Statistical Package For Social Sciences Research Articles

Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Pengembangan Karir Dosen di Lingkungan Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Nusa Cendana Kupang

Career Development is a career planning process provided by a company to individuals as an effort or opportunity to enhance and develop their careers to a higher level according to their abilities and responsibilities. This study aims to determine the effect of work motivation on the career development of lecturers in the Faculty of Public Health at Nusa Cendana University, Kupang. The research is quantitative in nature. The population consists of 71 lecturers, with a sample of 41 respondents selected using purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using a work motivation scale and a career development scale with a Likert scale model. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 for Windows program. Data analysis was carried out using a simple linear regression test. The results showed that the calculated F-value was 54.237 with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, which indicates that work motivation has an effect on career development. It is recommended to take advantage of the career development opportunities that have been organized and facilitated to achieve the desired career level. Based on the quantitative research conducted on the lecturers of the Faculty of Public Health at Nusa Cendana University, Kupang, it was found that work motivation influences career development

Exploring the Impact of Airport Services on Passenger Satisfaction in Tanzania: A Case Study of Julius Nyerere International Airport

Satisfying passengers at the airport has been the cornerstone for airlines and airports in air transport service. This study aimed to understand the effects of airline-related quality service dimensions on overall passenger satisfaction at airports. The study intended to analyse the effect of pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight services on passenger satisfaction at the airport. Passengers begin to interact with air transport services when booking a ticket, and airline-related service dimensions are considered part of the broader concept of airport services, which should be integrated as they overlap in satisfying passengers at the airport. Previous research focused extensively on airport-related factors but overlooked the specific impacts of airline services on overall passenger satisfaction. The study was guided by Total airport experience framework considering holistic view of passenger satisfaction. The study used a descriptive research design which targeted all international passengers travelled through Julius Nyerere International Airport at the time of conducting this study. In this regard, the study included departing and arriving passengers from Terminal III at the final lounge and baggage claim area. The Webb et al (1996) guidelines were used to determine the sample size which suggests that for population above 2,000, a sample of 1% is appropriate; The population consisted of 18,000 passengers arriving and departing at Julius Nyerere international Airport during the time of conducting survey; thus 180 passenger were selected randomly ensuring that every passenger had an equal chance of being selected. Collection of data invloved questionnaires with close-ended and open-ended questions. Descriptive analysis of collected data was conducted to summarize the main variables through utilizing the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for data analysis to obtain percentages and frequencies. The findings indicated that several dimensions of airline-related service influence passenger satisfaction: pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight dimensions. The findings revealed that these three dimensions positively affect passenger satisfaction. For instance, in pre-flight services, respondents reported satisfaction, highlighting the crucial role of effective management of pre-flight services in determining positive initial travel experiences. High satisfaction rates were also observed for in-flight services, emphasizing the importance of onboard amenities and crew responsiveness. However, post-flight services showed areas for improvement to enhance the overall passenger experience. Additionally, the results highlighted the strategic necessity for airlines and airports to prioritize service excellence across all touchpoints of the passenger journey. Enhancing service quality and responsiveness, particularly in mishap resolution and service delivery which are crucial for maintaining a competitive advantage and fostering customer loyalty. The study concluded that passenger satisfaction is highly influenced by three primary dimensions of airline related service: pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight dimensions. The study recommends the Airline and airport operators to focus on improving service quality delivery across all touch points of passengers journey by implementing an integrated approach such as coordinated decision making.

Conceptual Mappings of Metaphorical Euphemisms in Ekegusii Circumcision Ceremonies

Conceptual mappings are a key tenet of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and are sets of systematic correspondences between the source and target domains. As observed in the relevant literature, it is argued that metaphors establish a conceptual link between a source and target concept such that the target domain is understood through a source domain. As a result, the correspondences are constrained by different mapping scopes which help avoid the transfer of just any kind of feature from the source to the target concept. In this study, we sought to examine the conceptual mappings of metaphorical euphemisms in Ekegusii Circumcision Ceremonies. The study analyzed the conceptual mappings of metaphorical euphemisms used in EC based on the essentials of cognitive metaphor analysis and principles of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). The metaphor-related words (MRWs) identified using the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIPVU) were subjected to conceptual analysis using the CMT. The conceptualization of the target domain euphemisms was obtained through projections in the source domain such as objects, animals, plants, and human beings. In this view, the study identified the following four generic metaphors in Ekegusii Circumcision Discourse; Circumcision is a Human being, Circumcision is an Animal, Circumcision is a Plant and Circumcision is an Object. The study employed a descriptive research design. A combined method of elicitation and the native speaker’s intuition was used to collect culture-specific metaphorical euphemisms through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The quantitative data on the other hand was analyzed using the statistical Package for Social Sciences which is; Chi-square at a significant level of 0.05 was employed to test the association between the overall cross-tabulated corpus of the generic level metaphors versus the influence of demographic variables on the usage of euphemisms in Ekegusii Circumcision ceremonies. The findings of this study not only contribute to the existing literature in cognitive linguistics but also indicate that Ekegusii speakers conceptualize circumcision through metaphorical euphemisms. The findings of this study are of benefit to the ethnographers and metaphor theorists for further reference.

The effect of missed care on the nursing image perceived by patients and their trust relationships with nurses.

Missed care has negative consequences for patients, directly affecting the quality of nursing care and patient safety. This study investigated the effect of missed care on the nursing image perceived by patients and their trust relationships with nurses. This descriptive and correlational study was conducted in all inpatient wards of a hospital in southern Türkiye. The sample consisted of 200 patients. Data were collected using a patient information form, the MISSCARE Survey-Patient, the Nursing Image Scale (NIS), and the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS). The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (for Windows 25.0). The study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Participants had a mean MISSCARE Survey-Patient, TNS, and NIS score of 2.09±0.53, 23.48±5.01, and 71.52±6.75, respectively. There was a moderate negative correlation between MISSCARE Survey-Patient and TNS scores. There was a weak negative correlation between MISSCARE Survey-Patient and NIS scores. Moreover, there was a strong positive correlation between NIS and TNS scores. MISSCARE Survey-Patient total scores vary due to the imbalance in the number of nurses and the complexity of their tasks. Poor quality of care and incomplete care undermine the image of nursing and negatively affect the trust relationship between patients and nurses. Nursing image and trust in nurses decreases as patient-nurse communication and basic care interventions are skipped. Inadequate care can have a detrimental effect on the nursing image and erode patient-nurse trust relationships. Therefore, there is a pressing need for ongoing review and enhancement of nursing education, policy, and practice to elevate the quality of care provided. Further research utilizing objective staff measures and outcome assessments, along with gathering primary data directly from patients, is essential to substantiate the assertion that missed care significantly influences patient outcomes.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Nurses and Midwives towards Hepatitis B Infection and Control Measures in Alban Gaded Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan

Purpose: Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes severe morbidity and death, burdening world health. Nurses and midwives, among other healthcare professionals, are more likely to contract the illness. Few studies have looked at the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of healthcare professionals in Sudan with regard to HBV infection, despite the fact that diverse components of KAP have an impact on health-related behaviors. This study's objective was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) level of nurses and midwives concerning HBV viral infection in, Khartoum, Sudan.  Methods: In the Sudanese state of Khartoum, a public hospital (Alban Gaded Hospital) underwent a cross-sectional descriptive hospital-based study. To assess KAP's understanding of nurses and midwives about HBV infection. Self-administered questionnaires were used and approved by the supervisor for distribution to the population chosen for the study. The data was handed over to the Medical Director whom personally ensured the questionnaires were signed and filled by the Healthcare workers (HCWs) of the chosen criteria at the field. A member of group (23:B) took care of the supervision aside with the medical director, and made sure the data was collected as needed. The data at hand were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 24.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences).  Results: 95 samples out of 99 were collected. According to participants’ knowledge: 67.95% have good knowledge about HBV, while 32.05% lack basic knowledge about it. The participants’ attitude towards HBV is above average showing 60.3% safe attitude. Lastly, the study shows excellent practice of the participants’ behavior towards HBV safety measures with a score of 92.3% safe practice. From the hospital, a total of 95 out of 99 nurses and midwives took part in the study. Two thirds of the respondents practiced safety, and the majority of respondents had a positive attitude about HBV preventative measures. More than half of the respondents (58.2%) had an average level of understanding. A minor but serious score of (12.6%) was noticed of the individuals, dealing with patients without wearing gloves. More over half of the nurses and midwives were not vaccinated against HBV; more than 50% of participants had incorrect ideas regarding the symptoms and route of HBV infection and all 95 participants voted (NO) for ever being infected by HBV.  Conclusion: In Alban Gaded hospital, the majority of the nurses and midwives were aware of HBV infection. But a sizeable majority of the participants lacked the necessary understanding of early immunization after birth. The study found a probability of high risk infection due to exposure under the poor level of HBV vaccine coverage rate. Moreover a clear point of limitation was noticed in Table 4 third question, where it asks whether you are or ever was infected by HBV. All the participants denied, showing a sense of partiality. Further occupational exposure prevention measures, training programs on HBV infection, including post-exposure prophylaxis, and increasing the vaccination rate of all HCWS are also strongly encouraged.

Holistic maintenance management for higher learning institution buildings in Tanzania

PurposeThere have been claims of inadequate maintenance practice in Tanzania’s higher learning institutions (HLIs), primarily due to the traditional conventional approach where maintenance is only addressed during the usage stage. This study aimed to investigate whether universities and colleges are adopting a holistic approach to maintenance, where it is considered from the inception stage.Design/methodology/approachStructured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were employed to gather quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Through purposive sampling, 11 estate managers were selected, with eight of them responding to questionnaires. A comprehensive literature review was also conducted. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSSTM) Version 20.0, while qualitative data were examined using Nvivo 12 Plus and in-depth analysis.FindingsThe study revealed that, maintenance in HLIs is only marginally considered in a holistic manner. In cases where it is “considered,” this is often by default rather than by design. This has led to maintenance challenges, such as the accelerated deterioration of components, the incompatibility of new maintenance materials with the old ones and difficulties in adapting spaces to meet emerging user requirements. The most frequently occurring words in the word cloud, “considered” and “maintenance”, underscore the necessity of adopting a holistic approach to maintenance management.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was confined to HLIs in the Dar es Salaam region.Practical implicationsThe findings from this study offer valuable insights for maintenance experts implementing holistic approaches in Tanzanian universities and colleges. Top management should focus on proper planning (including maintenance plans and budgets) and decision-making regarding maintenance management. Additionally, the Government of Tanzania may consider implementing policies requiring designing teams to adopt a holistic approach to maintenance before approving building permits.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine whether universities and colleges consider maintenance from a holistic perspective.

Association between Pre-operative Vitamin-D level and Shortterm Clinical Outcomes Regarding Pain & Disability following PLID surgery

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common problem affecting 70% of the population in the developed countries and prevalence is also increasing in the developing countries. There were strong associations between vitamin D deficiency and LBP. According to the latest report in Bangladesh 86% (eighty-six percent) people had hypovitaminosis- D. A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is seen in patients with degenerative diseases of the spine. Considering the hypovitaminosis D led to musculoskeletal issues we want to examine the level of vitamin D in patients before PLID surgery and observe its impact 01 month postoperatively regarding pain & disability outcomes by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) & Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate an association between preoperative Vitamin-D level and short-term outcome regarding pain & disability following PLID surgery. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study will be conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Patient’s data will be collected in questionnaire/data collection sheet. All the patient will be evaluated by serum Vitamin-D level preoperatively. Patient will be clinically assessed by VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) score and ODI (Oswestry Disability Score) preoperatively and 01 month postoperatively. Then our aim is to determine a relationship between pre-operative Vitamin-D level and mean difference between pre and post-operative VAS & ODI Score. Statistical analysis: Data was processed and analyzed by using computer software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 22. Appropriate statistical test for data analysis (Unpaired T-test) was done. Statistical significance was set at pvalue <0.05. Results: In this study population, the mean age was 42.84 ± 10.14 years ranging from 31 to 78 years. Out of 38 patients 17 (45%) patients had hypovitaminosis-D and 19 (55%) patient had normal vitamin-D level. 15 (39.5%), 11 (28.9%), 10 (26.3%) and 2 (5.3%) patients were service holder, housewife, Businessman and other (retired) respectively. T-test & Chi square test showed positive association between preoperative vitamin-D level and post-operative clinical outcome regarding pain and disability, with a significant p-value of p = <0.05. Conclusion: Our study has showed an association between Pre-operative Vitamin-D level and post-operative clinical outcome regarding pain & disability, that is, insufficient Vitamin-D level leads to decrease alleviation of symptoms following PLID surgery. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2024; 13(2): 75-85

How Prepared are Ethiopian English Teachers to Teach Early Grade Reading?

Purpose. This paper examines how prepared Ethiopian public primary school English teachers are to teach early grade reading. Methodology. A descriptive research design of mixed methods was employed. A sample of 125 English teachers in 20 randomly selected primary schools in Hawassa City Administration was the source of data. The researchers employed a knowledge assessment test, focus group discussions, and questionnaires to gather the necessary data. The analysis of quantitative data was carried out by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25.0). Results. It has been learned from the findings that primary English teacher preparation paid little attention to coursework and practicum to teach early reading. The results also revealed that English teachers felt somewhat prepared to teach early grade reading. There is serious knowledge limitation among English teachers that (12)9.6% of primary English teachers scored 50% and above, whereas (113)90.4% of teachers scored below 50%; the teachers’ average knowledge test score was 36.4%. The results have clearly indicated that it is statistically significant, the direct relationship among teacher preparation coursework emphasis, practicum attention statistically significant, direct relationship among teacher preparation coursework emphasis, practicum attention, and teachers’ felt preparedness at (p=0.001). Conclusions. The results have led to the conclusion that teacher preparation, both in its coursework and practicum, did not pay due attention to teaching early grade reading. That is, primary English teachers were inadequately prepared to teach early grade reading. Based on the results of this study, to improve the practice of early literacy instruction, English teachers’ knowledge and skills gaps need to be duly addressed. Further studies that investigate the current practice of early literacy teacher preparation and professional development should be conducted with a larger sample size and diverse contexts.

The Role of Spirituality on Ambivalent Behaviors Among Christian Youth Attending Selected Churches in Kajiado County, Kenya

The role of spirituality in mitigating against ambivalent behaviors among Christian youth needs to be studied, with an aim to devising efficacious intervention programs, that can be escalated to other non-Christian youth. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between ambivalent behaviors (substance use and sexual behaviors) and spirituality (strength of faith and religious coping mechanisms) among the Christian youth attending four selected Churches in Kajiado County, Kenya. Through a descriptive research design, data was collected from 145 respondents aged 14-35 years (73 male,72 female) who were regularly attending Sunday services. Data collection instruments were the Santa Clara, to assess strength of faith, the Religious Coping Questionnaire (BRIEF-COPE) to assess the religious coping mechanisms, the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI) for sexual impairment and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test - Lite (ASSIST-Lite) for substance use. Data was analysed quantitatively using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, version 29) utilizing Kendall’s tau-b, and scatter plots were generated to assess the nature of the relationship between spirituality and ambivalent behaviors. Findings pointed to a positive statistically significant relationship between sexual behaviors and negative religious coping (τb=.223, 95% C.I .117-.324, p=.008) showing that increased use of negative coping mechanism was related to increased sexual behaviors. The scatter plots showed that overally, ambivalent behaviors had a weak negative relationship with positive coping mechanisms (R2=1.1%) and strength of faith(R2=1.1%), and a weak but positive relationship with negative coping (R2=2.1%). There were several outliers in all the three scatter plots, showing a non-linear relationship implying that other factors were related to the ambivalent behaviors aside from the spirituality. The findings thus pointed to a moderate correlation between spirituality and ambivalent behaviors, where increased faith and use of positive coping mechanisms can mitigate against ambivalent behaviors, but there is also need for additional programs that could directly address the underlying causes, as well as the propagating factors. The study thus recommends a multi-faceted approach, incorporating psychological programs alongside the spiritual nurture, to address ambivalent behaviors among Christian youth. Such programs have the potential to be escalated to other non-Christian youth.

Effects of Table Banking on Socio-Economic Empowerment of Households in Turkana County, Kenya.

Table banking is a concept that has gained popularity in the recent past in Kenya. The aim of this type of informal banking is to enhance the socio-economic status of citizens, particularly those from poor areas of the country. However, measuring and tracking changes in the levels of socio-economic empowerment of households through table banking is not well documented, although it is becoming popular, especially among women groups in Kenya. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of table banking on the socio-economic empowerment of households in Turkana County, Kenya. The specific objectives were: to establish the effect of table banking financial accessibility, table banking awareness, table banking group participation, table banking group credit risks management strategies on socio-economic empowerment in Turkana County. The study is guided by the theory of change by Loiseau and Walsh 2015, vulnerable group theory of financial inclusion and public good theory of financial inclusion. The study adopted descriptive survey design where questionnaires were used to get primary data. Secondary data was used to validate the primary data collection. The study involved a sample of 398 members drawn using simple random sampling method from a population of 60,500 Table banking members from Kalobeyei ward, Kakuma ward in Turkana West Subcounty in Turkana County. A total of 398 questionnaires were administered with a return rate of 97.0%. The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics. The study relied on Pearson’s correlation, linear regression and factor analysis to draw inferences from the responses. Statistical analysis was done with the aid of statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) software version 24. The findings of the study revealed a strong, positive and statistically significant relationship between access to finance and socio-economic empowerment of households. The findings of the study also showed a fairly, strong, positive and statistically significant relationship between table banking awareness on socio-economic of households. Besides, the findings revealed a very strong, positive and statistically significant relationship between Table banking and active group participation on socio-economic empowerment of women. The results of the study also revealed a very strong, positive and statistically significant relationship between table banking credit risk management strategies and socio-economic empowerment of women. According to the findings, this study recommends continuous, operative and thorough training of all groups involved in table banking to enhance their capacity in leading the groups and enhancing financial management capability and performance. Additionally, the study recommends creating a functional system for financial access through the use of several financial products at affordable prices, this focuses on government considering increasing the avenues and mechanisms for socioeconomic empowerment of women and special interest groups, especially in the rural areas. As shown in this study, findings provide evidence of active participating of women in the table banking compared to men involvement, based on this it will also be pivotal to further research the basis of men’s involvement in table banking and how affects their contribution to socio -economic empowerment at the household level.

Utilizing Citizen Generated Data to enhance Women's Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Somalia: Insights, Barriers, and Pathways Forward

Purpose: This study was undertaken to capture citizen’s insights on practical steps that individuals, families, communities, and institutions could take to support the improvement of Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) services in Somalia. This includes raising awareness of issues affecting women's access to SRH, such as Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). Methodology: This research employed a qualitative research design, utilizing semi-structured radio questions distributed through various channels such as radio promos, mini-dramas, interactive radio shows, and Short Messaging Service (SMS) on mobile phones. To enhance and validate the findings from the radio series, thirty Focus Group Discussions (FGD) involving 270 'hard-to-reach' participants were conducted across all Federal Member States (FMS) of Somalia, excluding Somaliland. Collaborating with 20 radio stations, a total of 4,268 participants from across Somalia were involved in this study. The qualitative data obtained was categorized into themes, and the subsequent information was analyzed using content analysis methodology for qualitative data, as well as descriptive statistics and inferential analysis through statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25 and excel for quantitative data. The presentation of the data included the use of tables and figures. Findings: This study outlined key challenges in accessing quality SRH services for women in Somalia. Priorities included enhancing healthcare infrastructure and availability of SRH professionals, along with emphasizing health education on reproductive health and family planning. Food insecurity's impact, especially among displaced populations, was noted. GBV and FGM were highlighted, calling for comprehensive survivor care and male involvement in prevention. Collaboration between schools and the private sector was proposed for menstrual hygiene. Men's support for SRH access was deemed crucial. Addressing stigma around SRH access, GBV, and FGM was stressed, urging comprehensive awareness campaigns and improved healthcare provision for survivors. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Addressing women's SRH in Somalia involves investing in healthcare infrastructure, expanding health education programs, ensuring access to nutritious food, and engaging men as allies in promoting women's SRH rights. Moreover, efforts to combat stigma, GBV, and FGM must be culturally sensitive and inclusive, involving religious and community leaders, and addressing underlying socio-economic factors contributing to these issues.

Determinants of WASH programmes adoption in flood-prone Tsholotsho District, Zimbabwe

There is an increased frequency of floods in different parts of the world due to Climate Change and many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa face WASH challenges which have worsened during flood and drought incidences. Tsholotsho District has been experiencing an increased frequency of floods over the years and WASH situation has continuously deteriorated. To build the resilience of communities, there are so many programmes that have been introduced toaddress WASH challenges. The paper aimed at assessing the various determinants influencing the adoption of WASH programmes in flood prone Tsholotsho District. A quantitative approach was used to collect data from Household heads in wards 5, 6, 7, and 8 using Questionnaires. A total of 218 Questionnaires were administered in all four wards. A Probit regression analysis and Zero-inflated ordered logit regression analysis were then done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). This study revealed that the coefficient of access to treated water, gender, source of water, level of education, and marital status is positive and statistically significant with the adoption of WASH programmes by the household head in the study area. These factors were also revealed to influence the level of adoption of WASH programmes.Contribution: There is a positive and significant relationship between access to safe water, source of water, level of education, gender, age and marital status and WASH programmes. Therefore, there is a need to consider the determinants of the adoption of WASH programmes to effectively build the resilience of communities.

Socio-Economic Impacts of Fruit Crop Production in the Mungo Corridor, Littoral Region, Cameroon

Purpose: Agriculture, particularly fruit crop production, serves as a vital driver of economic growth worldwide. In Cameroon, the Mungo Corridor plays a substantial role in the agricultural sector, particularly in fruit crop production. This study aims to assess the socio-economic impacts of fruit crop production within the Mungo Corridor, a region known for cultivating bananas, pineapples, and mangoes. By evaluating the economic contributions and challenges, the study seeks to provide insights for policies that could enhance the sustainability and development of fruit production in the area. The study adopted a multi-stage sampling technique to select respondents and resource persons. Materials and Methods: Data collection involved the use of structured and pre-tested questionnaires along with an interview guide. Quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 and Microsoft Excel, while qualitative data from interviews was subjected to thematic analysis. Six subdivisions from the Mungo Division were purposely chosen to represent the agricultural activities within the region. Findings: The study confirms that fruit crop production has significant socio-economic benefits in the Mungo Corridor. Over a 10-year period, banana production reached 195,000 tons, while pineapple production rose from 6,543 tons in 2012 to 28,141 tons in 2022. Papaya production increased from 36 tons to 86 tons during the same period. The income from fruit sales enabled stakeholders to develop socio-economic activities, fostering regional development. Fruit crop production contributed to the construction of 12 schools (primary and secondary), 21 health centers, the rehabilitation of 8 fruit markets, 3 bus stations, and growth in the informal sector. However, the study also identified several challenges with Farmers face limited access to markets. Poor infrastructure affects production and distribution. The looming threat of climate change presents long-term risks to fruit farming. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: To address the challenges and ensure sustainable fruit crop production in the Mungo Corridor, the study recommends the implementation of policies that promote local products and support farmers through market access initiatives. Invest in transport, storage, and market infrastructure to improve efficiency. Develop interventions to mitigate the impact of climate change on fruit production and strengthen cooperation among farmers, government, and private actors to maximize the benefits of fruit crop production and foster sustainable development. By highlighting the essential role of fruit farming in the socio-economic development of the Mungo Corridor, the study emphasizes the need for renewed efforts to support the sector and enhance its contributions to regional growth.

Use of School Data Management System (SDMS) For Performance of Students in Twelve Years Basic Education in Rwanda

This paper assessed the use of school data management system in performance of students in twelve years basic education in Musanze District. The Research project aimed to achieve the following objectives: to evaluate the DSMS types of financial services in use for the performance of students of 12YBE; to assess the role of SMS academic evaluation in the performance of students of 12YBE; to show how SDMS helps in school infrastructure management for the performance of students of 12YBE; and to ascertain the effects of SDMS personal identification in the performance of students of 12YBE. The research project employed a descriptive survey design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The target population was 1,130 respondents projecting in education sector Musanze District. In this Research project 339 respondents were sampled from 1,130 teaching staff. This sample was scientifically determined using an appropriate research project formula. The sample size was determined using Slovin’s formula. Stratified random sampling was implemented, wherein strata were established according to the schools. The primary data were collected using questionnaires elaborated for 339 respondents. For validity, the questionnaire was shared with seasoned research project for their inputs which were taken into consideration before piloting the questionnaire and conducting comprehensive data collection. The data analysis encompassed both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative research project involved precise measurement techniques to yield accurate mathematical outcomes. Data were presented in tables and graphs, and quantitative data were analyzed and interpreted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The findings were done for only 330 respondents as 9 questionnaires were not returned. So, the findings from 330 respondents showed that the use of School Data Management Systems (SDMS) in Rwanda’s 12-Year Basic Education system has demonstrated significant potential to enhance educational practices and improve student outcomes. The comprehensive analysis conducted in this Research project reveals strong correlations between SDMS implementation and various facets of student performance, academic evaluation, infrastructure management, and personal identification. Recommendations have been provided to both SDMS users in schools and MINEDUC to optimize SDMS utilization, ensure sustainable implementation, and foster data-driven decision-making.

Dividend Policy and Share Price Volatility of Listed Construction Firms at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

The inherent volatility in all stock market scares low risk takers from the financial market and is capable of deterring investments. One of the factors that drives investors’ reactions to stock pricing is the dividend policy. This study examined the influence of dividend policy on the volatility of stock prices of construction firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange for the period spanning five (5) years from 2019 to 2023. The study was dealt with on the following objectives; to examine the influence of dividend pay-out on share price volatility of listed construction firms at the NSE, Kenya, to determine the influence of dividend yield on share price volatility of listed construction firms at the NSE, Kenya. The study was guided by the: Dividend relevance theory, and dividend irrelevance theory. This study adopted a correlational research design while dealing with the research objectives. A census method was employed in data collection before analysis of the audited financial statements that was downloaded from the firm websites in arriving at detailed and well informed conclusions by employing Multiple regression, Correlation and ANOVA techniques using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to establish the existence (or lack of it) of the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable of the study. The findings revealed that dividend policy influenced share price volatility by; dividend pay-out ratio (r=0.111, β=0.036, t=4.7240); and dividend yield (r= -0.018, β= -0.003, t= 2.7130). The study recommended that potential and existing investors should opt for listed firms in the construction sector with a high dividend payout ratio compared to the earnings generated by the firms; Investors to invest in firms with high dividend payouts. The study achieved its main objective. Keywords: Dividend Policy, Dividend Pay-out, Dividend Yield, Share Price Volatility

Entrepreneurial Skills and Performance of Women’s Small Enterprises in Turkana County, Kenya

Performance enterprise is important determinant for survival and meeting stakeholders’ interests. However, a performance enterprise has been a concern as many small enterprises report dismal performances. Entrepreneurial dimensions are reported to leverage competitiveness, survival and growth of enterprises. Thus, study attempted to examine influence of entrepreneurial skills on performance of women owned small enterprises in Turkana County, Kenya. The study was guided by three specific objectives: evaluate the influence networking skills on performance of women’s small enterprises, to determine influence of communication skills on performance of women’s small enterprises and to investigate the influence of innovation skills on performance of women’s small enterprises in Turkana County, Kenya. The study was anchored on the Opportunity Based Entrepreneurship Theory, stakeholders’ theory and resource based firm theory. The study employed descriptive research design consisting of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population was 1235 respondents, comprising of the management/owners of the women enterprises in Turkana County, Kenya. The sample size was 302 respondents obtained using the simple random techniques. The study utilized questionnaires to collect data. A pilot test was conducted to ensure data validity and reliability of the research instrument. The study employed both descriptive and inferential statistics with aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29 software. Descriptive statistics such as mean, frequencies and standard deviations assisted in summarizing sample characteristics, while inferential statistics regression, correlations and ANOVA to establish relationships. The findings of the study created insights among the operators influence of entrepreneurial skills on performance of women’s small enterprises in Turkana County, Kenya. Secondly, contribute to policy makers’ influence of contributing entrepreneurial skills on performance of women’s small enterprises. Lastly, to results contributed to academic discourse on entrepreneurial skills on performance of firms. Networking skills explained 43.2% of performance of women’s small enterprises in Turkana County, Kenya, communication skills 61.0%, and innovation skills 38.2% of performance of women’s small enterprises in Turkana County, Kenya. The study recommended for further research work to be conducted to review the influence of other variables on performance of women’s small enterprises in other counties in Kenya. Keywords: Strategy implementation, Strategy Evaluation, Accessibility of NGO’s to Donor Funding

Determinants of medication non-adherence among patients with chronic diseases at community pharmacy settings in South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a multicenter cross-sectional study

BackgroundMedication non-adherence is a significant public health concern in managing patients with chronic diseases, and community pharmacists are on the frontline in the management of chronic medications. Chronic diseases require lifelong pharmacotherapy and understanding the determinants of medication adherence has paramount importance to develop strategies that improve medication adherence and treatment outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of medication non-adherence and its contributing factors among patients with chronic diseases attending community pharmacies in South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted at community pharmacies in South Gondar Zone from September 01 to October 30, 2023. Medication adherence was assessed using a structured questionnaire using the Adherence in Chronic Diseases Scale (ACDS). Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used for analysis. Association between the outcome variable and independent variables was performed using binary logistic regression and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAmong three hundred and eighty six (386) study participants recruited in this study, more than half of them 222 (57.51%, 95%CI: 52.4% - 62.5%) were low adherent to their medications. Concerning determinants of medication non-adherence; the presence of side effects (AOR =2.1, 95%CI=1.33-3.29), unable to get ever counseling from community pharmacists (AOR=2.3, 95%CI= 1.46-3.58), and poor about their medications (AOR=3.1, 95% CI= 1.96-4.82) were significantly associated with patients’ non-adherence to medications.ConclusionThe medication adherence level in this study was suboptimal, with a significant proportion of the patients being non-adherent to their medications. The presence of side effects, unable to get ever counseling, and poor knowledge about their medications were statistically significant factors of poorer medication adherence. Hence, healthcare professionals, especially community pharmacists, have a crucial role in designing the schedule for health education concerning the needs of these patients in community pharmacy settings.

Impostor syndrome and academic hardiness: Investigating the impact on academic anxiety students

Academic life serves as a process for students to develop their abilities; however, in reality, not all students can optimize their potential. This is often related to internal factors such as emotions, feelings, and perceptions. This study aims to examine the influence of impostor syndrome tendencies and academic hardiness on academic anxiety. The research method employed is quantitative. The subjects of this study were 205 students from Mulawarman University in Samarinda, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using scales measuring academic anxiety, impostor syndrome, and academic hardiness. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression, with data analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0 for Windows. The results of the study indicate that (1) there is a significant influence of impostor syndrome and academic resilience on academic anxiety, with an F-value of 43.279 > F-table of 3.23 and p = 0.000 < 0.05, contributing 30% of the variance; (2) there is a significant positive influence of impostor syndrome on academic anxiety, with a beta coefficient (β) = 0.459, t-value = 7.186, and p = 0.000 (p < 0.05); and (3) there is a significant negative influence of academic hardiness on academic anxiety, with a beta coefficient (β) = -0.171, t-value = -2.676, and p = 0.008 (p < 0.05).a coefficient beta (β) value of 0.363, t value = 2.407, and p = 0.021 (p < 0.05); (3) there is a significant negative influence of academic hardiness on academic anxiety with a coefficient beta (β) value of -0.472, t value = -3.127, and p = 0.003 (p < 0.05). The study finds that impostor syndrome and academic hardiness significantly influence academic anxiety, with impostor syndrome showing a positive impact and academic hardiness showing a negative impact.

Investigating Small Business Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development in Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria

The study examined the relationship between small business entrepreneurship and sustainable development in Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria. The study was anchored on Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, by Jay Barney in 1991. A random sampling probability technique was used. The population of the study consisted of 260 registered small businesses in Onitsha. Krejcie and Morgan's table was used to obtain a sample size of 155. Hypotheses were tested using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 27). Hypothesis one indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between creativity and social equity of small businesses in Onitsha, Anambra State, with r = 0.912, n = 155, and p-value of 0.037 (p<0.05). Hypothesis two revealed that there is a positive significant correlation between response to opportunities and environmental protection of small businesses in Onitsha, Anambra State, with r = 0.758, n = 155, and p-value of 0.022 (p<0.05). The study concluded that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between small business entrepreneurship and sustainable development in Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria. The study recommended that the Anambra State Government needs to promote creative initiatives in Onitsha to advance social equity and community development. The Nigerian government needs to encourage entrepreneurship and innovation among small businesses to enhance environmental protection and sustainable development in the country.

Causes and Reduction Strategies of Research Writing Anxiety among Social Science Undergraduate Students at Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy, Tanzania

This study examined the causes and reduction strategies of research writing anxiety among social science undergraduate students at The Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy (MNMA) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A descriptive research design was adopted to facilitate the collection of quantitative data using a structured close -ended questionnaire. A total of sample size of 168 respondents were determined, using an online sample size calculator. Data was analyzed descriptively using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 19. The findings exhibit a significant prevalence of anxiety among students caused by several factors such as lack of research writing skills, unfamiliarity with academic conventions, and time constraints. Additionally, the study identified several strategies to reduce research writing anxiety, including dedicating a semester for research, selecting appropriate supervisors, allowing more time for research writing, limiting undergraduate students to writing only a proposal and making research an optional module. In light of the prevalence of anxiety among students, the study recommends that university administrators implement targeted support programs, including writing workshops and counseling services, to help students manage and reduce their anxiety levels effectively.