Statistical Analysis Software Package Research Articles

Correlation of p53 Expression with Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Features of Human Papillomavirus in Oral Leukoplakia.

Background:Oral cancer is strongly associated with the habit of tobacco chewing, alcohol, and betel quid consumption in India. However, sometimes, majority of the population develop oral cancer without exposure to these risk factors and are sometimes cautious about their fitness, suggesting that additional causes such as genetic predisposition, diet, and viral agents may be associated which need to explored.Aims and Objectives:The aim of this study was to establish a possible correlation between clinical types of leukoplakia with their histopathological features of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the presence or absence of HPV and expression of p53through immunohistochemistry (IHC).Materials and Methods:Sample comprised of 40 cases of leukoplakia and 10 cases as control group. Three sections were prepared from each biopsy and subjected to IHC and hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain, respectively. IHC-stained slides were used to evaluate the expression of p53 and HPV and then correlated with the features of HPV infection using H and E staining. Chi-square test with a statistical analysis software package (SPSS software Version 20.0) was used.Observation and Results:The P value for p53 against HPV (IHC) was 0.012, which indicates a significant difference between positivity proportion of P53 and HPV (IHC), whereas the P value for koilocyte and HPV (IHC) is 0.311, which is nonsignificant and indicates no significance of difference between proportion of positivity between koilocyte and HPV (IHC).Conclusion:The expression of p53 was proportionally significant to the expression of positivity of HPV, but there was no significant association between koilocyte and p53 expression.

UMMAP: a statistical analysis software package for molecular modelling

ABSTRACTUniversal Molecular Modelling Analysis Package (UMMAP) is a software package designed to provide a command line driven analysis suite for particle-based simulation codes. It is developed to work closely alongside the mesoscale dissipative particle dynamics software embedded in DL_MESO, and the molecular dynamics codes NAMD and LAMMPS. UMMAP is designed to be extendable to other modelling software. UMMAP is targeted at users working in the computational soft matter field and those looking for an ‘all-in-one’ analytical software package. It offers a unique mix of analytical tools, from widely used geometrical analyses (e.g. bond and angles distributions, structure factor, radial distributions and density profiles), to specific solutions for the soft matter community (e.g. polymer statistics, critical micelle concentration and cluster/micelle shape analyses). It provides the possibility, for a more expert user, to build in additional bespoke analyses, whilst benefiting from UMMAP's core functionality. It is very flexible in the way it reads and analyses the trajectory, allowing for several tools to be used at the same time via a single command line input. A rational set of software flags and detailed error messages render UMMAP ergonomic and user friendly while output integrity is ensured by storing manifest files to prevent the storage of unrelated material.

OBSTETRIC PROBLEMS IN HIV-INFECTED WOMEN

Objective: to study the features of the course of pregnancy and childbirth in HIV-infected women in the Saratov region according to a retrospective analysis of case histories for 2013–2018. Materials and methods. A retrospective clinical and statistical analysis of the course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period was carried out according to medical records of 282 HIV-infected pregnant women who were treated at the State Agrarian Medical Center (Engels, Saratov Region, Russia) in 2013–2018. (main group). The comparison group consisted of patients who were not infected with HIV who were treated at the SAUS EOC in 2013–2018. To assess the statistical significance of differences, the standard statistical analysis software package STATISTICA 10,0 was used. Results. Compared to 2013, in 2018, the age of HIV-infected pregnant women has decreased (p<0,05). HIV-infected people are less likely to go to a maternity clinic before the 12th week of pregnancy (p<0,05). A high frequency of co-infection of HIV-infected women with urinary infection (p<0,05) and genital tract (p<0,05), hepatitis C viruses (p<0,05) and B (p<0,05), and syphilis was found anamnesis (p<0,05). A high susceptibility of these women to viral infections was noted: acute respiratory viral infection (p<0,05), genital herpes virus (p<0,05), cytomegalovirus infection (p<0,05). The incidence of sexually transmitted infections is high: urogenital chlamydia (p <0,05), trichomonas colpitis (p<0,05). HIV-infected pregnant women have an increased incidence of anemia (p<0,05), chronic pyelonephritis (p<0,05), and skin diseases (p<0,05), and body mass deficiency is more common (p<0,05). In case of HIV infection, the frequency of operative delivery (p<0,05), premature birth (p<0,05), the frequency of formation of a low-weight fetus at a time of gestation (p<0,05), as well as perinatal mortality (p<0,05). The reserve for reducing perinatal mortality for newborns from HIV-infected mothers is in the pregravid period, testing for HIV, hepatitis C virus, correction of the patient’s weight, elimination of the iron deficiency condition, detection and rehabilitation of urogenital foci. When taking to a dispensary account, control and correction of anemia, chronic infectious diseases, monitoring of the state of the vaginal biocenosis are necessary, in the second half of pregnancy — control of fetal growth.

Το Μέλλον και οι Προοπτικές Ανάπτυξης Ιατρικού Τουρισμού στην Κύπρο

Introduction: Medical tourism constitutes a new, fast- growing form of tourism and sector in the services indus- try. The health tourism “industry” is a parameter of vital importance encouraging individuals to seek healthcare services on an international level. Its annual growth rate in the global market is estimated at 25-35%. Aim-Objective: To investigate how Medical tourism can contribute significantly to the overall development of Cyprus, in the context of a general financial crisis, where new resources are constantly on demand, and to explore its prospects for growth. Material-Methodology: The Delphi method, which is suitable for establishing a convergence in participants’ judgements or opinions, was used. It involves two research phases and a series of questionnaires, includ- ing multiple rounds. Twenty-two experts from the health and tourism sectors were selected based on their knowledge and experience. Qualitative criteria involv- ing semi-structured interviews were used for the statis- tical analysis of the data, while quantitative criteria were employed to analyse the participants’ responses using the statistical analysis software package SPSS. Percentages, mean values, and standard deviations were calculated. Results: Ninety-six per-cent of respondents converge that this sector should be further developed through comprehensive planning. A hundred per-cent of respon- dents believe that all relevant stakeholders—who are called upon to participate as coordinators—should col- laborate so as to develop marketing strategies, achieve the accreditation of hospitals and improve the quality of the local health services. Conclusion: Important benefits resulting in the strengthening of the local economy are revealed. Further, the need for the development of an upgraded product at a competitive cost, the establishment of parameters concerning the accreditation of the quality of hospitals, as well as the exploitation of the health- care services currently on offer.

Lack of association between dietary inflammatory index and low impact fractures in the Brazilian population: the Brazilian Osteoporosis Study (BRAZOS)

IntroductionAdequate nutrition, including intake of dietary calcium and vitamin D, is important to maintain bone health. Evidence suggests that a deficiency in micronutrients may contribute to bone loss during aging and exert generalized effects on chronic inflammation. Recently, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was developed to assess the inflammatory potential of individual diets. Our aim was to evaluate the DII in a representative sample and verify its association with low-impact fractures.MethodsIndividuals from The Brazilian Osteoporosis Study (BRAZOS) database had their DII calculated. BRAZOS is an important cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out with a representative sample of men and women ≥40 years old. The research was conducted through in-home interviews administered by a trained team. Nutrition Database System for Research (NDSR) software was used to analyze data on the intake of nutrients, which were employed to calculate the DII using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS®) and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS®) to assess its association with low-impact fractures.ResultsA total of 2269 subjects had their DII score calculated using information from 24-h recall data. Males had lower DII than females (DII = 1.12 ± 1.04 vs DII = 1.24 ± 0.99, p = 0.012). Women taking statins had lower DII (DII = 0.65 ± 1.14 vs DII + 1.26 ± 0.98, p = 0.002), indicating a greater potential for diet-related anti-inflammatory effects.ConclusionOur findings suggest that women might have a pro-inflammatory diet pattern compared to men. However, we did not find any association between DII scores and low-impact fractures.

Constructing Groupings by Use of STATISTICA Software Package

STATISTICA software package for statistical analysis incorporates a wide range of advanced statistical methods. Quite often they are preceded by aggregating statistical survey data, which main component is their grouping. Although this phase of statistical data processing is relatively simple, the manual process of aggregation can be time-consuming given the need to process large data arrays, not mentioning a high probability of errors. Therefore, the all-purpose STATISTICA software package is a logical and reasonable tool for grouping of data. 
 The article shows the grouping algorithm in STATISTICA software package, with focus on setup when constructing tables of frequencies of discrete and continual characters. Various options of grouping are scrutinized, with providing examples of their visualization. 
 A large number of STATISTICA parameters offers ample opportunities for constructing user tables, but users often are not aware of these options or do not know how they can be applied. Yet, the apparently simple grouping process in STATISTICA software package can sometimes require the knowledge of fine mechanisms for its setup. The article gives a detailed description of the mechanisms for creating interval margins when applying the parameter “approximate number of intervals”.
 The standard algorithm for selection is analyzed, allowing a user to limit the number of groups in a grouping. STATISTICA allows for using a number of grouping parameters, enabling to produce more convenient results or filter them. Thus, setting the clicker for label field “Grouping” in the position “Integer Categories” (integer intervals (categories)) initiates the grouping only for integer values of a variable, by excluding the observations containing its fractional values.
 When only standard parameters are used, it will be impossible to form uneven or open intervals. This issue is out of focus in specialized literature and Internet sources. The article shows the algorithm for constructing open intervals by user-set conditions and the process of creating these conditions. This option allows for forming both closed and open intervals by solving all the problems in time of grouping. Because creating such conditions is time consuming, they should be preserved if they are required for further use.
 Setting up of STATISTICA software with missing data is analyzed. Its application will be advisable when a grouping for two or more variables is constructed. In this case, a separate sheet with a grouping is to be created in the worksheet for each variable.

Determinants of Export Oriented Entrepreneurs from Southeast Europe Region

Abstract The subject of this research represents analysis of internationalisation activity of early-stage entrepreneurs in South East Europe region (SEE). The goal of this study is to determine characteristics of export oriented entrepreneurs from SEE region through the study of factors influencing international orientation. Geographical area of this research consists of countries from the South East Europe region. The research sample was formed on the basis of GEM - Global Individual Level Data, covering six countries (Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and FYR of Macedonia), 12027 respondents of which 645 export-oriented entrepreneurs were identified. Collected data are processed using the software package for statistical analysis. With the help of Ordinal Logistic regression, significant influence of individual factors on the international orientation of entrepreneurs was identified. Research results showed that entrepreneurial motives, entrepreneurial KSA’s, innovation and new technology have a positive relationship with internationalization activity. One of the significant limitations of this paper is the lower Nagelkerk coefficient, which is characteristic for social phenomena. Bearing in mind the fact that this research trying to explain entrepreneurial behaviour, lower coefficients can be very meaningfull.

УРОВЕНЬ ИНФОРМИРОВАННОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ О ПЕРВОЙ ПОМОЩИ ПРИ ТРАВМЕ ЗУБОВ У ДЕТЕЙ

Background One of the urgent problems of dentistry is complex therapy of acute dental trauma in children. This is due to the numerous difficulties in the treatment of teeth in traumatized children, low efficiency of therapy and frequent development of complications. The effectiveness of treatment of children with a traumatic tooth, as well as the frequency and nature of the development of complications depends heavily on the knowledge of population about the nature of the course and emergency care of this pathology. Objectives The purpose of the study was to determine the level of knowledge of various groups of the population about the methods of prevention and emergency care for acute dental trauma in children. Methods During the study 539 people were examined, including 361 parents aged 22 to 72, 96 children aged 5 to 18 and 82 students of the 1st and 2nd year of the USMU stomatology faculty. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out with the help of STATISTICA v12 statistical analysis software package. To analyze each question, the Spearman correlation coefficient (rs) was used, to determine the differences, the Student's t-test (p⩽0.05). Results According to the results of the questionnaire, only ~ 29% of all respondents note the time of going to the dentist with the "knocked out tooth" as 1 hour. When asked about permanent tooth replacement, only 32.4% of adults, 19.5% students and 27% children gave correct answers. The majority of respondents do not know about the correct choice of the transporting media for avulsed tooth: in the group of parents the most popular choice was antiseptic (12.2%), in the group of children - a clean handkerchief (18.8%), about a third of all respondents found it difficult to choosing the right answer. Conclusions In general, the level of sanitary knowledge of various population groups in Yekaterinburg about dental trauma in children is not enough. Correlation between the receipt of information in the past and the success of answers to questions about dental trauma is weak or absent. The need for a knowledge of the fundamentals of assistance in the case of dental trauma by educators is extremely high.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПРОГРАМНОГО ПАКЕТУ R У НАУКОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ МАЙБУТНІХ ФІЛОЛОГІВ

Corpus linguistics is a newly emerging field of study in applied linguistics that deals with construction, processing, and exploitation of text corpora. To date, a high-quality analysis of vast amounts of empirical language data provided by computerized corpora is impossible without computer technologies and relevant statistical methods. Therefore, teaching future philologists to effectively apply statistical computer programs is an important stage in their research training. The article discusses the possibilities of using one of the leading in Western linguistics, but not well-known in Ukraine, software packages for statistical data analysis – R statistical software environment – in the research by future philologists. The paper reveals the advantages and disadvantages of this program in comparison with other similar software packages (SPSS and Statistica) and provides Internet links to R self-learn tutorials. The flexibility and efficacy of R for linguistic research are demonstrated on the example of a statistical analysis of the use of hedges in the corpus of academic speech. For novice philologists to properly understand the peculiarities of conducting a statistical linguistic experiment with R, a detailed description of each stage of the study is provided. The statistical verification of hedges in the speech of students and lecturers was carried out using such statistical methods as the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and the Mann-Whitney U Test. The article presents the developed algorithms to calculate the specified tests applying the built-in commands and various specialized library functions, created by R user community to enhance the functionality of this statistical software. Each script for statistical calculations in R is accompanied by a detailed description and interpretation of the results obtained. Further study of the issue will involve a number of activities aimed at raising awareness and improving skills of future philologists in using R statistical software, which is important for their professional development as researchers.

THE ROLE OF SOCIO-HYGIENIC FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF VISION IN MEDICAL STUDENTS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF THEIR PREVENTION

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status and main trends of the prevalence of diseases of the eye and its appendages in medical university students with the detection of priority risk factors of the educational environment. Materials and methods. The method of investigation included several stages. The general population was analyzed (official statistical data of the ophthalmologic service of the Voronezh Region Health Department (statistical forms No. 12, 14, 14 SD, 30)), and selective studies were conducted (based on the copying and analysis of data from outpatient charts and case histories). A total of 1500 study cards were filled out, the total number of visits amounted to 3200. In the second stage of the study, a sociological survey was conducted on a specially developed questionnaire consisting of 46 questions grouped into 5 blocks. In total, 1950 respondents were surveyed. Statistical processing is performed on the basis of statistical analysis software package and the Chart Wizard in Microsoft Excel 2010, as well as the STATISTICA 6.0 application package. Results. Our studies have made it possible to refine and supplement the current data on the prevalence of diseases of the eye and its appendages among students in the Voronezh region, which can be used as a basis for planning activities to improve specialized ophthalmic care for this population category. Eye diseases were shown to be a fairly common pathology among students, and those who study at the medical school have their own characteristics that require serious measures to improve the system of epidemiological surveillance of this pathology. The surveillance system should include monitoring the impact of various risk factors and timely elimination of adverse events. To this end, in educational institutions, it is important to observe ergonomic requirements for the organization of workplaces, to observe the time of providing breaks for rest during the school day, to establish their duration and arrange for these breaks taking into account the training course, load volume and hygienic characteristics of the classrooms, where classes are held. It should not be forgotten that the leading role in the prevention of the negative impact of non-favorable factors is assigned to the very contingent of students who must be able to take individual preventive measures and observe personal hygiene rules. In this regard, the educational organizations need to repeatedly increase the amount of work on hygiene education and the education of young people.

The Methodology for the CLER National Report of Findings 2018.

The Methodology for the CLER National Report of Findings 2018.

A Study on Herbal Drugs Utilization in Health Care Students

: Objective: To investigate the herbal drugs utilization by health care students at AIMST University, Kedah D.A., Malaysia. Method: Analysis was carried out by using a Software Package for Statistical Analysis, Version 20. A total of 801 health care students were interviewed. Results: A total of 801 healthcare students were interviewed. The result showed that 796 (99.5%) used herbal drugs while 5 (0.5%) were not using herbal drugs. The male respondents were 229 (100.0%) and female 567 (99.1%) were utilized herbal drugs 28.8%, 71.2% respectively. The ethnicity showed 541(99.3%) and used herbal drugs 68.0% more as compare to other races. The highest utilization of herbal drugs was 75.4% within the age groups of 21-25 years. The faculty of pharmacy respondents 321 (99.4%) utilized herbal drugs 40.3% more as compare to other faculties. The third-year respondents 277 (99.3%) showed more utilization of herbal drugs 34.8%. Mostly students respondent were living in-campus 588 (99.3%) utilized herbal drugs 73.9%. Mostly respondents used herbal drugs in cough and common cold than headache, diarrhoea, common flue, fever/ chill and muscular pain. Most of respondents agreed upon mild illness 436 (54.4%), economics cost 390 (48.7%), and familiar with treatment option 348 (43.4%). Conclusion: The herbal drugs are popular self-treatment remedies among health care students.Key words: Herbal drugs, Health care students, Ethnicity, Common cold and cough, SPSS 20.

A Study on Herbal drugs Utilization in Pregnant women from Hospitals of Sungai Petani, Kedah Darul Aman (D.A.), Malaysia

In Malaysia, the herbal drugs are very frequently utilized starting from small ailments to chronic diseases. Toinvestigate the herbal drugs utilization by pregnant women from two hospitals Sultan Abdul Halim Hospital (general) and Pantai Hospital (private), Sungai Petani, Kedah (D.A.), Malaysia. Analysis was carried out by using a Software Package for Statistical Analysis, Version 20.Pregnant women respondents involved in the study were 450. Respondents reported the utilization of herbal drugs were 386 (85.8%) while 64 (14.2%) respondents were not using herbal drugs. It was found that most of the respondents were Malaysian where Malays were 317 (87.6%), Malaysian Chinese 20 (74.1%) and Malaysian Indians 49 (80.3%). In response/ rating for herbal drugs utilization among pregnant women strongly agreed for mild illness, familiar with the treatment option and cost effectiveness. In this study, socio-demographics/hospital was significant predictors. The utilization of herbal drugs from in-patients was5 times more as compared to out-patients pregnant women.

Students’ Loans by Financial Institutions: The Way to Reduce a Burden for Government Funding to Higher Education in Tanzania

Students’ Loans are Government Loans extended to students in Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs), these Loans has to be repaid back on or after expiry of the grace period (HESLB, 2004). The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of engaging financial institutions to partner with the Government in financing higher education by addressing the following objectives:(i) to determine whether there is policy consideration for students’ loans provision by financial institutions (ii) to examine the readiness of the students in the higher learning institutions to be financed by financial institutions (iii) to investigate the readiness of the financial institutions to provide loans to students of the higher learning institutions. Data were collected through interviews, review of various documents and questionnaires in which 90 respondents were obtained 7 from financial institutions and 83 from higher learning institutions. Software package for statistical science (SPSS) and content analysis was used to analyse data, results of the analysis were presented in tabular form, frequency distribution table and the bar charts. It was concluded that financial institutions in Tanzania does not have the policy to support students’ loans provision hence they are not ready, students’ in higher learning institutions are ready to be financed by financial institutions. The study recommends that the financial institutions in Tanzania should establish students’ loans provision policy in their operations, universities or colleges to include policy which allows students to seek for alternative funding for their education other than the Government. Timely repayment among Students for smooth operation of the financial institutions. Education by HESLB on the need for alternative funding from financial institutions. Financial Institutions for Higher Education Financing. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.16.11. 6

A Study on Herbal Drugs Utilization in Health Care Professionals (Physicians/Academicians)

Objective: To investigate the herbal drugs utilization by healthcare professional (physician/academician) at AIMST University, Kedah D.A., and Malaysia. Method: Analysis was carried out by using a Software Package for Statistical Analysis, Version 20. A total of 168 healthcare professional (physician/academician) were interviewed. Results: The result showed that 150 (89.2%) used herbal drugs while 18 (10.8%) were not. The ethnicity showed that 99 (86.1%) Indians used herbal drugs 66.0%. The utilization of herbal drugs was 52.0% within the age groups of 31-40 years. Respondents 68 (90.7) from Faculty of Medicine utilized herbal drugs 45.3% more as compared to other faculties. The less experienced respondents 45 (84.9%) utilized 30% and was least in highly experienced. Most of the respondents were having Master‘s qualification 102 (85.7%), Ph.D. 25 (100.0%) and the utilization was 68.9% and 18.0% respectively. The respondents engaged in academics were 143 (87.7%) and utilization was 96.6%. The respondents agreed for mild illness 96 (57.1%), economic cost 70 (41.7%) and familiar with treatment option was 63 (37.5%).Conclusion: Highest utilization was in mild illness, diabetes and gastric problems. Common herbal as a drug used by the respondents was bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). Key words: Herbal drugs, health care professionals, ethnicity, common cold, cough.

MORTICIA, a statistical analysis software package for determining optical surveillance system effectiveness.

Surveillance modelling in terms of the standard Detect, Recognise and Identify (DRI) thresholds remains a key requirement for determining the effectiveness of surveillance sensors. With readily available computational resources it has become feasible to perform statistically representative evaluations of the effectiveness of these sensors. A new capability for performing this Monte-Carlo type analysis is demonstrated in the MORTICIA (Monte- Carlo Optical Rendering for Theatre Investigations of Capability under the Influence of the Atmosphere) software package developed at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). This first generation, python-based open-source integrated software package, currently in the alpha stage of development aims to provide all the functionality required to perform statistical investigations of the effectiveness of optical surveillance systems in specific or generic deployment theatres. This includes modelling of the mathematical and physical processes that govern amongst other components of a surveillance system; a sensor's detector and optical components, a target and its background as well as the intervening atmospheric influences. In this paper we discuss integral aspects of the bespoke framework that are critical to the longevity of all subsequent modelling efforts. Additionally, some preliminary results are presented.

A clinical study of ventral hernia

Background: Ventral hernias are one of the most common problems confronting general surgeons. Incisional hernia is a common long-term complication of abdominal surgery and is estimated to occur in 3% to 13% of laparotomy incisions. Because there is no prospective cohort available to determine the natural history of untreated ventral hernias, most surgeons recommend that these hernias should be repaired when discovered. So, there was a need to study the disease with respect to the various presentations, to gauge the awareness levels of the patients coming to us and also to determine the best modality of treatment in our set-up. This study was done to know the proportion of ventral hernias occurring in both sexes, various age groups, various risk factors and complications of different types of ventral hernias, clinical presentations and their treatment. Methods: This was a prospective study done at our tertiary care hospital between August 2014 and August 2015 (12 months). A total number of 50 cases of anterior abdominal hernias excluding groin hernias, posterior abdominal wall hernia was studied. Data collection included a detailed history and a thorough clinical examination. Data was entered in the proforma, tabulated and analyzed using software package for statistical analysis (SPSS 2015).Results: Ventral hernia constituted 4% of all admissions to the surgical ward. Incisional hernia was the most common amongst the ventral hernias with an incidence of 46%. Infra umbilical midline was the most common site for herniation in 42% of cases followed by umbilical region in 32% of cases. Obesity and constipation were found to be the major predisposing risk factors. Small defects (<2cm) presented early with more complications.Conclusions: In the present study of ventral hernias, 50 cases of ventral hernias that were admitted to Department of Surgery in our tertiary care hospital. Ventral hernia constituted 4% of all admissions to the surgical ward. The male to female ratio was 1:1.9 The mean age was approximately 41 years. Incisional Hernia was strangulated umbilical hernia - intra operative the most common variety.

HTSvis: a web app for exploratory data analysis and visualization of arrayed high-throughput screens.

SummaryArrayed high-throughput screens (HTS) cover a broad range of applications using RNAi or small molecules as perturbations and specialized software packages for statistical analysis have become available. However, exploratory data analysis and integration of screening results has remained challenging due to the size of the data sets and the lack of user-friendly tools for interpretation and visualization of screening results. Here we present HTSvis, a web application to interactively visualize raw data, perform quality control and assess screening results from single to multi-channel measurements such as image-based screens. Per well aggregated raw and analyzed data of various assay types and scales can be loaded in a generic tabular format.Availability and implementationHTSvis is distributed as an open-source R package, downloadable from https://github.com/boutroslab/HTSvis and can also be accessed at http://htsvis.dkfz.de.Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Studentų mitybos įpročių analizė

Visuomenė vis labiau domisi mityba, jos poveikiu sveikatai. Sveika mityba padeda saugoti ir stiprinti sveikatą, išvengti daugelio ligų. Vien sveikas maistas negarantuoja, kad sveikata bus gera, tačiau suteikia galimybę ją saugoti ir stiprinti. Sveikata, darbingumas, grožis labai priklauso nuo paties žmogaus pastangų. O sveika, visavertė mityba daro teigiamą poveikį žmogaus fiziniam ir protiniam vystymuisi, darbingumui bei ilgaamžiškumui. Sveika mityba yra sveikatos pagrindas. Žmogus turi maitintis atsižvelgiant į maisto racioną. Maisto racionas - tai baltymų, riebalų, angliavandenių, vitaminų, mineralinių medžiagų bei vandens kiekis, kurį žmogus turi gauti per parą. Nuo pat kūdikystės žmogus yra susijęs su mityba ir tai yra viena svarbiausių aplinkos sąlygų, veikiančių organizmą. Sveikos mitybos įpročiai formuojasi ankstyvame amžiuje, todėl aktualu analizuoti tiek mokinių, tiek studentų mitybos ypatumus. Metodai. Tyrime dalyvavo 396 18-25metų jaunuoliai, iš kurių 168 (42,42 proc.) buvo vyrai ir 228 (57,58 proc.) moterys. 114 (28,8 proc.) visų apklaustųjų mokosi Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitete (LSMU), 70 (17,7 proc.) Kauno technologijų universitete (KTU), 76 (19,2 proc.) Kauno kolegijoje (KK), 86 (21,7 proc.) Lietuvos sporto universitete (LSU), o likę 50 (12,6 proc.) jaunuolių dirba ir šiuo metu niekur nesimoko. Didžioji dalis apklaustųjų merginų (33,3 proc.) mokosi LSMU, jos sudaro 19,2 proc. visų respondentų. Daugiausia apklaustų vaikinų studijuoja LSU (25,0 proc.), jie sudaro 10,6 proc. visų respondentų. Vaikinų ir merginų pasiskirstymas tarp universitetų yra statistiškai reikšmingas (p=0,005). Statistinė analizė atlikta naudojant SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) programinį statistinės analizės paketą. Rezultatai. Respondentai suskaičiavo savo racioną pagal 24 valandų apklausos metodiką, naudojantis mitybos tyrimo atlasu, užrašant duomenis apie maisto produktus, suvartotus per praėjusią parą (baltymai, angliavandeniai, riebalai). Maisto racioną sudarė – baltymai - 14,22 proc., riebalai – 41,25 proc., angliavandeniai – 38,16 proc.; vaikinai vidutiniškai suvartojo 2914 kcal , merginos – 2100 kcal. Respondentų atsakymai rodo, kad dauguma merginų (56,2 proc.) daržoves valgo kiekvieną dieną, vaikinai pagal statistinį vidurkį mažiau - 43,38 proc. Kasdien saldumynus vartoja 75 proc. apklaustųjų, 2-3 kartus per savaitę – 17 proc. respondentų, išvis stengiasi nevartoti 8 proc. studentų. Energetinius gėrimus vartoja 62,37 proc. 18 – 25 metų jaunuolių, o 10,6 proc. juos vartoja reguliariai. Tai rodo didelį šių gėrimų populiarumą, kadangi daugiau kaip pusė jauno amžiaus žmonių yra išbandę šių gėrimų poveikį. Baltymų suvartojimas atitinka normą, riebalų sunaudojama per daug, angliavandenių suvartojama per mažai. Suvartojamų kilokalorijų kiekis atitinka norminius reikalavimus.

Winsorized Modified One Step M-Estimator As a Measure of the Central Tendency in the Alexander-Govern Test

This research dealt with making comparison of the independent group tests with the use of parametric technique. This test used mean as its central tendency measure. It was a better alternative to the ANOVA, the Welch test and the James test, because it gave a good control of Type I error rates and high power with ease in its calculation, for variance heterogeneity under a normal data. But the test was found not to be robust to non-normal data. Trimmed mean was used on the test as its central tendency measure under non-normality for two group condition, but as the number of groups increased above two, the test failed to give a good control of Type I error rates. As a result of this, the MOM estimator was applied on the test as its central tendency measure and is not influenced by the number of groups. However, under extreme condition of skewness and kurtosis, the MOM estimator could no longer control the Type I error rates. In this study, the Winsorized MOM estimator was used in the AG test, as a measure of its central tendency under non-normality. 5,000 data sets were simulated and analysed for each of the test in the research design with the use of Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) package. The results of the analysis shows that the Winsorized modified one step M-estimator in the Alexander-Govern (AGWMOM) test, gave the best control of Type I error rates under non-normality compared to the AG test, the AGMOM test, and the ANOVA, with the highest number of conditions for both lenient and stringent criteria of robustness.