State Of Guanajuato Research Articles

Sound transmission using a tuning fork for the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns.

This study aims to estimate the validity and reliability of sound transmission tests using a tuning fork and stethoscope compared with the usual clinical procedures for the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns from the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. This is a cross-sectional study of newborns at the Guanajuato General Hospital of the Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato. The population under study comprised newborns born from April to May 2023. All parents of newborns were invited to participate. The Ortolani, Barlow, Peter-Baden, and sound transmission tests were performed with a tuning fork and stethoscope three times by two observers. Ultrasonography using the Graf technique was also applied to both hips. We evaluated the validity and repeatability of clinical procedures and sound transmission tests against ultrasonography as the gold standard. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for validity and Cohen's kappa for repeatability. The sample consisted of 100 newborns (56% male and 44% female); 65% born by vaginal delivery. Sound transmission test results for sensitivity, specificity, the positive predictive value, and the negative predictive value were 87.88%, 95.81%, 80%, and 97.53%, respectively. The intra-observer kappa was 0.89 (95% CI = 0.80-0.97) and the inter-observer kappa was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.73-0.97). The validity and repeatability of the Ortolani, Barlow, and Peter-Baden tests were low compared with the sound transmission test. The sound transmission test using a tuning fork and stethoscope is helpful for the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip.

A new species of the genus Humboldtiana (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Xanthonychidae) from Sierra de Penjamo, Guanajuato, Mexico.

Mexican terrestrial malacofauna is highly diverse, but poorly studied. The genus Humboldtiana includes near to 60 species, most with insular distributions on single mountains from South Texas (USA) to entral Mexico. Humboldtianadugesi sp. nov. is described from the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. This new species represents the first one described for the state and is diagnosed by the following combination of characters that allow distinguishing for other species included in the genus, a protoconch with growth lines and granulated microsculpture, a globose penis that bears a stout verge that covers half of the penis cavity and a long flagellum that is four times longer than the combined length of the penis and epiphallus.

Genotype by Environment Interaction of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrid Yield in Guanajuato, Mexico

Objective: To evaluate phenological and yield parameters in experimental maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids across different environments.Design/Methodology/Approach: The trials were conducted under gravity irrigation conditions with 21 experimental maize crosses and four commercial hybrids. The experiment was established in three communities in Guanajuato, Mexico, during the spring-summer agricultural cycle. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used in each environment. Genotype by environment interaction analysis was performed using the AMMI model.Results: Genotypes 23, 21, and 16 achieved the highest yield, followed by genotypes 22, 6, 17, and 5, while genotypes 8 and 13 showed the lowest yield. Limitations of the Study/Implications: The promotion of these hybrids in environments within the state of Guanajuato is desirable.Findings/Conclusions: The genotypes exhibited high genetic divergence in the expression of yield parameters and their components. The outstanding hybrids were 23, 21, and 16, showing higher yields across all locations and demonstrating better adaptation to the three evaluation environments.

FREQUENCY AND PATHOGENICITY OF Fusarium SPECIES IN WHEAT SPIKE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a commercially important cereal in Mexico; however, there have been reports of head blight in Guanajuato, Mexico, which have been attributed to Fusarium species. This study hypothesized that wheat head blight is caused by several species of Fusarium. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the frequency and pathogenicity of Fusarium species in wheat spike in the state of Guanajuato. For this purpose, plots sown with wheat in the 20 wheat-producing municipalities were sampled. The strains were isolated until pure cultures were obtained, and they were morphologically and molecularly characterized; the sequences obtained were registered in GenBank. The pathogenicity and severity of the disease were assessed on flowering wheat plants of the Cortázar S94 variety at the flowering stage. The results were evaluated 10 days after inoculation and the data were analyzed using ANOVA statistical analysis. Ten Fusarium species were found, with F. oxysporum (35.57 %), F. verticillioides (12.5 %), and F. proliferatum (11.53 %) being the most common. All Fusarium strains were pathogenic, with F. oxysporum being the most severe, followed by F. proliferatum. In conclusion, it was possible to identify the causal species of wheat head blight in the state of Guanajuato.

Active shooter in emergency departments in Guanajuato State, Mexico

Mass violence events, especially in healthcare settings, have devastating consequences and long-lasting effects on the victims and the community. The rate of violent events in Mexico, especially in hospital settings,...

Adaptación y validación de un instrumento de medición del riesgo de violencia feminicida para el estado de Guanajuato, México

Antecedentes: en Guanajuato se requiere de la adopción de un instrumento confiable para medir el riesgo de violencia feminicida. Esto permitirá a las instituciones tomar decisiones para acompañar o prevenir la violencia contra mujeres y adolescentes. El objetivo fue adaptar y validar la Cédula de riesgo de violencia feminicida para el estado de Guanajuato. Método: el estudio se realizó en una muestra de 239 participantes con indicios de violencia de los municipios del estado. Se evaluó la validez de constructo a través de un análisis factorial de componentes principales y rotación varimax. La confiabilidad se obtuvo con el cálculo del coeficiente KR20. Resultados: se obtuvo una agrupación de 18 ítems en cuatro factores asociados al perfil de la persona agresora y contexto de violencia. Se obtuvo un coeficiente KR20 de .823. Conclusión: El uso del instrumento homologado de valoración de riesgo de violencia feminicida es adecuado para su uso en Guanajuato y sus municipios.

Geoelectrical characterization of non-filled active faults in Jaral de Berrios, Guanajuato, México

Electromagnetic and electrical methods have a great number of applications and have become a commonly used tool for the study of active geological faults, where they are usually detected as low resistivity anomalies. However, this is not always the case. We used both Electromagnetic Profiling (EMP) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) methods with the aim of mapping active geological faults which affect agricultural plots and a former quarry near the town of Jaral de Berrios, State of Guanajuato. The apparent resistivity map derived from EMP survey shows how NW-SE on site measured faults (which reach at least 400 m in length and 0.4 m in width) match with high apparent resistivity anomalies. Two ERT profiles reveal the subsurface continuity of the main fault zones, as well as the main high apparent resistivity lineaments, for at least 40 m below the surface. The resistive lineaments in the apparent resistivity map showed a coincidence with the faults modeled in the geoelectric section of the ERT1 profile; this result gives reliability to the methodology used in the study site. All of this means that faulting presently evident on the surface continues at depth and has a wider extension than previously thought, and that since the fractures are non-filled with minerals and/or moisture the preponderance of high resistivity anomalies make sense. The results of this work provide the basis for future studies that help in determining the type of faulting affecting our study area, so long term urban planning and development in the area may be possible.

Factors affecting the profitability of wheat production in the states of Guanajuato and Nuevo Leon, Mexico

The objective of this research was the analysis of the main factors involved in the profitability of bread wheat in the states of Guanajuato and Nuevo León, Mexico. To obtain the information, semi-structured interviews were applied to key informants who indicated the context of the crop in their region. In order to estimate profitability, production performance and costs production were determined. The production cost information, for the two Mexican states, was obtained through the producer panels methodology in 2019. Producers were asked about the costs expended in land preparation, cultivation inputs, harvest and others such as water, electricity and financial rights. In addition, wheat yields and the price received per ton sold at the market. It was noticed that Nuevo León and Guanajuato have an agro-industrial infrastructure that demands Mexican wheat. In each state, the profitability of the crop depends on a number of factors such as the planting system and the production technology used; but in all the places studied, bread wheat had positive profitability. However, there are high production costs and a continuous deterioration of the real prices of the product. It is necessary to develop soft wheat varieties that adapt to rainfall conditions for agricultural regions where wheat cultivation is under those conditions. Although Mexico is self-sufficient in the production of flour, each year it is necessary to import an additional volume of bread-making wheat since Mexican industry is deficient facing the high demand for bread production.

Co-infection by Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Goats Reared in Extensive System of Mexico.

Background: The aim of the present study was to describe the presence of co-infection by Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in goats reared in extensive systems from Mexico. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the frequency of T. gondii and N. caninum, by detecting antibodies to each parasite by mean commercial ELISA kits. A total of 176 blood samples were randomly collected from mature females reared in extensive system herds from 20 municipalities of state of Guanajuato, Mexico. Results: The general seroprevalence was 23.9 and 21.0% for T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively, while co-infection rate was 3.6%. For geographic and environmental variables, no differences were observed among T. gondii and coinfection; however, it was observed that altitude, annual precipitation, annual average temperature, and rainy period showed significant differences with N. caninum seropositive goats. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of both parasites was appreciated in most of the studied herds. The present study is the first report of T. gondii and N. caninum co-infection in goats from extensive herds in Mexico.

Corn Cropping Systems in Agricultural Soils from the Bajio Region of Guanajuato: Soil Quality Indexes (SQIs)

Agriculture is a sector of great importance for Mexico’s economy, generating employment and contributing significantly to the country’s gross domestic product. The Bajio stands out as one of the most productive agricultural regions in Mexico. However, intensive agricultural practices in this area have caused a progressive deterioration and loss of soil fertility. This study focused on evaluating the quality of soils used for agriculture in the Bajio region of the State of Guanajuato, Mexico. This evaluation, utilised soil quality indexes (SQIs) based on a total of 27 physicochemical, biological and enzymatic indicators. These indicators were selected by means of a principal component analysis (PCA), which allowed for the identification of a minimum set of data. The SQIs developed in this study categorised soils into different quality levels, ranging from low to high, mainly based on the values observed in the biological indicators (SMR and qCO2), which comprised the established SQIs. The inclusion of these biological indicators provides the developed SQIs with greater sensitivity to detect minor disturbances in agricultural soils due to human activity, compared with SQIs consisting only of physicochemical indicators. The developed SQIs can be used to ensure high-quality food production in soils used for corn cultivation under similar conditions, both nationally and internationally.

Efecto de la contaminación atmosférica en los polinizadores del corredor industrial Guanajuato

In recent years, due to industrial activity, there has been an increase in pollutants, particularly ozone O3. The industrial corridor of the state of Guanajuato is not the exception, especially due to the various industries established in this corridor that covers the municipalities of Celaya, Salamanca, Irapuato, Silao and Leon. In the same way, this area is characterized by its agricultural activity with important crops, among which are those that need insects and animals for their pollination. The pollutants have shown negative effects on the emission of volatile organic compounds emitted by the flowers and, which fulfil pollinator attraction functions. In this review, we analyse the main pollutants and their negative effects on the pollination service performed by pollinators. This information points to the urgent need to consider air pollution as a negative factor in pollinator-mediated pollination service.

Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) seedlings formation under different intensities of violet, blue and red LED light

Introduction. Seedlings formation under controlled conditions is essential for growing species of importance as strawberry. Since the artificial LED lighting technologic has allowed greater control of light, the variation of components such as the wavelength and intensity can be manipulated to form seedlings with different characteristics. However, it is necessary to generate original scientific information for the development of precise and efficient practices on light control. Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the strawberry seedlings formation under different intensities of violet, blue and red LED light. Material and methods. The study was performed in 2020 at the Plant Genetics Laboratory of the Agronomy Department of the Universidad de Guanajuato, in the municipality of Irapuato, in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. Seeds were recovered from San Andreas cultivar fruits and seedlings were formed under violet, blue and red LED light at high, medium, and low intensities. Color determination of cotiledon area, chroma saturation index and Hue angle were performed. Physiotechnical variables, chemical and antioxidant activity were measured. Results. The most suitable treatments were violet light of high and medium intensities; as well as blue light of high intensity, due to the germination percentage exceeded at least 60 %. Seedlings did not lengthen or thin, presented the largest cotyledons areas and the highest chlorophyll concentrations. In addition, these light treatments consumed 31.2 % less electrical energy on average. Conclusions. Besides the white light, the most suitable treatments for strawberry seedlings formation were violet light at high and medium intensities, as well as blue light at high intensity. It is suggested that the violet and blue light treatments be evaluated in other cultivars to confirm the beneficial effect on the strawberry seedlings. Red light limited germination and the highest antioxidant activity was observed in this treatment.

Characteristics Associated with Genetic Progress in Grain Yield in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Increasing the yield potential of cultivars can contribute to solving the problems of climate change and the increase in world population. The objectives of this study were to study the variation of 60 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes and to estimate the genetic progress in agronomic characters of varieties released in Mexico in the period from 1966 to 2015. The hypothesis was that the increases in yield of the genotypes are the result of the increase in the number of grains per surface unit and biomass. The study was established in six experimental stations of the National Institute of Agricultural Forestry and Livestock Research in the states of Guanajuato, Sonora, Chihuahua, Jalisco, Sinaloa, and Baja California, Mexico. Phenology, yield, and its components were measured. The treatment design was alpha lattice with two replications. The location and genotype that showed the highest yield (P ≤ 0.01) were Baja California and COLIBRI/MONARCA, with 7309 and 5966 kg·ha−1. The average genetic gain in yield was 23.8 kg·ha−1·year−1. The grain weight increase rate was 0.21 g per year. During the period, there was no genetic progress in plant height, heading days, harvest index, grains per square meter, and ears per square meter. The increases in yield of the recent lines are due to increases in ears per square meter, grains per square meter, and biomass.

POST-PANDEMIC INNOVATION PRACTICES IN MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM-SIZED FIRMS IN THE STATE OF GUANAJUATO

The pandemic caused by the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has compelled many companies to prioritize innovation strategies in order to survive. Consequently, this cross-sectional empirical study employed a quantitative approach to assess the level of innovation achieved through frugal innovation practices by micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the post-pandemic era in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. A survey-type questionnaire was randomly administered to a sample of 58 companies. Stepwise discriminant analysis, utilizing Wilks' Lambda method, was applied to analyze the data. The results demonstrate that, during the crisis, the most influential variables in explaining the level of innovation are the significant reduction in the price of products or services and their durability, both regarded as frugal innovation practices. Consequently, decision-makers should establish frugal ecosystems that enable cost reduction while emphasizing the functionality and performance of their products or services.

Analysis of PET post-consumer through Thermal treatments

This research work analyzes the process of determining post-consumer contaminant material for plastics and identification of acceptable material to be reused. Burn tests were carried out on recycled material (different plastic wastes) in order to recognize, by means of color change, the type of raw material that is contaminating and thus avoid its entry into the recycling process. The burning was carried out in a thermoreactor at a temperature of 230°C for 30 minutes, with methods and equipment used in a well-known company in the region. In this study, waste from some well-known brands used in homes in the state of Guanajuato was used, considering that the separation was supported by TOMRA equipment and manual classification by the company's personnel. For the burn tests, plastic trimmings were used, elaborated in a handmade way, therefore, the work of a mechanical shredder will not be taken into account.

ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT AND FAMILY SOCIAL CAPITAL AS DETERMINANTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION

ABSTRACT The knowledge, skills, competencies and skills required for entrepreneurship are tools that can be provided through entrepreneurial education. In this research, entrepreneurial intention in university students has been little explored, even though it is viewed as an important potential in business activity. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze whether entrepreneurial education, the university environment and family social capital are determinants of entrepreneurial intention. A study was carried out with a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional design, using the multivariate analysis of linear regression and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of one factor. A random survey was applied to 384 university students from the southwest of the state of Guanajuato, through google forms. Only 318 surveys were validated, of which 49.4% are of a Higher Technical University level, 33.6% of a bachelor's degree and 17% of engineering. The findings show that entrepreneurial education helps in the development of the initiative in (4.28), the university environment identifies business opportunities (4.19) and the family union promotes entrepreneurship (4.59). In this same sense, six out of 10 students intend to start their own company when they finish their studies. Therefore, a higher positive correlation is observed between the university environment and entrepreneurial education (0.673). The results allow us to affirm that, in the case of men, the university environment has a greater significant influence on their intention to undertake, and for women, entrepreneurial education has a significant impact on their intention to undertake. Finally, family social capital is more favored in the case of men than women. The study has important implications for higher education institutions in terms of analysis, design, and management of entrepreneurial intent. Keywords: entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial education, university environment, family social capital.

Nuevos registros estatales de la cucaracha mimética de luciérnaga Achroblatta luteola (Blanchard, 1843) (Blattodea: Blaberidae: Panchlorinae) en México

The firefly-mimicking cockroach Achroblatta luteola (Blanchard, 1843) (Blattodea: Blaberidae: Panchlorinae) is newly recorded for the Mexican states of Chiapas, Guanajuato, Puebla, Quintana Roo and Tabasco via the examination of specimens deposited in scientific collections and observations in a citizen science platform.

Onion leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata sensu lato and Stemphylium vesicarium in Michoacán, México

México is among the main producers of onions, which are cultivated mainly in the states of Baja California, Chihuahua, Guanajuato, Michoacán, and Zacatecas. During June and November 2017, foliar blight symptoms were observed in commercial onion crops in the municipality of Copándaro, Michoacán. The incidence of the disease was 20% in June and 80% in November. The objective of this work was to identify the causal agent or agents of this disease. Fungal isolates recovered from symptomatic plants presented conidia typical of Alternaria and Stemphylium. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF1), and RNA polymerase subunit II (RPB2) genes confirmed the identity of the isolates as species within the Alternaria alternata species complex, and Stemphylium vesicarium. The isolates reproduced foliar blight symptoms in inoculated onion plants in pathogenicity tests. This is the first report of Alternaria alternata sensu lato and Stemphylium vesicarium causing foliar blight in commercial onion crops in Michoacán.

Determination of the main flavonoids in ojo de gallo (Sanvitalia procumbens Lamarck) yerba extracts from three different sites as potential biomolecules

This work focuses on determining the main flavonoids with medicinal effects present in the wild ojo de gallo plant endemic to the State of Guanajuato in Mexico. For this purpose, the concentration of kaempferol, catechin, and rutin was determined in the wild ojo de gallo grass collected from three different sites in the state of Guanajuato (Comedero Grande, Ex – Hacienda de Márquez, and Tejamanil). The dehydration process of the plant was carried out later to determine the concentration of the metabolites of interest using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. A statistical analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between the concentration of each metabolite and the various collection sites, also considering the results of the fertility analysis. The results show that the highest concentration for kaempferol was obtained in Ex – Hacienda de Márquez with a value of 24.15 ppm, while for catechin and rutin, it was in Tejamanil reporting values of 26.52 ppm and 46.98 ppm, respectively. The statistical analysis shows no significant difference between Ex -Hacienda de Márquez and Tejamanil for the three metabolites. These results indicate that the site called Comedero Grande favors the presence of kaempferol and rutin while the site called Tejamanil favors the presence of catechin; this opens the possibility of future studies that allow finding the appropriate conditions to maximize the flavonoids of interest in this plant.

Caliche From Archaeological Zone of Guanajuato Mexico and Nearby Deposits: Geochemical and Mechanical Characterizations

ABSTRACT Currently, several archaeological sites are being studied in the Mexican state of Guanajuato. Among these sites is the Cerro de Los Remedios, located in the municipality of Comonfort, in the state of Guanajuato. The archaeological site shows that among the main materials used for construction was a carbonate-based stone called caliche. Caliche is the result of carbonate sedimentation in sandstone; therefore, its physical and geochemical characteristics are specific to each archaeological zone around the world. Therefore, it was necessary to conduct a study of the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the material found. Samples were removed from the CZA archaeological site and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, XRD, X-ray fluorescence and SEM. The results showed that more than 93% of the caliche is composed of CaCO3 as a matrix of micrite and calcite granules. In addition, the physical and mechanical properties were determined, including density, porosity, and uniaxial compression stress. With the results obtained from the samples from the archaeological site, it was possible to identify material banks close to the caliche properties that were most like those used at the site, which can be proposed to be used in the conservation work required at the archaeological site.