Static Exercise Research Articles

ASSESSMENT OF RENAL SYMPATHETIC CONTROL USING INVASIVE PRESSURE AND FLOW VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS IN HUMANS

Objective: Renal sympathetic innervation is important in the control of renal and systemic hemodynamics and a target for pharmacological and catheter-based therapies. The effect of a physiological sympathetic stimulus using static handgrip exercise on renal hemodynamics and intraglomerular pressure in humans is unknown. Design and method: We recorded renal arterial pressure and flow velocity in patients with a clinical indication for coronary or peripheral angiography using a sensor-equipped guidewire during baseline, handgrip, resting, and hyperemia following intrarenal dopamine (30 ug/kg). Changes in perfusion pressure were expressed as delta mean arterial pressure, changes in flow velocity as percentage with respect to baseline. Intraglomerular pressure was estimated using a Windkessel model. Results: We included 18 patients with median age 57 years (range 27–85), 61% male in the final analysis. An overview of the hemodynamic responses is given in Figure 1. During static handgrip mean renal arterial pressure increased by 15.2 mmHg (range 4.2–53.0), while flow decreased by 11.2%, but with large variation between individuals (range -13.4–49.8%). Intraglomerular pressure increased with 4.2 mmHg (range -3.9–22.1). Flow velocity under resting conditions remained stable with median 100.6% (range 82.3–114.6) compared to baseline. During hyperemia, maximal flow was 180% (range 111–281), while intraglomerular pressure decreased to 33.0 mmHg [IQR 26.7–39.8]. Changes in renal pressure and flow during handgrip exercise were correlated (rho = -0.68; p = 0.002). Conclusions: We show that there are significant variations in the response to sympathetic stimulation following static handgrip exercise using invasive renal arterial measurements. These results demonstrate that intra-arterial renal hemodynamic measurements can be used to determine the renal effect of systemic sympathetic stimulus and allows identification of patients with higher and lower sympathetic control of renal perfusion. This may be useful in determining the response to therapeutic interventions aimed at altering renal sympathetic control.

The effect of proprioceptive training in the STAR Excursion Balance Test (SEBT)

Abstract Introduction. To control the movement, the brain must process proprioceptive information provided by mechanoreceptors. The role of proprioception in carrying out daily activities and physical exercises, was presented, using the SEBT technique and the proprioceptive mechanisms that represent the base of dynamic postural control. Objective. The aim was to highlight the effects of proprioceptive training on lower limb balance in subjects with lower limb injuries but also in healthy subjects, and to evaluate the effectiveness of proprioceptive programs based on postural instability to reduce knee sprains by developing proprioceptive control. These findings indicate the improvement of proprioceptive control which may be a key factor in reducing knee sprain. Working hypothesis. Applying a kinetic intervention protocol, consisting of static proprioceptive exercises, stimulates the body to maintain balance in situations of imbalance and increases the stability of the knee joint in Ministry of National Defense workers with a history of sprained knee or predisposition to injury. Methods. The research was performed on 30 subjects, male and female, employees of the Ministry of National Defense, distributed in two experimental groups: G1 and G2. Results. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the applied program, both for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, in increasing postural balance and proprioceptive control. Conclusions. Knee sprain is a trauma that occurs frequently among athletes. Like athletes, the Ministry of National Defense employees represent a population at high risk of injury or recurrence.

Effects of Static and Dynamic Exercises on Core Muscle Strength and Endurance

Background. Rehabilitation research is currently focused on the effects of exercise on patients with acute or chronic low back pain. However, there is a lack of preventive research investigating the effects of dynamic and static exercises on the strength and endurance of the core stability muscle in individuals engaged in leisure-time non-professional sports activities.
 The aim. To determine the effect of static and dynamic muscle exercises on core stability muscle strength and endurance.
 Methods. The study involved 12 volunteers (20–30 years old) engaged in leisure-time non-professional sports activities that did not experience back pain. Two groups were formed: the first (n = 7), in which the subjects performed static exercises, and the second (n = 5), in which the subjects performed dynamic exercises. The strength and endurance of the core flexor and extensor muscles were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. The study lasted 5 weeks. Exercise sessions were held 3 times a week for 20–30 minutes.
 Results. Strength and endurance of the core flexor and extensor muscles significantly increased in both groups. Comparing the effects of static and dynamic exercises on core flexor and extensor muscle strength and endurance, a statistically significant difference was observed in the change in core extensor muscle strength.
 Conclusions. The strength and endurance of the core flexor and extensor muscles increased both after dynamic exercise and static exercise interventions. Core muscle strength increased more after the dynamic exercise intervention.
 Keywords: core stability, isometric strength, physical therapy, exercise, young individuals.

MO603: Effects of Intradialytic Bicycle Ergometer Exercise on Inflammation Transcription Factors in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis (HD). In this context, the therapeutic potential of targeting the gene transcription factors associated with these mechanisms has been studied; for instance, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of antioxidant responses and, nuclear factor κappa B (NF-κB) that promotes the inflammatory response. However, the effects of physical exercise on the modulation of these factors are under investigation in CKD patients. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an intradialytic aerobic exercise training program on the expression of transcription factors (Nrf2 and NF-κB) in patients with CKD on HD. METHODS This is a longitudinal, randomized clinical trial with a washout period and crossover performed with 18 patients randomized into two groups: Exercise (individualized intradialytic aerobic exercise on an adapted stationary exercise bike) three times per week for 3 months and control (without exercise). After the washout period (1 month), the exercise group became the control, and the other group performed the exercises for another 3 months. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, and quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed to evaluate Nrf2, NF-kB and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) mRNA expression. The plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS Eighteen patients [11 men, 44.1 ± 8.4 years, 17.3 (6.6–124) months on HD] completed all the study. The obtained data revealed that the intervention did not affect the mRNA expression of Nrf2, NQO1 and NF-κB (Table 1). Also, TNF-α levels were not changed. However, IL-6 showed a tendency to decrease after the exercise intervention (P = 0.054). CONCLUSION Three months of intradialytic aerobic exercise were insufficient for modulating the transcription factors associated with antioxidant activity (Nrf2 and NQO1) and inflammation (NF-κB) in patients with CKD.

Design and Analysis of a Novel Reconfigurable Ankle Rehabilitation Exoskeleton Capable of Matching the Mobile Biological Joint Center in Real-Time

Abstract This paper proposes a novel reconfigurable exoskeleton for ankle rehabilitation, which is capable of realizing both static and dynamic rehabilitation exercises. The conceptual design is based on a reduced representation that regards the ankle–foot complex as a movable spherical joint, so as to better replicate the physical scenario. The screw theory-based analysis results indicate that in both rehabilitation modes, the proposed exoskeleton is capable of auto-matching its rotation center with that of the ankle complex no matter how the latter moves, once it is worn by the patients. In the 2-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) rehabilitation configuration, an analysis based on a 15-point reduced model provides the basis for assessing the kinematics performance in a case where the motion of complex's center is considered. Also, the results verify that the achieved workspace can always cover the prescribed rotation range without generating singularities, as long as the center moves within the defined cylindrical area. The demonstrated 3-DOF rehabilitation configuration possesses a partially decoupled-control capability. The singularity surface can be effectively expelled from the prescribed workspace by rotating the brace. Besides, the exoskeleton's dexterity varies smoothly in the whole workspace, and its performance can be further improved by evenly distributing the drive links.

PD29-05 THE EFFECT OF BIKE SEAT MODELS ON PERINEAL PRESSURE DURING CYCLING: IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENTS AFTER URETHRAL SURGERY

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022PD29-05 THE EFFECT OF BIKE SEAT MODELS ON PERINEAL PRESSURE DURING CYCLING: IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENTS AFTER URETHRAL SURGERY Behnam Nabavizadeh, Gregory Amend, Anthony Enriquez, Nizar Hakam, Jason Lui, Kevin Li, Patrick Low, Behzad Abbasi, Nathan Shaw, and Benjamin Breyer Behnam NabavizadehBehnam Nabavizadeh More articles by this author , Gregory AmendGregory Amend More articles by this author , Anthony EnriquezAnthony Enriquez More articles by this author , Nizar HakamNizar Hakam More articles by this author , Jason LuiJason Lui More articles by this author , Kevin LiKevin Li More articles by this author , Patrick LowPatrick Low More articles by this author , Behzad AbbasiBehzad Abbasi More articles by this author , Nathan ShawNathan Shaw More articles by this author , and Benjamin BreyerBenjamin Breyer More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002577.05AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The impact of perineal pressure and microtrauma amongst avid cyclists have been associated with sexual and urinary dysfunction, including urethral stricture disease. Following a period of perineal rest after urethral surgery, active cyclists seeking to return to this recreation search for guidance to reduce their risk for complications. Our objective was to determine which bicycle seat best shields the perineum and protects this sensitive area to recurrent trauma. METHODS: We tested five seats (Bontrager, Waterloo, WI) with varying levels of padding and morphology (comfort, fitness, fitness gel, performance, and race) for two different riders. We also tested undersized and oversized seats. The seats were installed on a Peloton® stationary exercise bike (New York City, NY). Force measurements were performed using a 9833E-50 Large F-Socket Sensor and its dedicated software (Tekscan, South Boston, MA). The bicycle was adjusted to ensure that the two cyclists had standardized torso and knee angles. We measured total and perineal forces in three conditions at the same resistance: a. at rest (not pedaling); b. at 8 mph; c. at 15 mph. We reviewed the heatmaps and used a standardized method to identify the perineal area using the ischial tuberosity landmarks. RESULTS: There was significant differences in terms of perineal force across bicycle seats (p <0.001) with fitness gel seats having the lowest forces in both sizes (Fig. 1). In all measurements perineal forces were significantly lower at 15 mph compared to 8 mph (p <0.001), except for the large size of performance seat (p=0.18). The oversized seat exerted less force on perineum compared to the undersized seat at both 8 mph (p <0.001) and 15 mph (p <0.001) speeds (Fig. 2). CONCLUSIONS: Racing bicycle seats exert more force on the perineum. Larger seats absorb a greater total force and act to distribute the subject’s weight thereby delivering less force to the perineum. More perineal pressure is delivered at lower speeds and at rest due to the need for the cyclist to lift off the seat during times of strenuous activity. Source of Funding: None © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e505 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Behnam Nabavizadeh More articles by this author Gregory Amend More articles by this author Anthony Enriquez More articles by this author Nizar Hakam More articles by this author Jason Lui More articles by this author Kevin Li More articles by this author Patrick Low More articles by this author Behzad Abbasi More articles by this author Nathan Shaw More articles by this author Benjamin Breyer More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

The Effect of Isometric Handgrip Therapy Towar Blood Pressure on Hypertension Patients in the Work Area OF batangkuis Public Health Center

Hypertension is a condition when the systolic blood pressure (BP) is greater than 140 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure is greater or above 90 mmHg. According to the America Heart Association (AHA), the America population aged over 20 years who hypertension has reached 74.5 milion people, but almost 90-95% of cases have no known cause. Hypertension has the potential to cause fatal complications end opens up greater opportunities for patients to suffer from storke, coronary heart disease, have a high risk of kidney failure, heart failure, and eye damage. Physical activity that used to lower blood pressure is the Isometric Handgrip Exercise which done with static exercises on contracting muscles, without any changes in muscle length or hand joint movement. Objective : This study aims to determine the effect of isometric handgrip therapy on blood pressure in patients with hypertension in the working area Batang Kuis Health Center. Method : This study uses a quasi-experimental quantitative method using a pre-test post-test design with a sample 29 people. The measuring instrument used in this research is the observation sheet. Data analysis was carried out using the paired t-test sample. Result: It seen the paired t-test of blood pressure before and after giving of isometric handgrip therapy, the mean value is 4.034 with std. Devitation 1.267 with a 95% confidence level with a value of 0.05 from a significant value of 2 tiles 0.000 or 0.000 &lt; 0.05. Thus, it concluded that there is an effect of giving isometric handgrip therapy on reducing blood pressuer in hypertension patients in the Batang Kuis Health Center.

Effect of Forefoot–Rearfoot and Pelvic–Scapular Weight Shifts on Lower-Limb and Lumbar Muscle Activity during Static Wall-Squat Exercises

(1) Background: The static body-weight wall-squat (SBWS) exercise is often included in the early rehabilitation stages of the lower limb. To establish its effectiveness and optimise its application, it is important to precisely quantify the muscle contribution to different versions of this exercise. (2) Methods: We analysed the electromyographic activity of lower limb and lumbar muscles during the SBWS with knees flexed at 45° by manipulating three different variables: horizontal distance of the ankles from the wall; scapular or pelvic location of the centre of pressure Cwall of the force exerted by the wall on the back; rearfoot or forefoot location of the centre of pressure CGR of the ground reaction force. (3) Results: The forefoot-to-rearfoot CGR shift significantly increased the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and tibialis anterior activity up to 23%, 26%, and 44% of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). The lumbar muscle activity was maximised (23% MVIC) shifting CGR at the forefoot, Cwall at the scapular zone, and placing the feet far from the wall. (4) Conclusions: These SBWS methods might be effective for quadriceps, tibialis anterior, and lumbar muscles strengthening in the early phase of rehabilitation intervention as soon as the patient can tolerate partial weight-bearing. The exercise appears suitable for patients with low back pain and limited lumbar muscle endurance, or quadriceps weakness and inhibition secondary to a knee injury.

Acute changes in forearm vascular compliance during transient sympatho-excitation.

The study of vascular regulation often omits important information about the elastic properties of arteries under conditions of pulsatile flow. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), vascular bed compliance, and peripheral blood flow responses in humans. We hypothesized that increases in MSNA would correlate with reductions in vascular compliance, and that changes in compliance would correspond with changes in peripheral blood flow during sympatho‐excitation. MSNA (microneurography), blood pressure (Finopres), and brachial artery blood flow (Doppler ultrasound), were monitored in six healthy males at baseline and during the last 15 s of voluntary end‐inspiratory, expiratory apneas and 5 min of static handgrip exercise (SHG; 20% maximum voluntary contraction) and 3 min of post‐exercise circulatory occlusion (SHG + PECO; measured in the non‐exercising arm). A lumped Windkessel model was employed to examine vascular bed compliance. During apnea, indices of MSNA were inversely related with vascular compliance, and reductions in compliance correlated with decreased brachial blood flow rate. During SHG, despite increased MSNA, compliance also increased, but was unrelated to increases in blood flow. Neither during SHG nor PECO did indices of MSNA correlate with forearm vascular compliance nor did vascular compliance correlate with brachial flow. However, during PECO, a linear combination of blood pressure and total MSNA was correlated with vascular compliance. These data indicate the elastic components of the forearm vasculature are regulated by adrenergic and myogenic mechanisms during sympatho‐excitation, but in a reflex‐dependent manner.

Determination of activity of reflexogenic zones of the body during performance of static exercise of Hatha Yoga (Pashimottanasana)

By measuring the electrical conductivity on different meridians of the human body, you can get data on different meridian energies. The aim of our work was to determine the means of acupuncture diagnostics according to the method of Y. Nakatani the effect of exercise on the body on the example of static exercise, which is performed similar to the exercise Pashimottanasana (leaning forward from a sitting position with Hatha Yoga). We chose this exercise because of its static performance and ease of study. In our work, we suggested that the use of this technique is possible not only for the diagnosis of diseases, but also to determine the impact of exercise on certain organs and systems of the body. Ten students of DSPU named after I. Franko 18-20 years old, who had a perfect technique for performing these exercises. Measurements were taken before the exercise, during and after the exercise after 6 minutes. The results of the research showed significant changes in the indicators of electrical activity in the representative points of the meridians of the human body. The chosen static exercise has a very significant effect on the human body. An increase in electrical activity in the meridians of the human body, which, according to the literature, are responsible for the functions of the respiratory, lymphatic and immune systems, liver, kidneys, bladder, stomach, small and large intestines. In addition, the analysis of the results showed that this asana suppresses the activity of the cardiovascular system and gallbladder. Thus, our chosen method of acupuncture diagnostics allows us to determine the electrical activity of the meridians of the human body during static exercise. It is possible to offer use of this technique of research of influence of static exercises on a human body along with other generally accepted scientific methods.

Модифицирование спортивных подвесных систем для использования в реабилитационном процессе

В работе представлен обзор литературы, посвященной использованию спортивных подвесных систем в реабилитационном процессе. Подвесная терапия, или cлинг-терапия, — это метод физической реабилитации с использованием разнообразных систем подвеса всего тела или конечностей. Эти системы в настоящее время широко используются как в восстановительном лечении, так и в тренировочном процессе. Обсуждается возможное модифицирование спортивных подвесных систем путем использования эластичных подвесов. Применение эластичных подвесов в спортивных вариантах подвесных систем позволяет не только выявить слабое звено в скелетно-мышечной цепи, но и откорректировать его, используя разнообразные динамические упражнения. Так, использование эластичных подвесов дает возможность активизировать более слабые мышечные группы, чередуя выполнение динамических и статических упражнений. При этом врач имеет возможность проследить за тем, чтобы в выполнении движения не участвовали другие, более сильные мышечные группы. Включение в выполнение движения компенсаторных мышц является сигналом к завершению или изменению условий выполнения упражнений. Таким способом возможно сформировать и натренировать правильный двигательный паттерн у пациента, не прилагая больших усилий. Применение эластичных подвесов дает возможность увеличивать или уменьшать нагрузку, не изменяя количество повторений упражнения и, соответственно, не изменяя длительность занятия.

Analysis of the effectiveness of the physical therapy program on the quality indicators of middle-aged women with hypertension

The effectiveness of the developed physical therapy program for middle-aged women with hypertension has been studied. The feature of our program was the dynamic performance of exercises in different body positions, adding a certain amount of static exercises, the use of walking of moderate intensity with a heart rate of up to 40% of maximum, as well as psychotherapy and autogenic training. The data of 24 women with hypertension of the 1st degree, who underwent physical rehabilitation for 4 months, were analyzed. The effectiveness of the presented program was assessed by the indicators of quality of life on the questionnaire MOS SF-36, eight scales of which form two integrated indicators: "physical component of health" and "psychological component of health". A detailed analysis of the Hospital Scale in women with hypertension revealed that 44% of women had no symptoms of anxiety, subclinical manifestations of anxiety were observed in 40%, clinical manifestations - in 16% (p &lt;0.05). Detailed analysis of depression showed its absence in 56% of women, subclinical manifestations - in 8% of respondents, clinical - in 36% (p &lt;0.05). The results of the analysis of quality of life indicators after the application of rehabilitation measures indicate the presence of probable positive changes in middle-aged women with hypertension, on almost all subscales. In particular, the improvement of physical condition in women occurred by 18.00 points (p &lt;0.001), the decrease in pain intensity - by 12.00 points (p &lt;0.001), general health - by 20.00 points (p &lt;0.001); vital activity - by 20.00 points (p &lt;0.001), mental health - by 20.00 points (p &lt;0.001). The obtained data show that our proposed program of physical therapy for middle-aged women with hypertension probably changed the quality of life indicators, which concerned, above all, mental health, vital activity and general health.

EFFECTS OF BALANCE TRAINING EXERCISES FOR IMPROVING STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCE IN DEAF POPULATION: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

BACKGROUND AND AIM Physical therapy exercises can play a vital role in improving static and dynamic balance. Our current research aims to determine balance training exercises’ effects on improving static and dynamic balance in the deaf population. METHODOLOGY A randomized controlled trial (IRCT20200625047922N1) with a sample size of 28 deaf children was conducted. Congenitally deaf children aged 6 to 11 years without cochlear implantation and could walk independently were chosen from Special Education School, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Exclusion criteria were those with mental illness, unilateral hearing, Visual, Cognitive, and Physical impairment. After taking the informed consent from parents and students, the participants were divided into a control and a balance training exercises group. Data was collected through the Berg Balance scale (BBS), including static and dynamic balance tests. Statistical analysis was directed by utilizing SPSS version 20. RESULTS The mean value for Pre-treatment BBS in the experimental group is 32.71±4.58, and in the control group is 34.50±3.93. The P-value of Pre-treatment BBS is 0.28 and in post-treatment is 0.00, which shows statistically significant variance among the treatment and control groups. CONCLUSION Our study has shown that static and dynamic balance training exercises effectively improve the balance of the deaf population. KEYWORDS Deafness, Postural Balance, Hearing Loss, Vestibular Diseases, Persons with Hearing Impairments, Exercise Therapy, Bilateral Vestibulopathy.

Effect of Static Neck Exercises on Neck Pain for School Students Attending Online Classes

Neck Pain is a very common musculoskeletal condition that is becoming a major cause of concern not only inadults but also in the younger population. The aim of the study is to find out if providing static neck exercises hasany effect on reducing neck pains. The study comprised of 40 participants which included both males and femalesof ages 14-19 years having mechanical neck pain. A baseline assessment was carried out using NPRS and NDIscales to select participants for the study. Once participants met the inclusion criteria, they were given static neckexercises for 1 month (three days in a week: 2 sets with 10 repetitions each). Later, post NPRS and NDI readingswere collected and compared with the pre NPRS and NDI readings to find any changes in neck pain. Both painand neck disability had shown statistical changes when pre and post readings of NPRS and NDI were compared.Hence, this study has shown that static neck exercises, are effective means of reducing neck pains.Keywords: mechanical neck pain; static neck exercise; school students; NPRS; NDI.

Short-term Effect of Mulligan SNAGs on Pain Intensity, Cervical Range of Motion and Craniovertebral Angle in Patients with Non Specific Neck Pain: A Quasi-experimental Study

Introduction: The extended use of smartphone, laptops and computers alters the posture of the neck which results in non specific neck pain. Though the physical therapy modalities give symptomatic relief, the forward head posture is left uncorrected. Mulligan Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides (SNAGs) stimulate the mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors around the joints that might correct the faulty posture of neck. Aim: To evaluate the short-term effect of mulligan SNAGs on pain intensity, cervical range of motion and craniovertebral angle in patients with non specific neck pain. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India, from August 2021 to October 2021. Total 20 patients diagnosed having non specific neck pain and Craniovertebral angle (CV) angle less than 45 degrees were included in the study. The participants were randomly allotted into two groups. Group A received interferential therapy and static neck exercises. Whereas, group B received Mulligan SNAGs in addition to interferential therapy and static neck exercises and serves as the experimental group. Mulligan SNAGs was given to each cervical movement as six repetitions× two sets/ session ×three sessions/week. The intervention was given for 2 weeks. preintervention and postintervention evaluation of pain intensity, cervical range of motion and CV angle was made and statistically analysed using Paired t-test for within group analysis and independent t-test for between group analysis at 5% level of significance (p-value &lt;0.05). Results: The mean age the participants in group A was (32.2±6.3 years) and group B was (32.7±6.03). Within group analysis was made and it was observed that group A and B showed significant reduction in Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) score (p-value=0.004, p-value=0.005), improvement in CV angle (p-value=0.001, p-value=0.001) and increased cervical range of flexion (p-value=0.001, p-value=0.001), cervical extension (p-value=0.004, p-value=0.001) and rotation movements (p-value &lt;0.05), respectively. The between group analysis of pre-post mean differences in the NPRS score (3.30±0.67, 4.60±0.96), CV angle (0.46±0.24, 5.62±1.21), cervical movement of flexion (10±2.36, 19±4.59), extension (6.50±2.53, 21±8.23), right lateral rotation (8±2.58, 15±4.08) and left lateral rotation (8.5±2.49, 16±4.24) was made using Independent samples t-test. It was observed that, all the outcomes showed significant difference. The mean difference in the outcome measures were significantly greater in group B who received mulligan SNAGs than group A. Conclusion: Thus, the short-term application of Mulligan SNAGs along with conventional physiotherapy proves good in reducing pain, improving cervical range of motion and normalizing the reduced CV angle in patients with non specific neck pain.

ISOMETRIC HAND GRIP EXERCISE: CAN IT BE AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONVENTIONALAEROBIC EXERCISE TO REDUCE BLOOD PRESSURE?

INTRODUCTION :Isometric hand grip exercise (IHG) is a form of static resistance exercise. Such exercises are characterized by a change in muscle tension while the muscle length remains constant. Aerobic isotonic exercise has plethora of proved benets over blood pressure but needs dedicated time and willingness to perform it. In comparison to Aerobic isotonic exercise, Isometric hand grip exercise is a simple form of exercise which needs little adjustment in daily routine.OBJECTIVE:To determine the immediate effect of graded isometric hand grip exercise on Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Present study was conducted on 82 healthy adults aged between 18 to 25 years including both sexes. Subjects having any form of hypertension, other cardio-vascular co-morbidities and any diseases involving wrist joint and palmar diseases are excluded from this study. Systolic and Diastolic Blood pressure is measured single handedly at resting condition, after 30% Maximum voluntary contractions (MVC), after high load contractions, Post sham, and 1 hour post sham.CONCLUSION:It is revealed that after 30% MVC and post high load ,SBP and DBP is signicantly increased compared to resting condition but after post sham, SBP and DBP is signicantly decreased in both sexes.There is no signicant change found in 1 hour post sham condition.

La expresión corporal y el desarrollo motor de niños de 3 años

Body expression is a way of communication typical of each human being, it is accompanied by gestures, facial expressions, postures which represent feelings, emotions, thoughts and ideas. All these manifestations are permanently reflected and are associated with gross motor development, in which harmony and movement control dominates, achieving adequate motor synchronization and coordination. From this perspective, the study aimed to describe the relationship of body expression in gross motor development of 3-year-old children. Being a qualitative approach research, the information was collected through the application of an observation guide with skills related to body expression and gross motor skills, aimed at 32 3-year-old children. Obtaining as a result the following, that a good percentage of children is beginning their development in the management of basic articulatory movements, and imitation of movements in songs, following rhythms, as well as the identification of emotions and feelings of the people around them; and with regard to gross motor skills such as performing dynamic and static balance exercises with different forms of movement, walking, running and maintaining postural control that involves segmented movements of your body, head, trunk and extremities, as well , in a similar percentage of children are in the beginning of their development. Which leads us to establish that body expression is closely related to the development of gross motor skills and that these help children from an early age to achieve better communication and expression.

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC CORE EXERCISES APPLIED TO 10-12 YEARSS OLD FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS ON SOME PHYSICAL FITNESS CHARACTERISTICS

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to examine the effects of static and dynamic core exercises applied to 10-12 years old female volleyball players on balance, vertical jump, agility and flexibility performances. Method: The mean age of the experimental group (EG) was 11.46±.51 years, the mean body weight was 38.38±12.02 kg, the mean height was 144,06±8.99 cm, the mean age of the control group (CG) was 11.53±.51 years. The average body weight of the thirty female volleyball players participating in the study as volunteers was 38.48±7.99 kg, the average height was 147.93±12.70 cm, and the training age was 3±1.2 years. The athletes participating in the research were randomly divided into two groups as control and experimental groups. Different training programs were applied to these groups. (EG), in addition to regular volleyball training, static and dynamic core training was performed 3 times a week for 30 minutes for 8 weeks. While (CG) only weekly regular volleyball training was applied. Pre-test measurements (balance, vertical jump, agility and flexibility) of both groups were performed before the studies. At the end of 8 weeks, the last test measurements of the groups were taken. To compare the pre and post values of the groups separately (2x2) repeated ANOVA was used. Results: The first and last test measurements of the groups were compared between the groups; According to the analysis of the data, a statistically significant difference was observed in the measurement values of the balance test, vertical jump test, agility test and flexibility test (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: In addition to regular volleyball training, dynamic and static core programs applied within the scope of conditioning studies contributed positively to some measured motor development characteristics of the athletes.

Influence of age and gender on cardiovascular response to isometric exercise in apparently healthy individuals

Objective Static exercises are an integral aspect of patient rehabilitation and are employed in advanced strength and endurance training programmes. Exercise is a form of self-induced stress leading to circulatory and respiratory changes, therefore, this study sought to determine the influence of age and gender on the cardiovascular responses of apparently healthy individuals to isometric/static exercises. Methodology Sixty apparently healthy individuals (30 males and 30 females) participated in this study. Their ages ranged between 21–50 years and were grouped into 21–30 years, 31–40 years and 41–50 years. Each participant carried out and maintained 30% of maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) using hand grip for 1, 2 and 3 minutes respectively, with 30-minutes rest period. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured and recorded, at rest, and during each of the sustained contractions. Results There was a statistically significant increase (p &lt;0.05) in the mean SBP, DBP and HR at rest and with every increase in duration (that is, from 1 minute to 3 minutes) of static handgrip contraction, maintained at 30% MIVC in the 3 groups; except for HR for group one (that is, 21–30 years). There was no gender difference (p &gt;0.05) in SBP and DBP of the participants within the 3 groups, although male participants, particularly in group 2 had higher SBP. There was also a statistically significant increase in the HR of female participants compared to the males in group 2. Isometric contraction for 3 minutes produced the greatest change (increase) in cardiovascular parameter across all the groups but more marked among participants in group 2 (that is, 31–40 years). Conclusion The study concluded that submaximal (30% MIVC) isometric upper limb exercise increase blood pressure and heart rate in both sexes, with greatest values when the exercise was sustained for 3 minutes. Hence, efforts should be made to monitor cardiovascular parameters prior to prescribing safe level of isometric exercise. Also, 3 minutes of static/isometric exercises may be avoided, particularly during the rehabilitation of patient with cardiovascular disease.

The Effects of the Diaphragm Breathing Exercise on Vital Capacity and Maximal Voluntary Ventilation in the 20s People of Mild Intellectual Disabilities

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of diaphragm respiration exercise on vital capacity and maximum voluntary ventilation in subjects with mild intellectual disabilities in their 20s. 10 people in the experimental group and 10 people in the control group participated in the experiment. The experimental group performed diaphragmatic breathing exercises for 4 weeks, 5 days a week, and 30 minutes a day, and the control group performed stationary bicycle exercise for 4 weeks, 5 days a week, and 30 minutes a day. The subjects measured voluntary capacity and maximal voluntary ventilation using Fitmate (COSMED Sri, Italy) before and after the experiment. Data analysis was performed with SPSS win 18.0. Subjects were assessed with vital capacity and maximal voluntary ventilation before and after the test and the results were compared with the paired t-test. After the experiment, the vital capacity and maximum voluntary ventilation were significantly improved in the experimental group than before the experiment. Through this study, it can be suggested as a new breathing exercise for subjects with intellectual disabilities in their 20s.