Static Loading Conditions Research Articles

Predicting fracture behavior (mixed‐modes I/III) of cement asphalt mortar under fatigue and static loading conditions using response surface method

AbstractStatic and cyclic fracture properties (Modes I, III, and I/III) of cement emulsified asphalt mortar at three frequencies were investigated in terms of the fracture energy and fatigue life, respectively. For this to achieve, 576 edge notched disk bend specimens with 16 haphazard mix designs including, disparate bitumen‐to‐cement (B/C), water‐to‐cement (W/C) ratios, and cement contents (C) were tested. By developing statistical models (at the 5% significance level, p value < 0.05), the findings revealed that under static loading, the fracture energy got highest in tearing mode and lowest in opening mode. In all fracture modes, the fracture energy decreased with an increase of C and decrease of B/C while the mortar's fatigue life augmented due to a rise in C and B/C. Moreover, the fatigue life gained an increase with the increase in the fracture energy, loading frequency, and Me in the nonlinear trend. The utmost variation of fatigue life was explained with the increase of fracture energy which had the greatest effect in mode‐III loading.

A Study of the Characteristics of Micro-Seismic (ME) and Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) Signals under the Static Load Conditions of Rocks

Geological hazards, such as the frequent occurrence of rock bursts in deep mining, emphasize the critical necessity for the early warning and prediction of dynamic fractures in coal and rock masses, as well as the destabilization of the surrounding rock. This study delves into the mechanisms of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) signals and their synchronous coupling with micro-seismic (ME) signals. EMR and ME signals from rock specimens were systematically collected during the uniaxial compression fracture process using a dedicated monitoring and acquisition system. Employing the wavelet analysis method, the original data underwent reconstruction and denoising, while the EMR and ME spectra, derived through fast Fourier transform, were subjected to detailed scrutiny. The comprehensive analysis unveiled that EMR signals arising from rock fractures exhibited precise timing synchronization with ME signals. Moreover, the dominant frequencies of both signals are closely aligned within the low-frequency band, indicating a remarkable degree of similarity and homology. These findings establish an experimental basis for the development of monitoring and early warning systems geared toward assessing damage to coal and rock masses using EMR and ME signals.

Experimental evaluation of a vertical heat bridge insulation system for the structural performance of multi-residential buildings

This research aims to evaluate the impact of thermal bridge solutions on the structural performance of wall connection components in multi-residential buildings. After incorporating an H-type reinforcing system that utilized stainless steel and a UHPC shear key, four experiments were conducted under static loading conditions, employing an I-shaped specimen with dimensions of 800 mm × 600 mm × 200 mm. Furthermore, to properly evaluate the damage state and crack propagation of a structure under shear load, the specimens with, and without SK and UHPC were developed and tested to determine fracture pattern and shear strength. The experimental results showed that specimens with the UHPC and shear key contributed 2.5 and 3.1 times improvements in maximum loading capabilities, respectively. Additionally, the experimental findings were validated by performing simulations using the LS-DYNA program. This numerical analysis provides an additional understanding of the mechanical response of the building components.

Numerical Analysis of a Tunnel Passing through Jointed Rockmass

Abstract With the increase in the pace of development, the demand for tunnels has increased in recent years. Analysing the stability of a tunnel in a fractured rock mass is a very challenging and cumbersome activity. The tunnel stability depends on the strength of the rock, joints bolt strength, in-situ stresses, and their orientation. This paper focuses on constructing tunnels in fractured/ jointed rock mass. Three different software namely Rocscience Phase2 (finite element based), FLAC3D (finite volume based) and PFC3D (distinct element based), were used to analyse the performance and stability under static and dynamic loading conditions. The geomaterial properties used for the analysis were taken from data obtained after laboratory testing and based on available literature. The effect of joint orientation and bolt length was analysed using Phase 2 assuming plain strain conditions. The effect of earthquake and performance of fully grouted, energy absorbing and deformation-controlled bolts under seismic loading conditions were compared using FLAC3D. While the 3D distinct element analysis of geometry was performed using PFC3D to evaluate the effect of joints and their orientation. The performance of the different types of bolts was also analysed numerically. The behaviour of bolts can be customised using the ‘fish’ function. The results indicate that analysis must incorporate the fusion of various numerical simulation techniques like finite element-, finite volume- and distinct element-based methods for more reliable results.

Reduced switch cascaded asymmetrical 27 level inverter-STATCOMwith fuzzy logic controller

<p>In this study, a 27-levelinverter with a reduced switch asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge (CHB) with fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is proposed. With series connections, a low voltage converter, a middle level voltage converter, and a high voltage converter make up the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The configuration of the asymmetrical inverter uses trinary DCsources. To acquire switching signals for the trinary inverter-based STATCOM to compensate for real power, load voltage, reactive power, load current, and power factor under load changing conditions, FLC is constructed. With fewer switches, the suggested arrangement produces greater voltage levels. The performance of the reduced switch asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge inverter-STATCOM with FLCis simulated using the MATLAB Simulink platform under both static and dynamic load conditions. When compared to reduced switch asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge inverter-STATCOM with traditional proportional integral (PI) controller, the FLC result demonstrates efficient unbalanced load compensation. The FLC in the proposed inverter also lowers the total harmonic distortion.</p>

Performance Evaluation of Per-Phase Model Predictive Control Schemes for Extending Lifespan of Voltage Source Converters

Unequal thermal stress among the phase legs of a multiphase converter leads to a reduction in the useful lifespan and reliability of that converter in general. Increasing the converter’s lifespan by relieving the stressed phase leg, which suffers excessive thermal stress due to aging, is crucial. This paper evaluates two control concepts, including two per-phase model predictive control methods for extending the lifespan of a voltage source inverter. These two per-phase techniques alter the switching pattern to reduce the losses of the most aged phase leg. Hence, the loss and the corresponding thermal stress of the leg that has aged the most are reduced. In such a way, the lifespan and reliability of the converter are prolonged. Two per-phase model predictive control techniques are executed in both simulation and experiment environments, where the corresponding results are provided to evaluate the behavior of these control strategies, considering several operational aspects both in steady state and transient operation. In addition to static load conditions, two per-phase techniques are verified for the correct operation under dynamic load (induction motor) conditions.

Buckling behavior and energy absorption of grid‐stiffened composite cylinders under low‐velocity axial impact

AbstractGrid‐stiffened composite cylinders are widely used in a variety of applications and are subjected to static, dynamic, and impact loads. In terms of buckling strength, these structures outperform simple layered and sandwich composites of the same weight, and the presence of unidirectional fiber ribs contributes to their delamination resistance. The purpose of this research is to look into the buckling behavior of grid‐stiffened composite cylinders under low‐velocity and high‐energy axial impacts. The tests were carried out at room temperature using a 35 kg impactor with an impactor fall height of about 2.75 m. This study builds on previous research and considers the samples' thin skin, indicating that skin buckling is the primary buckling mode in such scenarios. According to static loading research, three types of buckling can occur in grid‐stiffened composite cylinders: local shell buckling, local rib buckling, and general buckling, and each of these can be controlled by adjusting the geometric properties. But, based on the loading speed in the weight‐drop test, controlling the specific type of buckling that occurs during impact loading is difficult. Examining residual structural effects can help determine the type of buckling and damage sustained during impact events. According to the results, the forces that cause buckling in grid‐stiffened composite structures under impact loads are 1.5–2 times greater than static loading conditions. Notably, once the forces are removed, these structures can return to their original positions, however with less stiffness. As a result, they absorb a significant amount of impact energy.Highlights Composite cylinders with spiral ribs have higher static compression resistance. Dynamic loading increases local buckling forces in grid‐stiffened structures. Despite being damaged, grid‐stiffened cylinders bounce back quickly after impact. Skin buckling is a common mode of failure for grid‐stiffened composite. The global buckling force is greater than the local buckling force.

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF SILICA SAND SLOPE MODEL SUBJECTED TO SURCHARGE LOAD

Natural disasters such as landslides are becoming more frequent due to global warming. Because of the more frequent occurrences of natural disasters, there is an urgent need for researchers in geotechnical engineering to conduct slope stability analysis. This paper presents the findings of a laboratory experiment and numerical analysis of the behaviour of silica sand under static loading conditions. The laboratory experiment modelled a small-scale slope in a 500mm wide, 1000mm high and 1500mm long acrylic box. The numerical modelling in the experiment employed, Finite Element Modelling (FEM), Plaxis 3D, and the Hardening Soil Model (HSM). The researchers conducted a consolidated-drained (CD) triaxial compression test to determine the parameters of the silica sand. The FEM results are similar to the test results for the maximum loading conditions of 9.6kN/m2. The experimental observation revealed that applying a surcharge load on the top of the slope surface resulted in deformation and bulging. These observations were consistent with and validated the experimental and numerical results. The results of this study will be used to investigate the application of a proposed prototype inclinometer sensor for slope monitoring technology.

Structural frame analysis of an electrically powered robotic subsea dredging crawler under static loading conditions

Robotic subsea dredging crawlers are dynamically and remotely controlled vehicles that are used for deep sea mining and recovery operations. These exploration machines are released from a mother ship and move around on the ocean floor using tracks. Current ocean crawlers such as the MK3 ROST are hydraulically powered. In this paper we develop a scaled-down model for simulating and performing static loading analysis of an electrically powered robotic subsea dredging crawler (EPRSDC). The modeling, simulation, and analysis were carried out using modelling software from Solidworks. The structural frame was assembled using the Tetrix max robotics kit. The kit's structural components were produced from 1050 aircraft-grade aluminum. The results were used in optimizing and for considering other materials, and the to identify specific areas to be reinforced in future crawler designs.

Road cut slope stability analysis for static and dynamic (pseudo-static analysis) loading conditions

Abstract Slope instability has been identified as one of the most natural and man-made disasters that can lead to the life of humans in danger and enormous loss of capital. The roads which pass on the hilly and mountainous terrains are frequently affected by slope failures since hilly and mountainous areas are characterized by variable topographical, geological, hydrological, and land-use conditions. Slope stability analysis was carried out using FEM (plaxis 2D) and LEM (slide software). The stability analysis covers both static and dynamic (in pseudo-static analysis) loading conditions on soil and rock material along selected critical slope sections. Two soil-critical slope sections and two rock-critical slope sections are analyzed in this study. The strength reduction method and method of the slice with Mohr–Coulomb model were used in FEM and LEM, respectively. The slope stability analysis was carried out for both dry and wet states of the soil and rock material along the critical slope sections (i.e., static dry, dynamic dry, static wet, and dynamic wet). The analysis result shows that the total displacement of the slope along soil critical slope section one is (0.58703, 0.58755, 2.35, and 2.38 m), along soil critical slope section two is (0.6574, 0.6621, 1.2841, and 1.2872 m), along rock-critical slope section one is (4.8624, 4.8672, 17.8463, and 17.8512 m) and total displacement along rock-critical slope section two is (3.8365, 3.8391, 11.437, and 11.6275 m) during static dry, dynamic dry, static wet, and dynamic wet loading conditions, respectively. In general, the result shows soil critical slope sections one and two are stable in dry conditions and unstable in wet conditions. Rock-critical slope sections are stable during the dry and wet states of the slope.

Bolted joint method for composite materials using a novel fiber/metal patch as hole reinforcement—Improving both static and fatigue properties

Several joining methods exist, and these are generally categorized as bolted joining methods, adhesive bonding methods, or hybrids of the two. Over the years several joining techniques have been proposed to improve the load transfer between components. This paper presents a new bolted/pinned joining methods for composite applications. This is done by introducing a new patch-type reinforcement. Both static and fatigue test results are presented and compared with unreinforced bolted joint data. Experimental data shows that significant improvements are obtained for both static and fatigue load conditions when this new joining method is utilized. Different metrics are used in the paper to compare the performance of the presented joining methods with existing methods. These metrics are a load transferring efficiency factor, bearing stress, and percentage improvement compared to a reference sample. For most of these metrics, the presented joining method performs similarly or significantly better than existing solutions. In addition, finite element simulations highlight that the advantage of the presented joining method is that the load is not only carried by compressive stresses above the loaded hole but also by tensile stresses below the hole. Therefore a much more efficient load-transferring mechanism is created with the presented joining method.

Exploring the Biomedical Potential of PLA/Dysprosium Phosphate Composites via Extrusion-Based 3D Printing: Design, Morphological, Mechanical, and Multimodal Imaging and Finite Element Modeling.

The present investigation demonstrates the feasibility of dysprosium phosphate (DyPO4) as an efficient additive in polylactide (PLA) to develop 3D printed scaffolds through the material extrusion (MEX) principle for application in bone tissue engineering. Initially, uniform sized particles of DyPO4 with tetragonal crystal setting are obtained and subsequently blended with different concentrations of PLA to extrude in the form of filaments. A maximum of 20 wt % DyPO4 in PLA matrix has been successfully drawn to yield a defect free filament. The resultant filaments were 3D printed through material extrusion methodology. The structural and morphological analysis confirmed the successful reinforcement of DyPO4 throughout the PLA matrix in all of the 3D printed components. All of the PLA/DyPO4 composites exhibited magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography contrasting properties, which were dependent on the dysprosium content in the PLA matrix. The detailed mechanical evaluation of the 3D printed PLA/DyPO4 composites ensured good strength accomplished by the reinforcement of 5 wt % DyPO4 in PLA matrix, beyond which a gradual decline in the strength is noticed. Representative volume elements models were developed to realize the intrinsic property of the PLA/DyPO4 composite, and finite element analysis under both static and dynamic loading conditions has been performed to account for the reliability of experimental results.

Sex differences in aortic stenosis progression and myocardial response

Abstract Background Aortic stenosis (AS) produces an increased afterload and consequently left ventricular (LV) remodeling. While current guidelines recommend the same echo-doppler criteria for diagnosis and grading of AS for men and women, different sex-specific patterns of cardiac remodeling, and eventually damage, have been reported. Whether these different patterns are caused by sex-related AS progression rate or myocardial response is less well known. Aim We aim to compare longitudinal changes in aortic valve and cardiac function between women and men with AS to investigate sex-related differences in AS progression and cardiac remodeling. Methods Patients with mild-to-severe AS and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50 % at least in 2 transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) were retrospectively identified. Prosthetic and bicuspid valves were excluded. Serial TTEs provided a multiparametric framework to compare AS severity, progression rate and induced cardiac changes between sexes. Results 914 patients were included (median follow-up time of 6.8 years) and 52 % (473) were female. Both sexes had similar baseline aortic peak velocities (APV) (2.9±0.9 m/s), mean pressure gradient (MPG) (27±13 mmHg) and LVEF (60±5 %). Women were older (75±9 vs 73±8 years; p<0.001), had smaller body surface area (BSA) (1.70±0.15 vs 1.88±0.16 m2, p<0.001), proportionally lower stroke volume (SV) (82±19 mL vs 91±22 mL, p<0.001), lower indexed LV mass (iLVM) (118±33 g/m2 vs 125±28 g/m2, p<0.001) and higher indexed left atrial (LA) volume (39±13 vs 49±20 mL/m2, p<0.001). The average annual progression rate of APV and MPG was similar for both groups (2 mmHg/year and 0.14 m s-1 year-1). After multivariate adjustment including time-dependent aortic valve replacement, women had a higher incidence of severe LV hypertrophy as measured by iLVM (HR=1.16, CI=1.08-1.91, p<0.01), moderate-to-severe tricuspid valve regurgitation (HR=2.03, CI=1.01-4.07, p<0.05) and pulmonary hypertension (PHT) (HR=1.49, CI=1.02-2.18, p=0.04) at 5 years. Similar incidence rates were seen for LV dilation, LVEF reduction and mitral valve regurgitation. All-cause mortality rates were similar between groups (p=0.30). Conclusion This study suggests that under similar static and dynamic loading conditions, women will develop severe LV hypertrophy and PHT earlier than men, possibly reflecting sex-specific response differences intrinsic to the myocardium. This suggests that the definition of AS severity may benefit from a shift from a valve-focused to a myocardial-integrative approach taking gender into account.

Strengthening mechanisms and microstructural evolution of medium manganese steel under dynamic and static loading

The study analyzes the deformation strengthening mechanisms of medium manganese steel under dynamic and static loading conditions. Different austenite volume fractions (7.4 %, 19.1 %, 30.9 %, 37.7 %) were obtained by varying the heat treatment temperatures (640 °C, 660°C, 680 °C, 700 °C). Results show a linear increase in austenite volume fraction with higher annealing temperature, while carbon content in austenite decreases. Yield strength initially decreases and then increases with annealing temperature. The mechanical properties of all four temperature-tested steels show a clear strain rate dependence in the high strain rate range, with strength increasing with strain rate. Quasi-static conditions no significant strain rate sensitivity. 680 °C test steel's quasi-static deformation is mainly governed by the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect and dislocation slip in body-centered cubic (bcc) crystals. Dynamic deformation after a strain of 0.14 shows a weakened TRIP effect, and dislocation strengthening in bcc crystals becomes dominant despite a large amount of untransformed austenite. During quasi-static deformation, 700 ℃ test steel exhibits strain hardening due to the TRIP effect at low strains and significant dislocation strengthening in bcc crystals at high strains. Although the TIRP effect is initially suppressed during dynamic deformation, it lasts for a long time. The combined effects of the TRIP effect and martensite dislocation strengthening determine the deformation strengthening mechanisms. Additionally, an optimized Voce model with strain rate strengthening term is proposed. It can well describe the mechanical behavior under dynamic strain rate.

Collision-Caused thermal runaway investigation of li-ion battery in Real-World electric vehicles

Due to the limitations of static and non-realistic load conditions in laboratory environments, existing battery thermal runaway mechanism/characterization studies are unable to realistically restore the operating conditions and extract thermal runaway characteristics. In this paper, the actual thermal runaway historical data of collision electric vehicles are used. In-depth data mining and characterization of historical data from different perspectives are performed for the three months before the accident. Several feature parameters and outliers are extracted in the paper to explore the characteristics and mechanisms of thermal runaway due to collisions in the real world. In addition, based on the anomaly fluctuation analysis, a modified overall Shannon entropy is proposed to infer the exact collision time and location. The results show that the diagnostic results match the thermal runaway location in the accident report. In this paper, we used actual data to count the anomalous information before the occurrence of thermal runaway, and utilized the corresponding evaluation indexes to diagnose the anomalous features in the early stage of the accident 91 days in advance. This is the first study of thermal runaway of batteries caused by collision based on actual accident cases and real vehicle operation data.

Optimized Switching Frequency Voltage Balancing Schemes for Flying Capacitor Based Multilevel Converters

The redundant switching states of flying capacitor-based (FC-based) multilevel converters are used to balance the voltages of the flying capacitors. Attempts to balance capacitor voltages have ignored the switching transitions between converter switching states. In this paper, we propose a generalized voltage balancing scheme with an optimized switching frequency scheme for FC-based multilevel converters, including the classic flying capacitor multicell (FCM) converter, which needs less computation. All the switching transitions between the switching states of adjacent voltage levels are considered by the overall priority index of switching frequency. In addition, an overall priority index is utilized to balance the voltages of flying capacitors. Using these two indexes, three criteria are developed to select the proper switching state of the converter. Using these criteria, the proposed decoupled SVM scheme is implemented intuitively and simply for FC-based multilevel converters. The proposed scheme is evaluated by simulation results of a five-level FCM converter. Moreover, experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method in the static load and transient conditions.

Effect of crumb rubber and reclaimed asphalt pavement on viscoelastic property of asphalt mixture

Crumb rubber and reclaimed asphalt pavement have been widely used in the application of pavement engineering as they would greatly improve the high-temperature stability and rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures. This study aimed to give a comparative analysis of the viscoelastic improvement effect of crumb rubber and reclaimed asphalt pavement. In laboratory tests, 2 virgin binder contents, 2 crumb rubber contents, 2 sources of reclaimed asphalt pavement, and 2 reclaimed asphalt pavement contents were involved to produce 12 different types of asphalt mixtures with controlled aggregates gradation. Single axle creep test and dynamic modulus test were conducted to acquire stress-strain response under static and dynamic loading conditions. Creep performance was obtained under 20 °C, 35 °C and 50 °C, and dynamic modulus was obtained under 5 °C, 20 °C, 35 °C and 50 °C at 0.1 Hz, 0.5 Hz, 1 Hz, 5 Hz, 10 Hz and 25 Hz. Master curves were constructed for creep compliance, complex modulus, phase angle, storage, and loss modulus in the time and frequency domains, and an optimal fitting model was selected. As a result, it was found that both crumb rubber and reclaimed asphalt pavement had a positive effect on the elasticity of the asphalt mixture. In most scenarios, the elasticity improvement was dominated by reclaimed asphalt pavement but it was dependent on the aged binder content. The effect of incorporating crumb rubber and reclaimed asphalt pavement together was comparable to the sum of the effect when incorporating each of them solely.

Fatigue life improvement mechanisms of CFRP/Al hybrid joints – Load sharing study using a digital image correlation technique

In comparison with an adhesive joint, a hybrid joint often provides a more effective and reliable way to meet heightened safety requirements in engineering like FAA AC 20-107B. Nevertheless, its fatigue failure characterization, life improvement mechanism and engineering design approach have been understudied as compared to the static loading condition. This study aims to characterize the failure mechanisms by use of the digital image correlation (DIC) technique for elucidating the load sharing phenomenon of hybrid joints in the course of fatigue failure. In the study, bonded, riveted and hybrid joints were tested under static and fatigue loading conditions. To explore different mechanical behaviors of hybrid joints, two types of adhesives with an evident difference in modulus were selected to fabricate the joints. The fatigue life of an adhesive layer and that of the hybrid joint were investigated respectively to explore the means for life improvement. It is shown that the fatigue life of the hybrid joint can be significantly improved as a result of load sharing by rivets. The improvement of the fatigue life could reach 5 to 13 folders for the hybrid joint due to the load sharing, whereas its improvement ratio was only 1–2 times when the adhesive and the rivet were used independently. By considering the overlap area as an effective region for design of rivet group, an optimal stiffness can be obtained for the hybrid joint. This study identifies two completely different fatigue failure processes for hybrid joints and illustrates the improvement mechanisms of fatigue life, thereby providing a useful guidance for optimal design of hybrid joints.

System Identification Framework for Modeling of Static Creep and Dynamic Creep Behavior of Dense-Graded Asphalt Mixtures

The response of two dense-graded asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures under static and dynamic creep tests conducted in compression is modeled using the principles of the system identification framework in this study. The AC materials under static and dynamic creep loading conditions exhibit complex behavior patterns such as history dependency, plasticity, and temperature dependency. It is desired to formulate a constitutive model describing these complex phenomena. The empirical approach is outside the scope of this study. A viscoelastic continuum damage model requires individual experimentation to characterize linear and damage behavior. A viscoplastic model requires incremental deviator stress for plastic deformation. Both static and dynamic creep tests do not satisfy this condition. Therefore, the “system identification” approach is used in this study. Two methods of system identification approach—that is, black box and grey box modeling—are adopted to characterize static and dynamic creep behavior of AC. Of these two models under consideration, the black box models were versatile in modeling complex loading situations with a high degree of accuracy but lacked physical interpretation. While the grey box models have a physical interpretation, they are not as versatile as black box models.

Dominant elastoplastic behavior of geocell-reinforced sand subjected to cyclic loading under large-scale triaxial tests

The beneficial effects of geocells on improving the soils' characteristics have always drawn researchers' attention. However, due to the geocell's large scale, more accurate analyses, such as large-scale cyclic laboratory tests, are still needed to determine the soil-geocell system's actual mechanism. In the present research, a series of large-scale triaxial tests are carried out on poorly graded sand samples with 30 cm diameter and 60 cm height reinforced by geocell with heights of 0.6, 1.0, and 1.4 of the pocket diameter and placement depths of 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.35 of the samples' height under static and cyclic loading conditions. Contrary to common opinion, the results obtained for unreinforced sands showed that the maximum bulge, instead of the middle, occurred at 0.25 of the sample's height from the top surface. Changing the bulging from the middle to the upper part reflects the role of the direction of stress applied and the accumulation of the deformation due to plastic behavior near the load position. On the one hand, the results of static tests revealed that placing geocell at this depth delivers the best performance in controlling the bulging and reducing settlement values due to the predominant lateral support to the sand particles, reducing the localized stress concentrations, increasing internal friction and interlocking, and reducing the likelihood of shear failure. On the other hand, the geocell with moderate height had higher wall rigidity and stability against deformations compared to the geocell with lower and higher height values due to higher soil confinement potential and more resistance against buckling, respectively. Cyclic loading was also performed on geocell-reinforced soils under 110 cycles with cumulative strains ranging from 0.13 to 0.155 %. The cumulative strains for the unreinforced and reinforced soils were 0.196 % and in the range of 0.130–0.154 %, respectively. The best geocell placement depth under cyclic loading mode was at 0.05 of the sample's height, which had a cumulative strain of 0.13 % in 110 cycles and reduced the cumulative strain by about 34 % compared to the unreinforced sample. The presence of geocell in the soil generally led to an increase in the shear modulus and a decrease in the slope of the damping ratio. Further, the shear modulus was reduced by increasing the geocell placement depth.