Static Synchronous Series Compensator Research Articles

A Hybrid SATS Algorithm Based Optimal Power Flow for Security Enhancement Using SSSC

Security and performance of the power system is the prime concern in its planning and operation. It is essential to devise proper measures for maintenance and improvement of security in the power system. Static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) is a type of series flexible AC transmission system device. The present research proposes a hybrid simulated annealing and Tabu search (Hybrid SATS) algorithm with SSSC to solve security constrained optimal power flow problems. The primary objective of the research work is to enhance the security of the power system and minimise the generator fuel cost. Contingency ranking is used to select line outages. The line flow limit violations in various single line outages are relieved effectively by Hybrid SATS with SSSC method, which keeps power flows within their security limits. Simulation studies are carried out on standard IEEE 30 bus to identify effectiveness of the proposed hybrid method and the obtained outcomes are put in comparison to SA with SSSC and TS with SSSC methods.

Comparison of (SVC/TCSC) - (STATCOM/SSSC) compensators and UPFC controller in network coupled to wind farm using Jacobian matrix in Newton-Raphson algorithm

In recent years, the fast progress in the field and the application of the electronic system transmission plays an important role to make the system more reliable, controllable and efficient. It opened new opportunities for the application of the FACTS devices. The Flexible Alternating Current Transmissions System technology (FACTS) is used to have an optimal continuous power flow and open up new opportunities for controlling the electric system network. The UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller) is one of the most versatile and complex power electric devices in the FACTS family. UPFC can control the active and the reactive power flow, a local bus voltage, it can also result a problem due to harmonics. In that regard, this paper presents a case study in which the PSAT software was implemented to comparing and analyzing the performance of the hybrid compensators namely (SVC/TCSC), (STATCOM/SSSC) and the UPFC in network coupled to wind farm. The Static Var Compensator (SVC) is a first shunt generation FACTS controller. TCSC (thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor) is consisted as a series compensating capacitor shunted by a thyristor controlled reactor. We can see that the UPFC controller has an effective power flow control, less setting time and less overshoot. The UPFC obtained a well known reputation for high controllability in power systems. The multilevel UPFC can be operated in STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator), in SSSC (Static Synchronous Series Compensator) and exactly in the UPFC mode. The results using Jacobian matrix in Newton-Raphson algorithm of UPFC are more significant compared to the hybrid (SVC/TCSC) and the (STATCOM/SSSC) controllers.

Contingency Analysis for Improved Power System Stability of the Nigerian 330 Kv, 48-Bus System Using Series Facts Controllers

Stressed electric network, either due to increased loading because of system expansion, or due to extreme contingencies, often result in voltage limit violations and overload of lines leading to extreme degradation in the system's damping torque, metamorphosing into fluctuations and dynamic instability. This paper employs two series, Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) controllers; Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) and Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) to investigate the system responses during line outages for dynamic stability improvement. The commercial version of Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) was used to model the Nigerian 48-bus power system network with simulation of line outages using breakers on lines 6-8 (Oshogbo to Ikeja West transmission stations) and 35-39 (Ugwuaji to Ikot Ekpene transmission stations). SSSC and TCSC were optimally positioned on line 21-28 close to bus 21 (Jos transmission station) after continuation power flow simulation and computation of voltage sensitivity factor of all the load buses. Results show that the two FACTS controllers effectively improved the system stability by reducing the rotor angle and speed and by damping the post outage oscillations of the bus voltage and real power.

Performance of static synchronous series compensator and superconducting magnetic energy storage controllers for frequency regulation in two area hybrid wind‐thermal power system using Cuckoo Search Algorithm

AbstractTo improve the management of limited real power resources, the controller parameters of flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTs) and energy storage systems (ESS) may be simultaneously tuned to optimize the frequency regulation in a two‐area thermal power system penetrated by wind power. In this regard, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), are operated together in different combinations in a two‐area power system. The controller parameters of SMES and SSSC placed in the system are optimized by means of Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA). Among the two, SMES is found to provide the best dynamic performance. The performance of coordinated controllers of SMES in both the areas supported by wind power from a double‐fed induction generator (DFIG), is also tested. In the event of any load perturbation, the dynamic performance of the controllers is analyzed with the sole participation of the DFIG and with the simultaneous operation of DFIG and SMES in both areas. Finally, time and frequency domain performance indices are reported and discussed.

Optimal allocation of static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) in wind-integrated power system considering predictability

The state of power systems is getting more and more unpredictable, by ever-increasing integration of renewable energy sources such as wind turbines. In addition to renewable generation uncertainties, the uncertainty of loads and system component's probable failure make predicting the power systems state more and more difficult. The correlation between uncertain variables intensifies this challenge. Accurately predicting the power network state has significant importance mainly in the decision-making process of system operation, bidding strategies, and management of risk.This study proposes an optimal location and reference set point for static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) for maximizing the system predictability, minimizing the total active power loss, and increasing the reliability of the system, simultaneously. A multi-objective biogeography-based optimization (MOBBO) algorithm is used to handle the multiple objective functions considering the operational constraints. The uncertainty of the system is modeled using the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method and the correlation between uncertain variables is handled by the Cholesky decomposition technique. The necessity of considering predictability indices in obtaining optimal location and setting point of the SSSC are comprehensively discussed. The probability distributions of apparent power and voltage magnitude of the SSSC converter are obtained, which can be very useful in deciding on the sizing of SSSC. The performance and advantage of the presented method are evaluated through simulation reports and investigation on the IEEE 57-bus system.

Coordination of multi‐type FACTS for available transfer capability enhancement using PI–PSO

To relieve congestion due to open-access feature in competitive power system framework, utilities plan flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS), ensuring improved utilization and performance of the transmission infrastructure. However, high-investment cost restricts implementation to single type of FACTS' planning in a time. Therefore, successive planning of another FACTS to delay transmission expansion results in multi-type FACTS planning. Consequently, to optimise performance, subsequent planning must coordinate with existing FACTS. The main objective of this study is to implement coordination of multi-type FACTS for available transfer capability (ATC) enhancement. A hybrid real power flow performance index (PI) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO), coordinate thyristor control series compensator (TCSC) in the first planning horizon with static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) and unified power flow controller (UPFC), in the second horizon. The PI–PSO-based multi-type FACTS coordination improves ATC of multilateral power transfers in a standard 9-buses test network. Results show that multi-type FACTS achieved higher ATC; such that enhanced ATC by TCSC–SSSC ranges between 8.06–69.34% while the TCSC–UPFC ranges between 11.85–71.59% for various power transfer transactions. A comparison of the three coordination schemes shows that the scheme with more decision parameters provides superior loadability and transfer capability improvement.

Multi-machine transient stability by using static synchronous series compensator

<span lang="EN-US">Transient stability in power system is vital to be addressed due to large disturbances that could damage the system such as load changes and voltage increases. This paper presents a multi-machine transient stability using the Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC). SSSC is a device that is connected in series with the power transmission line and produces controllable voltage which contribute to a better performance in the power system stability. As a result, this research has observed a comparison of the synchronization of a three-phase system during single-phase faults before and after installing the SSSC device. In addition, this research investigates the ability of three different types of controllers i.e. Proportional Integral (PI), Proportional Integral Derivation (PID), and Generic controllers to be added to the SSSC improve the transient stability as it cannot operate by itself. This is because the improvement is too small and not able to achieve the desired output. The task presented is to improve the synchronization of the system and time taken for the voltage to stabilize due to the fault. The simulation result shows that the SSSC with an additional controller can improve the stability of a multi-machine power system in a single phase fault.</span>

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Automatic generation control with fuzzy logic controller incorporating tandem and cross compound turbine

This dissertation characterize the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) knit together with tandem reheat and cross reheat thermal system wielding Proportional Integral (PI) and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). Multi area thermal system is designed with non-linearities such as governor dead band in addition with generation rate constraint. This study is come up with a knowledgeable application of Redox flow batteries (RFB) correlative along Static Synchronous Series Compensator. In order to enhance dynamic reaction of the load frequency control, redox flow battery has been appended in couple of the units as a result of being active rejoinder and nether time persistent. Ziegler Nichols method is wielded to regulate the PI controllers. During enormous load distraction within areas, conventional control methods alone would be ineffective in diminishing frequency deflection and power of tie-line swinging as a result of medium reaction by speed governor process. In order prevail this hindrance; fuzzy logic controller has been executed within the plant. Simulation studies affirm the efficacy of the fuzzy logic controller, depends upon the parameters like overshoots, under shoots and settling time, hence AGC functioning during abnormality in power system has been ameliorated. System is also studied for hydro thermal power system with simulation outcome.

Power System Oscillation Damping and Stability Enhancement using Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)

Power System Oscillation Damping and Stability Enhancement using Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)

A Fuzzy-Controlled Differential Evolution Integrated Static Synchronous Series Compensator to Enhance Power System Stability

Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) is the fact device that provides stable and controlled power transmission. The unequal load, power disturbances, and fault can cause power fluctuations in the system. In this paper, a more intelligent and optimized SSSC system design is presented with the integration of a fuzzy controlled differential evolution method. The method has analyzed the disturbance and variation occurs in the system. The fuzzy controlled analysis and dynamic search are applied to multiple parameters for observing the behavior of the system. The impurities and load evaluation-based fitness rule is defined with the DE algorithm to provide control over the power system. The fuzzy rules are applied for tuning the parameters dynamically for different scenarios and unequal load. The designed and optimized power system model is tested against the three-phase fault and unequal load conditions for single and multiple machines. The simulation results show that the proposed work model has improved stability and reduced fluctuations. The comparative evaluation is also conducted against the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetics, Differential Evolution (DE), and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The experimentation results verified that the proposed fuzzy-controlled DE method improved the performance of the system in varying load and fault situations. The proposed integrated-SSSC model has reduced the fluctuations and achieved the stability effectively against the other optimization models.

Optimal SSSC-based power damping inter-area oscillations using firefly and harmony search algorithms

The static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) can add a series reactance to the transmission line, and when it is fed using auxiliary signals, it can participate in damping inter-area oscillations by changing the series reactance. In this paper, the effect of the SSSC on small-signal stability is investigated. The design of a controller for damping oscillations is designed and discussed. Moreover, using the firefly and the harmony search algorithms, the optimal parameters controlling SSSC are addressed. The effectiveness of these two algorithms and the rate of SSSC participation in damping inter-area oscillation are also discussed. MATLAB software was used to analyse the models and to perform simulations in the time domain. The simulation results on the sample system, in two areas, indicated the optimal accuracy and precision of the proposed controller.

Performance analysis of distributed power flow controller with ultra-capacitor for regulating the frequency deviations in restructured power system

Abstract This paper presents a novel approach for automatic generation control (AGC) of two-area deregulated system with unequal sources for sustaining the frequency and tie-line power at perturbations. The combination of ultra-capacitor (UC) and various FACTS controllers such as Thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC), Static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), Unified power flow controller (UPFC), and Distributed power flow controller (DPFC) have been investigated in AGC of interconnected system with thermal-wind and hydro-diesel generating units. An innovative metaheuristic method called bat algorithm (BA) is used to ascertain the optimal gain parameters of the two degree of freedom (2DOF) controllers using an integral squared error (ISE) criteria. Furthermore, the productive assessment of the bat tuned 2DOF controllers are also compared with teaching learning-based optimization (TLBO) and cuckoo search (CS) methods optimized 2DOF in distinct contract scenarios of the suggested restructured system. The effect of the coordinated performance of UC and DPFC has been mitigated the oscillatory response of the AGC system at various operating circumstances. The investigations disclose that the bat optimized 2DOF-PID yield the productive outcomes with coordination of DPFC and UC in all contract transactions of the restructured system.

Improvement Congestion Management in Deregulated Power System Considering Voltage Stability and Loss Minimization

First of the practical defiance's in unsystematized electrical networks is Congestion management. Two manners of percussions used in Congestion management are frill manners and cost free manners. In this paper work congestion is released by using cost free manners seeing (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) FACTS controller like SVC (Static Var compensator), STATCOM, TCSC (Thyristor controlled series Compensator), and SSSC (Static Synchronous Series Compensators) devices. Manifold-objective functions are presumed for congestion management. Small signal stability, voltage profile, and Real power loss reduction are considered objective functions in this paper. The optimal placement of FACTS controller are institute by using sensitivity founded Eigen value analysis and Continuation Power Flow (CPF). The suggested algorithm has used to define optimal placement of FACTS controller and deciphering optimal power flow (OPF) to advance voltage profile and minimize the real power losses within real and reactive power generation margin. The recital analysis has been implemented for IEEE 39 bus test system using MATLAB/PSAT (toolbox) software. Results display the suggested technique has a competency to advance the “Voltage profile, small signal stability, Loss minimization”.

PIDF(1+FOD) controller for load frequency control with SSSC and AC–DC tie‐line in deregulated environment

In this study, a maiden application of cascade proportional–integral–derivative with filter (PIDF) and one plus fractional-order derivative (1+FOD), i.e. PIDF(1+FOD) controller is proposed for the load frequency control mechanism. The main purpose of the cascade and fractional order controller is to increase the degree of freedom and reject the disturbances faster. A novel attempt has also been made to model a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) with AC tie-line and HVDC tie-line. Here SSSC and HVDC tie-line are used to regulate and increase the power transfer capabilities between interconnected areas. Furthermore stored energy in the HVDC tie-line is utilised to improve the system dynamics by inertia emulation control strategy. An evolutionary salp swarm algorithm-based optimisation technique is adopted to optimise control parameters. The performance of the proposed controller is tested on a two-area hydro-thermal interconnected power system in deregulated environment. First, the effectiveness AC–DC-SSSC tie line is shown over AC-SSSC and alone AC tie-line with proposed PIDF(1+FOD) controller followed by the supremacy of proposed PIDF(1+FOD) over classical controllers. Finally, sensitivity is analysed by variation in system parameters, which shows the robustness of the proposed controller.

English

English

Wavelet transform-based protection of transmission line incorporating SSSC with energy storage device

Series compensation is generally used with long transmission lines to increase power transfer through the line and to enhance system stability. In the case of voltage source converter-based series flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controller, an energy storage device can be incorporated at the DC bus which further improves control of real and reactive power flow. However, four-quadrant operation of FACTS controllers with energy storage device poses new challenges for the operation, control and protection of power system. Most commonly used protection scheme for long transmission lines, the distance relay, may not be reliable in case of lines compensated with series FACTS controllers. This paper proposes a new wavelet transform-based relay logic for fast and reliable detection, and classification of faults in a hybrid series-compensated long transmission line incorporating a passive series capacitor and static synchronous series compensator with energy storage device (SSSC-ES). The proposed relay logic is also able to accurately estimate the location of fault, and a wavelet transform-based boundary condition is used to discriminate between internal and external faults. It is shown through various simulation case studies that the four-quadrant operation of SSSC and fault resistance have negligible impact on the performance of the wavelet transform-based relay.

Modelling and Control of a Three-Level Diode-Clamped Medium Voltage Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation

Efficient utilization of power networks under extreme voltage sags and swells and reducing the losses are widely recognized as the most important issues in energy industry. Power electronic converter based flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices play a significant role in power flow control, power quality improvement, voltage regulation and efficient energy utilization. Distribution static synchronous series compensator (D-STATCOM) is a FACTS device and it compensates for voltage sags and swells by injecting or absorbing reactive power to/from the power network. Modulation of D-STATCOMs is mostly based on pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques and space vector PWM (SV-PWM) is attracting considerable interest due to its better DC utilization and wide linear modulation range. In this paper, a three-level SV-PWM is suggested for the modulation of D-STATCOM which is based on a three-phase diode-clamped inverter (DCI). A grid connected three-phase power system feeding a 1 MW and 500 kvar load is designed in simulation environment and D-STATCOM is tested under voltage sags and swells occurring on the generation side. Results demonstrate that D-STATCOM successfully injects/absorbs reactive power to/from the system under fluctuating grid conditions

Enhancement of Power Transfer Capacity and Transmission Efficiency using SSSC

The power demand is increasing globally at a higher rate than the possible increase in the generation. The increased demand requierements put additional burdon on the existing transmission lines and sometimes burdoned beyond their power carrying capacities. Increase in power demand either due modernization of power system, industrialization leads to congestion problem and abruptly affects the stable and reliable operation of power system. Redesign and reconstruction of power system according to load requirements everytime is not an economical and viable solution. Other possible solution to the problem is use of FACTS devices. The use of FACTS devices the problems like increase in load demand, high losses in transmission line and dip in receiving end voltage can be eliminated or easily tackeled. In this paper, Static Synchronous Series Compensator as one of FACTS device has been used for improvement of voltage profile of different buses and power carrying capacity of the transmission lines. The main objective of this paper is to make a comparative investigation between compensated and uncompensated power system in terms of enhancement of power carrying capacity with low losses and improvement of voltage profiles of buses in the transmission network. The performance of uncompensated power system has been compared with compensated power system with the use of MATLAB/ Simulink software.

Analisis Pengaruh Static Synchronous Series Compensator Terhadap Kestabilan Transien Menggunakan Metode Nyquist (Analysis of the Static Synchronous Series Compensator’s Effect on Transient Stability Using the Nyquist Method)

Loss of synchronization causes a generator not in steady state condition, causing system instability. In this paper, Nyquist method is used to determine the transient stability of a synchronous generator using the Nyquist curve. The system is unstable if the G(jω) curve is further away from the point -1 + j0, while the gain margin value is below 6 dB and the phase margin has a value below 30°. The response of the system shows that the rotor angle oscillation on the generator is not synchronous, while the power angle experiences irregular transients so that the power angle increases until it cannot return to its steady state position. By using the Static Series Synchronous Compensator (SSSC) filter, the rotor angle oscillation response after 0.1 seconds begins to stabilize at an angle of 50°. The effect of the SSSC filter also affects the bus voltage oscillations from 0.15 seconds to 0.05 seconds and the real power oscillations from 0.13 seconds to 0.06 seconds.

Research on key technologies of high voltage and large capacity static synchronous series compensator control system

With the rapid development of economy, the structure of power grid is becoming more and more complex, which has brought about uneven distribution of power flow, limited transmission capacity and the decline of power quality. The application of new static synchronous series compensator can quickly and effectively regulate power flow, suppress sub-synchronous oscillation and enhance system stability on the basis of guaranteeing transmission capacity. In practical engineering application, the design of control system and the realization of control algorithm are very important. In this paper, the control system of 220 kV 30MW self-excited SSSC device is developed based on the control and protection platform of serial RapidIO technology. Firstly, the main topology structure of SSSC is introduced, and the two-stage DC voltage stabilization and upper steady-state operation control strategy of SSSC using fast response control method which simultaneously regulates modulation ratio and trigger angle are expounded. Secondly, the dual redundancy control system architecture is designed, and the control system implementation scheme is designed. Finally, the RTDS power in the loop experimental system is designed, and the control algorithm is verified by RTDS experiments. The experimental results show that the control strategy and control system implementation scheme adopted in this paper can realize smooth start-up and exit of SSSC device and flexible regulation of power flow. The developed control system can satisfy the long-term reliable and stable operation of the system, especially the design of redundancy mechanism, and increase the reliability of the device operation. Follow-up static synchronous series compensator project and even FACTS project provide reference.