Static Element Research Articles

Optimization Design Research on Descaling Bit of Water Pipeline Wall

Water pipeline scaling serious by prolonged use, result in a substantial diameter narrowed, reduced water efficiency. Mechanical cleaning is a kind of economic and security cleaning method, current drilling scaling equipment cannot clean effectively. In order to solve this problem, analyzes the dill descaling method. Choose multi-tooth bit as a foundation. Established finite element model for static analysis, gets three direction force diagram. Optimal design drill structure, created a new type of scaling drill. Compared two kinds force analysis results, by improving the structure, distributed stress on multiple cutting tooth, improved cutting conditions, enhanced the drill descale and feed ability, and improved the working life of the unit. Carried out static and dynamic finite element analysis, provide a theoretical basis for follow-up design.

The Purposive Interpretation of Polish Tax Law

Abstract The results of the linguistic interpretation should be verified through systemic and purposive methods of interpretation. That process is especially desirable in the cases where the result of the linguistic interpretation is not unequivocal. Whereas, as practice demonstrates, the quality of tax law is not the best, it is impossible to overestimate the role of the non-linguistic method of interpretation. The object of this paper was to present the role which the linguistic interpretation may play in interpreting the tax law. However it was also important to: place the purposive interpretation among the methods of tax law interpretation and to present static and dynamic elements in tax law interpretation. Within the frames of this paper one can find out about historical interpretation of tax law, economic method of tax law interpretation and purposive interpretation directives. The above considerations allow for posit a thesis according to which purposive interpretation is an indispensable element of the process of interpreting a legal text. Its role in the scope of norms of tax law is, however, peculiar, since it serves only to verify the results of linguistic interpretation. However, it can be indicated that the growth in importance of purposive interpretation is direct proportional to the fall in the quality of tax law regulations.

The Finite Analysis and Optimization of Gantry Beam on Automatic Welder

Combined with the actual production, the new structure of gantry automatic welder was designed, the gantry beam is the key part of the gantry automatic welder, and the static finite element strength of gantry beam was analyzed on the most dangerous stress position. The maximum stress and the maximum displacement were obtained. Without changing the geometric size of the gantry, the structure of the gantry internal was adjusted to increase its stiffness and strength. Through the finite analysis comparison of the two different stiffeners, better style and distribution form of the stiffener were obtained; the structure of the gantry was optimized. The result shows that the quality of the gantry was reduced by 57%, and the stiffness and strength were improved by 20% and 36%, this provides theory basis for the design and production of gantry welder.

MODELING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN RIVER MORPHODYNAMICS AND RIPARIAN VEGETATION

The study of river‐riparian vegetation interactions is an important and intriguing research field in geophysics. Vegetation is an active element of the ecological dynamics of a floodplain which interacts with the fluvial processes and affects the flow field, sediment transport, and the morphology of the river. In turn, the river provides water, sediments, nutrients, and seeds to the nearby riparian vegetation, depending on the hydrological, hydraulic, and geomorphological characteristic of the stream. In the past, the study of this complex theme was approached in two different ways. On the one hand, the subject was faced from a mainly qualitative point of view by ecologists and biogeographers. Riparian vegetation dynamics and its spatial patterns have been described and demonstrated in detail, and the key role of several fluvial processes has been shown, but no mathematical models have been proposed. On the other hand, the quantitative approach to fluvial processes, which is typical of engineers, has led to the development of several morphodynamic models. However, the biological aspect has usually been neglected, and vegetation has only been considered as a static element. In recent years, different scientific communities (ranging from ecologists to biogeographers and from geomorphologists to hydrologists and fluvial engineers) have begun to collaborate and have proposed both semiquantitative and quantitative models of river‐vegetation interconnections. These models demonstrate the importance of linking fluvial morphodynamics and riparian vegetation dynamics to understand the key processes that regulate a riparian environment in order to foresee the impact of anthropogenic actions and to carefully manage and rehabilitate riparian areas. In the first part of this work, we review the main interactions between rivers and riparian vegetation, and their possible modeling. In the second part, we discuss the semiquantitative and quantitative models which have been proposed to date, considering both multi‐ and single‐thread rivers.

Torture and deprivation of freedom: the Spanish case

In 2004 Theo van Boven, as Special Rapporteur of the United Nations, alerted the world community that torture and ill-treatment were more than sporadic practices within Spain. Numerous studies carried out by human rights organizations and international institutions endorse this affirmation. This paper attempts to analyse the elements that facilitate cases of torture and ill-treatment while proposing ideas about how to orient political action to eradicate these practices. Situated in the discipline of public policy this paper will try to understand the deprivation of freedom focusing the analysis on the most extreme practices of the State violation of human rights that are produced in these areas. This article first addresses a quantitative description of the presence of torture in Spain. The second section details the historical and political specificities of the Spanish case that are useful in order to understand the question and at the same time in order to establish points of reference for the design of public policy. In the third section the elements that make possible the existence of cases of torture in Spain are analysed, elaborating a typology of static and dynamic elements. The fourth section explains the relationship between democratic culture and torture.

Finite Element Analysis of Grinder Plate with Bone-Removal Facilities

The grinder perforated plate with bone-removal systems has a unique design to improve the quality of ground meat. The pressure distribution on the grinder knife/plate interface during grinding of meat was investigated. The peripheral pressure on meat grinder plates during operation was greater than at the center thus hard particles are collected at the low pressure point. The mechanical models on the perforated plate surface created in MATLAB 7.0 for linear programming, and the 3D model of the perforated plate created in Pro/E software were imported into ANSYS 9.0 software and a linear static finite element analysis was performed. The visual deflection patterns the part experiences under "real world" loading conditions were obtained so as to complete the security check of strength.

A mechanistic model for pressure drops in corrugated plates static mixers

In this work original experimental data and a simplified model for the prediction of pressure drops in pipelines equipped with static mixers are presented. The experimental data clarify the effect of the element length and of the relative position between two consecutive elements on the pressure drop. A significant reduction of the pressure drop is obtained by shortening the element length, while the relative position between consecutive elements has a minor importance. The experimental data are discussed and adopted for testing the proposed model reliability under various physical and geometrical conditions. The results show that the model, which is also compared with the available literature correlations, can be confidently applied to standard static mixers as well as to unconventional static elements arrangement, since it reliably accounts for the pressure drop variations due to changes in the geometrical configuration. The analysis is focused on static mixers for turbulent flow in pipelines, in particular the corrugated plate mixers.

The development of individuation in autism.

Evidence suggests that people with autism rely less on holistic visual information than typical adults. The current studies examine this by investigating core visual processes that contribute to holistic processing--namely, individuation and element grouping--and how they develop in participants with autism and typically developing (TD) participants matched for age, IQ, and gender. Individuation refers to the ability to "see" approximately four elements simultaneously; grouping elements can modify how many elements can be individuated. We examined these processes using two well-established paradigms, rapid enumeration and multiple object tracking (MOT). In both tasks, a performance limit of four elements in typical adults is thought to reflect individuation capacity. Participants with autism displayed a smaller individuation capacity than TD controls, regardless of whether they were enumerating static elements or tracking moving ones. To manipulate the holistic information available via element grouping, elements were arranged into a design in rapid enumeration, or moved together in MOT. Performance in participants with autism was affected to a similar degree as TD participants by element grouping, whether the manipulation helped or hurt performance, consistent with evidence that some types of gestalt/grouping information are processed typically in autism. There was substantial development from childhood to adolescence in the speed of individuation in those with autism, but not from adolescence to adulthood, a pattern distinct from TD participants. These results reveal how core visual processes function in autism, and provide insight into the architecture of vision (i.e., individuation appears distinct from visual strengths in autism, such as visual search).

Predictive Value of Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling Indices after LVAD Implantation

Purpose Secondary pulmonary hypertension with pulmonary vascular (PV) remodeling is deemed to predict poor outcomes after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implant, but supporting evidence is lacking. This study examines the predictive role of preoperative hemodynamic indices reflecting PV remodeling on right ventricular failure (RVF) and early mortality. Methods and Materials A single-center review of 208 patients receiving LVADs between June 2005 and June 2012 was conducted. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), transpulmonary gradient (TPG), PV resistance (PVR), PA compliance (PAC; stroke volume divided by PA pulse pressure), right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI), LV transmural filling pressure (LVTFP; pulmonary capillary wedge minus right atrial pressure), and PV impedance score (PVIS; ratio of PVR/PAC) were obtained from preoperative catheterization reports. Patients were grouped by operative mortality (death within index hospital stay or 30 days of surgery) and RVF requiring an RVAD. Results Operative mortality and RVF were seen in 41 (19.6%) and 21 (10.1%) patients respectively. Figure 1 shows the groups’ hemodynamic indices. PASP, TPG, and RVSWI were similar in patients with early mortality or RVF and their respective controls. Lower PVR, PVIS, LVTFP, and a higher PAC were associated with early mortality. RVF patients had lower PVIS than controls. Conclusions While the mechanism requires further study, low PVR, high PAC, and low PVIS predicted early mortality instead of better outcome after LVAD implantation. RVF was predicted only by low PVIS, a novel index combining static and dynamic elements of RV afterload. Narrowing of LVTFP may reflect poor RV-PA coupling. These data solicit new perspectives on preoperative hemodynamic indices.

Study on Local Strain Field Intensity Approach for Prediction Fatigue Life of Crankshaft Based on Mechanical Mechanics

The bending fatigue limit moment and crack initiation life of 4105 crankishaft in five groups of bending moments are obtained by resonant bending fatigue tests first. Then, the static finite element calculation using sub-model is performed to get the strain distributions in every test load. The results show that in the region where stress concentrate, the strain field could be seen as plane strain state. So two dimensional strain field intensity model is selected. In order to remove the influences of size and surface conditions, the radius of strain field is determined with the strain distribution under the low-life test load. After that, the local strain field intensities under each test load are calculated with the radius of strain field. Finally, the strain-life curve of material is modified by the fatigue intensity limit of crankshaft, and the predicted life agree with the test results.

Static Fourier-transform hyperspectral imaging full polarimetry

Spectral imaging and polarimetric imaging are both advanced optical detection techniques. Owing to their wide potential in military and civil communities, these techniques have rapidly developed within the past two decades and become well-recognized tools in remote sensing. In recent years, these two techniques presented a new trend toward merging into the imaging spectropolarimetry, and make the optical remote sensing tend to multi-dimensional and multi-information fusion. However, in conventional imaging spectropolarimeters, rotating polarization elements, electrically controllable components, and microretarder or micropolarizer arrays are typically required. These apparatuses generally suffer from vibration, electrical noise, heat generation, and alignment difficulty. Consequently, the incorporation of mechanical components typically increases the complexity and reduces the reliability of the measurement system. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose a novel method of real-time measuring the spectrum, polarization and imaging of scenes with static birefringent crystal elements in 2010. In this paper, the concept and theory of a sensor based on the method are given. With specially aligned static birefringent retarders, different phase factors are modulated into the Stokes vector of incidence light. After passing through a static birefringent interferometer, the spectrally dependent Stokes parameters are distributed into several separated interferogram channels. With corresponding Fourier-transform demodulation, the wavelength-dependent polarization, spectral and 1-D spatial imaging of objects can be completely obtained with a single snapshot. The simulated and experimental demonstration of the sensor are also presented. This research gives a new way for spectropolarimetric imaging measurement, and provides theoretical and practical support for the development of new space remote sensors.

Stress-Deformation Numerical Analysis of Clay Core Rockfill Dam Based on Duncan-Chang E-B Model

Used static finite element method to analyse the clay core rockfill dam of laojunshan reservoir whith Duncan-Chang E-B model. The results shows that the maximum of stress level is 0.78 under completion mode, and the maximum of stress level is 0.9 under normal operating condition. The stress and displacement value of the dam as well as its distribution rule is normal, and the maximum of stress level is less than 1. The possibility of occurring hydraulic split for core-wall is very small, and the dam is in a safe state.

Finite Element Analysis of the Base of the Auxiliary Supporting Equipment of the Self-Propelled Road Header Based on ANSYS

Through the static analysis of the base of the auxiliary supporting equipment of the self-propelled road header, by ANSYS software base are static finite element simulation calculation. The finite element simulation method in the research that the move of roadheader auxiliary support base on the reliability of the static equipment is Reliability and accuracy. For accurate analysis self-advance of roadheader auxiliary support equipment of static base provides an efficient way

The Wave-Corpuscle Duality of Matter and the Nature of the Universe

Ancient and medieval scholars perceived matter as something strictly static, whereas their modern counterparts see it as the complementary combination of two elements: static, represented bythe corpuscle, and dynamic, represented by the wave. Consequently, the metaphysical definition of matter undergoes a significant change: it contains not only a static element, which corresponds approximately to the traditional metaphysical notion of matter, but also a dynamic one, comprising what traditionally meant movement as secondary act. This change has a dramatic influence on thephilosophical idea of Physics or the Nature of the Universe. Firstly, there should be the static-dynamic duality in the form of inanimate matter, corresponding to the duality of matter-movement. Secondly, the essence of inanimate matter has likewise to be dual. Thirdly, the assumption there should be a dynamic dimension inherent to the essence of inanimate matter makes it possible to imply that thebiological life consists in the organization of that matter according tothe genetic information playing the role of the vegetative soul. Analogically, the same applies to the biological life in animals and in the material constituent of man. Consequently, the spiritual component of man should reveal similar duality and the essence of man should consist of two specific elements provisionally called “ities”: static, understood as active potency, and dynamic, understood as subjective act. Further, the essence of the pure form has likewise to be dual. Finally, there should be three Personalities – Static, Dynamic and Subsistent – united in one Essence-Nature of the Prime Being.

Finite element analysis of magnetostrictive vibration energy harvester

PurposeThe paper aims to analyze the behavior of the Galfenol rods under bending conditions that are employed in a vibration energy harvester by illustrating the spatial variations in stress and magnetic field.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes a 3‐D static finite element model of magnetostrictive materials, considering magnetic and elastic boundary value problems that are bidirectionally coupled through stress and field dependent variables. The finite element method is applied to a small vibration‐driven generator of magnetostrictive type employing Iron‐Gallium alloy (Galfenol).FindingsThe 3‐D static finite element modeling presented here highlights the spatial variations in magnetic field and relative permeability due to the corresponding stress distribution in the Galfenol rods subjected to transverse load. The numerical calculations show that about 1.1 T change in magnetic flux density is achieved which demonstrates the effectiveness of the inspected vibration‐driven generator in voltage generation and energy harvesting. The model predictions agree with the experimental results and are coherent with the magnetostriction phenomenon.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils the behavior analysis of Galfenol rods under transverse load that includes both compression and tension. The compressive and tensile stresses contributions to change in magnetic flux densities in the Galfenol rods were calculated by which the effectiveness of the inspected vibration‐driven generator in voltage generation and energy harvesting is demonstrated.

A Measure to Imitate the Boundary Condition of Local Structure in Modal Analysis

The static element in static deformation analysis was used to simulate the boundary condition of local structure when studying the modality of local structure. Using this method, the vibration modality of a beam system and the main engine lubricating oil tank were researched. The results show that the usage of static element in dynamic analysis can solve the vibration modality of local structure accurately, the difference ratio of first order frequency is less than 1/10000 in the beam model analysis, and the modal analysis of main engine lubrication oil tank has a good performance, which is a helpful base for the coupling vibration research in ship structure.

Modelling the role of highly unsaturated fatty acids in planktonic food web processes: Sensitivity analysis and examination of contemporary hypotheses

Aquatic food web models typically treat the constituent trophic levels as static elements interacting with one another and the environment. Dynamic biological stoichiometry has relaxed this assumption and considers evolutionary responses in said elements. The incorporation of organismal response in food web models holds promise for a more realistic portrayal of ecosystem dynamics. Recent advances in aquatic ecology pinpoint the importance of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) on food web interactions and ecosystem resilience. In this study, we utilized a HUFA explicit submodel in conjunction with a limiting nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton–detritus (NPZD) mathematical system to incorporate elements of the physiology of individual animals into the context of plankton dynamics. Our HUFA-augmented plankton model provided a realistic platform to examine functional properties and physiological strategies that modulate resource procurement in different trophic environments and to effectively link variability at the organismal level with ecosystem-scale patterns. First, we were able to illustrate the implications of the filling-cup hypothesis, in which species’ fitness stems from dynamic HUFA turnover rates in response to bottom-up stresses. We then examined an evolutionary hypothesis of consumer fitness dependence on HUFA quota management strategies, whereby adaptive individuals with low HUFA minimum and optimum requirements gain competitive advantage. Several studies have reported higher HUFA concentrations in consumers than producers, and our results suggest that this pattern could be driven by a combination of conservative turnover and elevated bioconversion rates. Oligotrophic settings showed strong reliance upon exogenous phosphorus subsidies and frequently yielded inverted food web biomass distributions. With the prevalence of eutrophic conditions, consumer growth is primarily controlled by HUFA availability, and the associated biochemical limitation can ultimately result in patterns of algal accumulation. Finally, our study discusses directions to improve the representation of the producer–grazer interactions and thus advance our understanding of the factors that determine the flow of nutrients and energy to the higher trophic levels.

Buffeting mitigation using carbon nanotube composites: a feasibility study

The article describes a feasibility study to assess the use of nanotubes-based composites to mitigate tail buffeting. The buffeting of a representative business jet rudder is considered as case study. The baseline rudder configuration consists in a sandwich structure with honeycomb core and carbon/epoxy IM7/8552 skins. The damping characteristics of the baseline rudder configuration are compared to those achieved employing constrained layer Al/3M467 skin patches, and those obtained by dispersing multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the baseline carbon/epoxy material. The loads applied to the rudder during flight are obtained by airworthiness standards. Static and dynamic finite element analyses of the rudder under flight loads are carried out to evaluate the structural response at two different temperatures, −40 ℃ and +30 ℃. IM7/8552/MWNT with 1.5 wt% nanofiller is shown to have the best overall performance for the case study considered here, with the potential of outperforming conventional constrained layer patches for buffeting mitigation.

Finite Element Analysis of Press Casing of Screw Press

The pressing chamber is the heart of the screw press, it forms the drainage barrel and has to contain the operating forces of the press. As press casing is an integral part of pressing chamber, the strength of the press casing ensures normal operation of the press. The mechanical models of pressing chamber of the ZX10 type press created in MATLAB 7.0 for linear programming, and the 3D model of the press casing created in UG NX4.0 software were imported into ANSYS 9.0 software and a linear static finite element analysis was performed. The visual deflection patterns the part experiences under "real world" loading conditions were obtained so as to complete the security check of strength.

Simulation of the vertical bending fatigue test of a five-link rear axle housing

This study seeks a practical method for simulating the vertical bending fatigue test of the BANJO housing of a five-link rear axle. Linear static and transient dynamic finite element models are constructed for the rear axle in which the rubber bushings and the bearings of the axle shafts are reasonably modeled with solid and shell elements, respectively, for simplicity. The calculated results are compared with the measured strain histories, and the results indicate that the finite element models constructed are reasonable. The hypothesis of equal fatigue damage is applied to determine the Hainan proving ground driving life prediction that is equivalent to the constant amplitude fatigue life in the vertical bending fatigue test.