Static Layers Research Articles

Evaluation of plasmapheresis membranes

The species rejected by plasmapheresis membranes are cellular. Only by postulating the form and then measuring the magnitude of cell—membrane interactions can such merebranes be compared. Superficial deposition of cells followed by movement of the cell layer has been previously postulated by the authors as the important cell behavior at the merebrane. Hence the resistance of consolidated cell layers was taken to be of primary concern. Experimental values of this resistance were obtained for seven microporous films. Results with static cell layers indicate little difference among membranes in the range of pore sizes normally prescribed for plasmapheresis. If sheared, cell layers on smooth membranes, but not on rough ones, seemed to show decreased resistance. Static layers on membranes with pores either larger or smaller than commonly prescribed for plasmapheresis showed resistances different from those of layers on the other membranes tested.

Study on Secondary Flows in Annulus Wall Cascades : On Radial Movement of Fluid in Blade Boundary Layers for Stationary Cascades

Static blade boundary layers, outlet flow angles and total pressure drop through annular cascades have been measured removing the boundary layers on annulus walls, in order to make clear the effects of an inward radial movement of fluid in the blade boundary layers. The numerical solutions of velocity profiles in laminar and turbulent boundary layers on the blades agreed with experimental data.

Static shear layers in nematic liquid crystals

Continuum theory for nematic liquid crystals describes many properties of these unusual liquids rather well. In particular the static theory of Oseen [1], Frank [2] and Ericksen [3] predicts satisfactorily a variety of equilibrium configurations of the anisotropic axis of these transversely isotropic liquids. Also the dynamic theory proposed by Ericksen [4] and Leslie [5] successfully analyses most flow effects, many involving rather complex coupling between flow and alignment of the anisotropic axis. Useful descriptions of properties of these anisotropic liquids and related continuum theory are readily available in the books by de Gennes [6] and Chandrasekhar [7] and the article by Stephen & Straley [8], while Ericksen [9], Jenkins [10] and Leslie [11] review different aspects of continuum theory in some detail.

Properties of static fluid cylinders and plane layers in general relativity

Exact solutions of field equations representing static perfect fluid cylinders and plane layers, with possible inclusion of electromagnetic or scalar field, are constructed and discussed. For the case of cylindrical symmetry, conditions at a regular axis are formulated and examples of regular solutions are presented. For planar and pseudoplanar configurations some limitations are obtained concerning existence of mirror symmetry in the thickness direction. These limitations make such symmetry rather unprobable, thus giving evidence that realistic models for equilibrium disklike configurations should be nonstatic (rotating). A configuration described by Teixeira, Wolk, and Som, possessing planar plus mirror symmetry (the case of disordered radiation), is shown to be unphysical.

Static fluid cylinders and plane layers in general relativity

Static perfect fluid distributions in general relativity which possess cylindrical, toroidal or pseudoplanar symmetry (these symmetries are locally equivalent) are considered. Solutions in quadratures are obtained for fluids with an unspecified equation of state and for rho c2=np, where n is a constant, with or without an electromagnetic field Fmu nu compatible with the symmetry assumed. Moreover, for rho c2=np, Fmu nu identical to 0, solutions are given in an explicit closed form. Some physical properties of the solutions are discussed.