed 60%. (2) From the results of cluster analysis, Chuanzhi Education, Entrepreneurship Dark Horse, Guoxin Culture, China Hi-Tech and Action Education are all high-value stocks in the education category, while Meijim, Qinshang Co., Ltd., and Kaiwen Education are potential education stocks.

Differences in elemental abundances between CI chondrites and the solar photosphere

AbstractCI chondrites have been a proxy for the solar system since the mid‐20th century. The photospheric and CI chondrite abundances (P and CI, respectively) show a strong correlation. CI as a proxy is also justified by the (i) smoothness of their abundances plotted as a function of odd mass number and (ii) agreement within the error of P as determined spectroscopically. But our statistical assessment of spectroscopic studies and solar wind from the Genesis mission indicates that the small, ~10%–30%, differences (residuals) between CI and P depend on the 50% condensation temperature (Tc50). So, if CI is to be used as a proxy for P, Cosmochemists may want to add a correction to individual elements. Our work is consistent with two published hypotheses: that (i) residuals are linear with Tc50 and (ii) that elements having Tc50 > 1343 K are depleted relative to those with 495 K < Tc50 < 1343 K in CI. We discuss other interpretations which are also feasible. Understanding these small differences of the CI and P for different elements and their variation with Tc50 can help constrain future models of solar system formation and the history of CI chondrites.

Diagnostic Approaches of Palatogingival Groove: A Systematic Review

Palatogingival Grooves (PGG) constitute developmental anatomical irregularities primarily situated along the palatal aspects of the roots of maxillary incisors. Literature is sparse on diagnostic approaches of PGG. Our study aimed to alleviate clinicians the process of recognizing anomaly. Systematic electronic searches of scientific literature without publication date or language restriction were undertaken in 2023.11.03 research was conducted in PubMed, Willey Online Library, Science Direct and Medline Ovid. Using specific keywords 54 articles with 67 cases were included in our study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pre-made Cochrane data extraction templates were used for frequency evaluation, nonparametric Spearman’s, Kendall rank correlation coefficients, Mann-Whitney U Test and Odds ratio was assessed by statistic to evaluate significant correlations. Most quantitively expressed symptoms of PGG included increased tooth mobility, appearance of purulent discharge, sinus tract and periodontal pocket with an average mean of 9,14 ± 2,30 mm along with painful vertical per-cussion. However, statistical assessment showed inverse correlation between in-creased mobility and painful percussion. Furthermore, quantitively, deeper perio-dontal pockets were accompanied by more prominent gingival alterations, however only one opposing significant correlation was noted between the depth of per-iodontal pocket and existence of additional root. Frequency evaluation revealed that IPR was the main diagnostic tool used in majority of cases. Deeper periodontal pocket was assessed by conjunction of two or three tools. CBCT was used most with deeper periodontal pocket averaging 9,75 ± 1,02 mm. In conclusion, quantita-tive data suggest that periodontal pockets averaging 9,14 ± 2,30 mm, I or II-degree mobility, painful percussion and purulent discharge are the main PGG characteristics, with sparce significant correlations between them. IPR was noted as the main roentgenological modality as should be used firstly when suspecting PGG, yet both quantitative and statistical data suggest that CBCT is ought to be used to alleviate the assessment.

Analysis of long-term MSW settlement based on field data measured at two closed landfills

Waste settlement characteristics vary depending on waste composition, physical properties, waste management operations, and time. In this study, the post-closure waste settlement behavior was analyzed using field data measured at two closed municipal solid waste landfills in Korea, for 23 and 5 years after landfill closure. The long-term waste settlement data was analyzed to derive a time-varying long-term compression ratio (CLT) that was consistent with modeled biodegradation processes. A statistical assessment of the field data was conducted to examine the relationship between CLT and several factors that may affect the observed settlements. The CLT of Landfill #1 and #2 was found to vary between the two landfills that had differences in the percentage of organic matter (B0), total unit weight (γwaste), and moisture content (w) due to changes in waste management policies.

Statistical assessment for reusing permeate from dewatering water treatment sludge process: more sustainability in environmental sanitation.

Sludge from water treatment plants (WTPs) is usually processed by physicochemical clarification followed by thickening, which results in the production of an effluent from dewatering/drying sludge processes that can potentially impact the environment. This paper assessed the viability of employing sludge dewatering water from a water treatment sludge plant (WTSP) in São Paulo State, Brazil, for reuse purposes. Water quality variables were monitored in the effluent and receiving stream. The data were analyzed by paired samples Student t-test (parametric significance test), paired samples Wilcoxon signed rank test (non-parametric significance test), and principal component analysis (multivariate analysis). Despite the distribution of data, typically not Gaussian, both Student and Wilcoxon methods agreed in 9 out of 10 studied parameters regarding the influence of WTSP discharge on waterbody; only for total manganese the Wilcoxon approach provided better fit than Student. Principal component analysis helped to evince correlations among all variables. Results provided useful information for understanding the vocation of WTSP effluent for reuse. For direct non-potable reuse, recirculating the final effluent back to the WTP for two months saved 92,000 m3 of water, the volume of drinking water demanded by the city (n = 292,000 inhabitants) in approximately 30h.