Station Director Research Articles

Plant Evaluation Program for Nursery Crops and Landscape Systems by the Southern Extension and Research Activities/Information Exchange Group-27

The Southern Extension and Research Activities/Information Exchange Group-27 (SERA/IEG-27) is sponsored by the Southern Association of Agricultural Experiment Station Directors. Thirteen universities and the U.S. National Arboretum cooperate with official representatives from extension and research programs. The objective of the group is to identify, evaluate, select, and disseminate information on superior, environmentally sustainable, landscape plants for nursery crop production and landscape systems in the southeastern U.S. Plants are distributed to members responding to a request from cooperators for plant evaluation. Those who agree to cooperate are expected to grow the selected liner to landscape size, then transplant it in a landscape setting. The plant is rated for insect, disease, and cold damage, heat stress, growth rate, ornamental flowering and fruiting, fall color, commercial production potential, landscape potential, invasiveness potential, and insect disease transmission potential. Growth rate is evaluated annually by recording plant height and width. Initial bloom date is reported followed by bloom duration in days. Following evaluation, the group collectively and individually disseminates information gained from the plant evaluation system to a wide variety of audiences.

SERA-IEG-27: Nursery Crop and Landscape Systems; Plant Evaluation Program

SERA-IEG-27, Southern Extension and Research Activities–Information Exchange Group–27, is sponsored by the Southern Association of Agricultural Experiment Station Directors. Thirteen states cooperate with Official Representatives from Extension and Research programs. The objective of the group is to identify, evaluate, select, and disseminate information on superior environmentally sustainable landscape plants for nursery crop production and landscape systems in the Southeast. Plants are distributed to those responding to a request for plant evaluation cooperation. Those that agree to cooperate are expected to grow a liner to landscape size, plant it in an landscape setting and evaluate the plant (numerically, a scale of 1–10 for insect damage, disease damage, cold damage, heat stress, growth rate, flower, fruit, fall color, production potential, landscape potential, invasive potential, and insect disease transmission potential, as well as plant height and width and time/duration of bloom). Following evaluation the group is to collectively and individually disseminate information gained from the plant evaluation system to a wide variety of audiences.

Career-Related Characteristics of Male and Female News Directors

A national survey assessed variables related to career progress by men and women in broadcast news management. Fifty-two male and fifty-five female news directors of TV stations were interviewed by telephone. At work, the women and men expressed similarity in their job satisfaction, management styles, and optimism about their careers. They differed in career goals and the forms of discrimination they had encountered. Differences were greater at home, where female news directors had more family responsibilities and stress than did their male counterparts.

A Case Study of Research Prioritization in an Agricultural Experiment Station

(.)The prioritization emphasized: (i) state research needs; (ii) a developmental, iterative, interactive procedure between the station administrative staff and units, scientist expert teams and principle investigators; (iii) the identification of researchable projects, budgets and disciplines by scientist expert teams; (iv) station director decisionmaking authority on final projects and budgets; and (v) project funding and implementation (.)

Promoting Innovation and Creativity

Government research organizations vary, but share a number of common problems. Though not specific to any one agency, here are some nagging problems that may inhibit the effectiveness and productivity of research organizations: * Poor public perception of goals or mission. * Inflexible program development processes. * Fragmentation of broad problems along functional lines. * Inflexible program-funding guidelines. * Inability to acquire funds to capitalize on emerging research opportunities. * Excessive paperwork and administrative burdens that distract scientists from the primary function of research. * Inflexible recruitment and hiring practices that make it difficult to compete for the-best people. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Forest Service, recognizing the value of a creative and innovative work environment, initiated a pilot test program to explore ways to enhance these qualities in two of its research stations. The Northeastern Forest Experiment Station at Broomall, Pennsylvania, and the Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station at Berkeley, California, both participated in this pilot program, which began in 1985. The two stations were given wide latitude for restructuring and changing their organizational and operational procedures. The only top-down parameters were that changes must be legal and within basic policy bounds. Therefore each station decided independently what changes to make and how and when to implement them. Employee-Driven Program In the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, the pilot test was implemented as an employee-driven program and was kcpt as informal and nonbureaucratic as possible. To the station director (chief executive officer) was left, however, a foremost and critical task: The need to create a climate of trust and commitment so that all employees would get the signal that new thinking and behavior would be OK. The station director assured employees they would not be penalized for any type of idea or opinion submitted to the pilot program, nor would any proposal for change be adopted if it would result in an adverse personnel action. The organization worked hard to develop a climate of mutual respect for individual difference and to encourage employees to share freely ideas for change. By these actions, the station began to lay the cultural groundwork for the program changes to follow. Procedures for carrying out the pilot program were easy and direct. Proposals for change were written in simple, direct form or dictated by phone to a pilot coordinator. They were then reviewed and acted upon (adopted, not adopted, or sent to the chiefs office for action) by a team composed of the station director, members of his staff, and field or project representatives. Adopted proposals were put into action immediately. To start the ball rolling, the following questions were asked of each employee: * If you were operating the Forest Service as a personal business, what change would you make in operating procedures? * What regulations, processes, and reports would you eliminate? * How would you improve customer satisfaction? * What perks or benefits would you give to your employees? Initial employee response was overwhelming and revealed a wealth of pent-up ideas just waiting for an opportunity to be released. Following this initial questionnaire, a blank survey form was circulated to capture employee proposals for change in an unstructured way. Again, a large number of ideas came pouring in, ranging from a simple change in office layout to a major redesign for developing research program proposals. Implementing the pilot test at the Pacific Southwest Station included many of the same features described above -- an environment encouraging risk-taking and a simple informal process for reviewing proposals. In addition, several brainstorming sessions were used initially to generate a wide range of ideas covering all facets of station management, organization, planning, and operations. …

Terrorism against the Punjab media

Rajinder Kumar Talib, All India Radio's station director in Chandigarh, was shot dead on 6 December 1990. His killers objected to the use of the word 'terrorist' in reports on their armed campaign.

Amblosoma reelfooti n. sp. (Trematoda: Brachylaimata Thapariellidae) from Viviparus intertextus in Tennessee and Thapariella prudhoei n. sp. from Lanistes sp. in Zaire

A new species of trematode, Amblosoma reelfooti n. sp., from snails (Viviparus intertextus) at Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee, U.S.A., is described based on morphology of the unencysted metacercariae. Adult Amblosoma occur in water birds, principally ducks (Anatidae); feeding experiments with chicks and mice were unsuccessful. The nearest genus to Amblosoma is Thapariella. Thapariella prudhoei n. sp. is established for Thapariella sp. from African snails (Lanistes sp.) in Zaire. A key is provided for the genera and species of the family. During a study of freshwater cercariae in snails at Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee, in 1947-1949 (Goodman, 1951), many individuals of Viviparus intertextus (Say) were infected with an undescribed metacercaria. Collections from the same locality in 1974-1977 revealed abundant V. intertextus with similar metacercariae. They conformed to the genus Amblosoma Pojmanska, 1972 from Viviparus viviparus in Poland. MATERIALS AND METHODS Snails were collected in 1947-1949 and 1974-1981 from shallow water along the Bayou du Chien, Walnut Log, near Samburg, Tennessee, adjacent to the no longer existent Reelfoot Lake Biological Station. Viviparus intertextus was found in abundance attached to the underside of logs. In the laboratory, the shells were removed and soft tissues placed in shallow dishes of water. Most of the metacercariae were loosely attached to the snail viscera and were found in the bottom of the dishes prior to dissection of the snails. Inside the snails, they were attached to the lung-heart-kidney-mantle region. Usually, no more than 1-3 metacercariae were found in a snail and often only a single metacercaria. They were examined alive compressed between glass slides to trace details of 1 I acknowledge assistance of Anderson University students (1977-1980) David Pistole and Mark Detweiler and belatedly the use of facilities at Reelfoot Lake Biological Station for summers 19471949. Research was supported by grants from Tennessee Academy of Science and the Station Director, Dr. C. L. Baker. Publication costs, in part, are being met by a grant from the SpencerTolles Fund of the American Microscopical Society. TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC., 109(3): 319-324. 1990. ? Copyright, 1990, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.59 on Sun, 16 Oct 2016 04:24:02 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC. the excretory system. Some were flooded with AFA while being flattened, stained, and mounted to study details other than the excretory system. Flame cell activity was enhanced by addition of neutral red or other vital dyes.

Changing Profiles of News Directors of Radio and TV Stations, 1972–1986

Changing Profiles of News Directors of Radio and TV Stations, 1972–1986

A Concordance of Scores and Recordings of Music by Black Composers

This preliminary biblio-discography, prepared on the suggestion of Dr. Samuel A. Floyd, Jr., partially supersedes and amplifies three earlier publications: Teacher's Guide to Recordings of Music by Black Composers, which appeared in College Music Symposium (v8, Fall 1973, p114119), Recent Recordings, published in The Black Perspective in Music (v5n2, Fall 1977, p225-227), and Concert Music and Spirituals, issued in 1981 by the Institute for Research in Black American Music, Fisk University. It differs from these, however, in that the only works cited here are those that have been both published and recorded. Because of these two criteria, the repertoire herein will not represent the totality of black musical culture, not even within the limitation of a style or idiom, or with regard to a given composer. This concordance may then be of interest to libraries, private collectors, teachers, music directors of radio stations, and, particularly, performers, who may wish to examine the scores and recordings simultaneously. As was true with these earlier publications, the recordings cited are generally restricted to those within my personal collection and which have been commercially available since 1950. Data on publications came from research to be published within the set, Bibliography of Black Music, to be issued in the near future by Greenwood Press. Supplementing this is the information gathered by Ms. McKenzie and Mr. Vlaun from the Morgan State University Choral Library, with the kind cooperation of Dr. Nathan Carter, Director of Choral Activities at Morgan. This is not to suggest that the collections consulted are lending libraries, however. It must be immediately admitted that this is not an exhaustive list. While it is not too difficult to acknowledge the representation of major labels and, at times, of the smaller labels, the most ephemeral and least known recordings of all are those issued by our black campuses, which often contain excellent and authoritative performances and, no less, un-

Effects of Research Priorities the Northeast Marketing and Competition Research Planning Steering Committee

The Research Program Steering Committee on Marketing and Competition was created in 1977 by the Northeast Experiment Station Directors. It was one of ten such committees asked to develop a master research program to identify research areas of high priority, coordinate and consolidate current research programs, implement new approaches, and coordinate future research plans. This particular committee was asked to cover research programs in “Marketing and Competition” (RP 6.03). The Master Program, still in the development stage, is an indicative plan. It is designed to indicate needed areas of research and priorities and suggests a mechanism for encouraging the allocation of resources in the indicated directions. The effect on research priorities will depend on how well we did our job, on how seriously the limited number of involved researchers take our suggestions, and on the impact we all have on the allocation of funds and human resources.

Economic Research and Education for Commercial Agriculture

IRST, I want to lay before you the limitations of my competence. For almost 20 years I labored, and I am biased enough to believe productively, in the vineyard of teaching and research in Agricultural Marketing. However, for almost 10 years now I have been in academic administration-six of which have been as Dean of Agriculture at Purdue. Contrary to some faculty opinion I have found the job of being Dean to be one which requires my full energies. Therefore, I admit freely to being only observationally acquainted with much of the research and extension developments in Agricultural Economics in recent years. Rather than go through a superficial literature research effort to look highly informed, I will present my opinions and observations as they are. You will have to assess their value and validity. I would mention, however, that my recent employment gives me some perspective of research and extension problems, and I believe these are to some degree shared by other Deans of Agriculture, and Directors of Experiment Stations and Extension Services.

Discussion: The Systems Approach – Research or Research Management

Much has been written on using the systems experiment station - as a means of organizing and approach as a means of allocating resources in large managing large multidisciplinary projects. The public agencies.' The literature includes discussion of authors state that the systems approach is required to possible applications, potential advantages, consider the complexities and environmental effects procedures, and problems of using such approaches as that are important in answering questions today. a means of allocating research funds in agricultural Many problems require consideration of the experiment stations. Much of this work has been interactions of biological, physical, and economic presented u n d e r t h e h e a d ing of elements within the system to provide useful answers planning-programming-budgeting systems (PPB). to the questions being asked. In many of these cases, Essentially, PPB is a systematic approach which it appears that the systems approach provides a means attempts to establish station goals, to develop to organize multidisciplinary research teams and to research programs for their accomplishment, to provide research output more efficiently than with consider the costs and benefits of alternative research other methods. projects, and to utilize a budgetary process which Although current research applications involve reflects program activities over the longer run rather analysis of more complex systems than has typically than on a yearly basis. been the case in the past, complexity of the systems Professors Parvin and Tyner suggest that a being analyzed is neither a necessary nor a sufficient systems approach such as PPB is needed to help condition for use of the systems approach in experiment station directors determine what managing projects. The only justification required is questions need to be answered, insure that the that its use provides a means to complete the research priority questions are examined and provide the more efficiently than with other methods.

The Politicising of Everyday Life: Social Conditions of Peace

or anticipated forms of involvement which require a certain insight into the system may also function as action impulses (for example, citizen reactions against the establishment of a political majority within boards of directors of radio stations, participation in the planning, educational-political actions). In these cases of activity relating to the system the approach is primarily cognitive, communicated through mass-media coverage, for instance. The ideal motivation domi-

Photoperiod Effects on the Ear Components of Corn, Zea mays L.1

Agronomy JournalVolume 58, Issue 4 p. 455-456 Note Photoperiod Effects on the Ear Components of Corn, Zea mays L.1 J. L. Ragland, J. L. RaglandSearch for more papers by this authorA. L. Hatfield, A. L. HatfieldSearch for more papers by this authorG. R. Benoit, G. R. Benoit Associate, Assistant, and formerly Assistant Professors of Agronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky.Search for more papers by this author J. L. Ragland, J. L. RaglandSearch for more papers by this authorA. L. Hatfield, A. L. HatfieldSearch for more papers by this authorG. R. Benoit, G. R. Benoit Associate, Assistant, and formerly Assistant Professors of Agronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 July 1966 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1966.00021962005800040030xCitations: 3 1 Contribution of the Agronomy Department, Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station (Journal article 65-3-80), in cooperation with the Division of Agricultural Development of the TVA and published with approval of the Experiment Station Director and TVA. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume58, Issue4July‐August 1966Pages 455-456 RelatedInformation

II. Specialization vs. Generalization in Training Agronomists

Agronomy JournalVolume 50, Issue 8 p. 482-483 Article II. Specialization vs. Generalization in Training Agronomists Wynne Thorne, Wynne Thorne Experiment Station Director, Utah State University, Logan, Utah.Search for more papers by this author Wynne Thorne, Wynne Thorne Experiment Station Director, Utah State University, Logan, Utah.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 August 1958 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1958.00021962005000080020xCitations: 3 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume50, Issue8August 1958Pages 482-483 RelatedInformation

A Qualitative and Quantitative Study of the Plankton Algae in Southwestern Georgia

One of the principal aims of the Emory University and the United States Public Health Service Field Station at Newton, Georgia, has been to study the various ecological habitats of the Anopholene mosquitoes in Southwestern Georgia. It was apparent that a qualitative and a quantitative study of the plankton algae of the area should be made, for the algae are utilized as food and shelter by the larval stages. With the full cooperation of Major Melvin H. Goodwin, Jr., the station's director, a preliminary survey was conducted in the summer of 1949. An intensive study was begun in September, 1950, and continued tlhrough September, 1951. Thius observations were permitted throughout all seasons of a continuous twelve month period.

A Preliminary Check List of Parasites of Some Domestic Fowls of Alabama

EARLY surveys in 1947 by the writer revealed several species of parasites commonly present in Alabama chickens; therefore, a general survey of parasites infesting poultry, particularly chickens, was thought to be worthwhile.A review of the literature revealed that very few poultry parasites had been reported for this state. In 1939–44, in annual reports to the Agricultural Experiment Station Director, Christenson listed the parasites he identified from 709 chickens that he had autopsied in connection with some Ascaridia studies. His birds came from the Station’s poultry farm and from other farms, particularly farms from one north-central Alabama county and from farms in the vicinity of Auburn. The six species of parasites he reported in chickens are starred in Table 1. During the same period, Earl and Christenson (1940) stated that Ascaridia lineata, Heterakis gallinae, Capillaria columbae, and Cheilospirura hamulosa are of considerable importance to the poultry raiser in Alabama, …

Greenkeeping Matters and the Gall Midge of Grasses

THE Board of Greenkeeping Research has adapted its research station at St. Ives, Bingley, Yorks., to war-time conditions. Some of its new activities have already been mentioned in these pages, and the first war-time number of the Board's Journal of Green-keeping Research (6, No. 21, from the Director, price 3s. 9d. per copy post paid) contains a number of short papers which deal further with the altered needs of the present time. The Station's director, Mr. R. B. Dawson, outlines the general war-time policy of linking golf grounds with food production so far as possible, and Mr. R. B. Ferro describes “War-time Turf Policy” from the point of view of minimal attention without permanent damage. There is a very useful survey of gall midge damage to grass seed by Mr. H. F. Barnes of Rothamsted Experimental Station. Many species, mostly of the genera Dasyneura and Contarinia, are shown to have specialized relations with a number of separate grass hosts. The damage done to seed plots must be very great, but seedsmen are now willing to pay more attention to their crops. Mr. Barnes considers the possibility of biological control through the selection of early or late maturing strains of the various host grasses to avoid the period of egg-laying. The present number of the Journal also contains notes and abstracts of a number of papers and matters of interest to those who have to deal with grassland.

Greenkeeping Research

THE report of the Board of Greenkeeping Research for 1937 (from the Board's Research Station, St. Ives, Bingley, Yorks. 2s. July 1938) shows an increasing amount of advisory work and original investigation at the St. Ives Research Station and at other centres. The Station lives within its income, but research work cannot be greatly extended with the present financial arrangements, as advisory work makes the first claim upon revenue. More advisory work was, moreover, accomplished in 1937 than in any previous year. The volume of research papers does not appear to reflect this policy, however, and a general account of work in progress will be found in the report, and also in a paper by the Station's director, Mr. R. B. Dawson (J. Roy. Hort. Soc., 63, 8 ; August 1938). A promising line of investigation concerns the use of potassium permanganate on lawns, to destroy moss and expel earthworms ; further developments will be awaited with interest. Supplies of seed of St. Ives creeping red fescue, the first of a series of improved strains of lawn grasses, are now available to greenkeepers. This strain has greater leafiness and density of growth than the existing varieties ; it has good winter colour, and reasonable resistance to fungal disease. Successful courses of instruction in the science and practice of greenkeeping have been prosecuted at the Station, and practical demonstration has been greatly improved by the establishment of a permanent exhibition of implements for the treatment of lawns.

The Comparative Cost and Effectiveness of Tillage and of Chlorates in the Control of Morning Glory, Canada Thistle, and Perennial Sow Thistle1

Agronomy JournalVolume 26, Issue 10 p. 864-876 Article The Comparative Cost and Effectiveness of Tillage and of Chlorates in the Control of Morning Glory, Canada Thistle, and Perennial Sow Thistle1 D. C. Tingey, D. C. Tingey Assistant Agronomist. The writer expresses his appreciation to all those who have made these studies possible, particularly to P. V. Cardon, Station Director, and to Harden Bennion, former State Commissioner of Agriculture, through whose efforts funds were made available for these studies, and to Dr. R. J. Evans, Agronomist, and to A. F. Bracken, Assistant Agronomist, for their helpful criticism concerning the manuscript. Much credit is also due to Dean F. McAlister and A. H. Blanchard, graduate students, who at different times had charge of the field work. Appreciation is also expressed to Professor C. T. Hirst of Logan and Mr. H. Holts of Nibley, both of whom supplied the land on which these experiments were conducted.Search for more papers by this author D. C. Tingey, D. C. Tingey Assistant Agronomist. The writer expresses his appreciation to all those who have made these studies possible, particularly to P. V. Cardon, Station Director, and to Harden Bennion, former State Commissioner of Agriculture, through whose efforts funds were made available for these studies, and to Dr. R. J. Evans, Agronomist, and to A. F. Bracken, Assistant Agronomist, for their helpful criticism concerning the manuscript. Much credit is also due to Dean F. McAlister and A. H. Blanchard, graduate students, who at different times had charge of the field work. Appreciation is also expressed to Professor C. T. Hirst of Logan and Mr. H. Holts of Nibley, both of whom supplied the land on which these experiments were conducted.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 October 1934 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1934.00021962002600100008xCitations: 3 1 Contribution from Department of Agronomy, Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan, Utah. Publication authorized by the Director, June 11, 1934. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume26, Issue10October 1934Pages 864-876 RelatedInformation