States In Region Research Articles

The Strategic Shift of U.S. Economic Framework Toward Asia Pacific: From TPP to IPEF

The Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF) represents a significant pan-regional economic endeavor by the United States in the Indo-Pacific region following its departure from the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) in January 2017. The primary objective of the IPEF is to enhance and consolidate American economic influence within the Indo-Pacific region. One of the TPP objectives encompassed this aspect. The four critical pillars of IPEF are Trade; Supply Chains; Clean Economy; and Fair Economy. Member states can choose to participate in different areas as they wish, without committing to all areas. However, the accord's true efficacy is still in doubt because there are no legally enforceable trade agreements or processes. Today, the United States still has certain challenges competing in the Asia-Pacific area for geoeconomic benefits. The paper investigates the shift in U.S. economic policy towards the Asia-Pacific region, specifically analyzing the transition from the TPP to the IPEF. The research primarily concentrates on the fundamental aspects, distinguishing features, consequences, limitations, and prospective advancements of the IPEF.

Russia’s Foreign Policy Ideologemes and Their Relevance for Middle East in Context of Transformation of Modern System of International Relations

As part of this research, there was made an analysis of the foreign policy ideas, values and narratives of the Russian Federation distributed in the information sphere based on the theses that were voiced by the President of Russia V. Putin during his speeches in 2022. These ideas were considered through the prism of ideologemes that determine the strategic vector foreign policy of official Moscow. In addition, an assessment is made of the relevance of these ideologemes for the states of the Middle East region in the context of changes in the global transformation of the entire system of international relations and the building of a new polycentric world order. Conclusions are drawn about the interest of the cross-regional actors of the Middle East subsystem in the promotion of the theses and ideologies put forward by Russia and a certain identity and coincidence of the ideological and value spaces of Russia and the countries of the Middle East. Aspects and directions are outlined in which cooperation and coordination of actions between Moscow and the Middle East leaders can develop. An assumption is put forward about the possibility of building a system of rules and ideas in the Middle East, which can subsequently be extrapolated to the entire global system of international relations.

Ca and Mg stimulate protein synthesis in maize kernel through the action of endogenous hormones and defense enzymes

Soil calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) mineral states in rain-fed arid regions of Northwest China are inefficient, and their levels of substitution and water-soluble states are far below the lowest threshold required for maize growth, resulting in frequent physiological diseases, restricting synthesis of kernel protein (CRP). Our study set up different levels of foliar spraying of Ca and Mg fertilizers before maize pollination to examine the response characteristics of physiological and biochemical indicators in kernel, and the driving process of CRP synthesis. The main findings were: (1) Ca and Mg significantly increased the levels of CRP and endogenous hormones, and the activities of defense enzymes and CRP synthesis enzymes, which decreased significantly and stabilized at the maturity stage of maize. (2) The synthesis and accumulation of CRP were synergistically regulated by endogenous hormones, defense enzymes, and CRP synthase enzymes, with the degree of regulation varying with the level of Ca and Mg supplementation. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), zeatin riboside (ZR), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were the primary physiological driving indicators of CRP synthesis, with CRP having a significant synergistic relationship with CAT and a remarkable trade-off with other driving indicators. (3) The dominant driving pathway of CRP synthesis was “Ca, Mg-IAA or GA or ZR-CAT-GDH-CRP”. Ca and Mg positively affected IAA and GA levels, and IAA and GA positively regulated CAT activity. However, CAT negatively regulated GDH levels, causing GDH to negatively influence the synthesis and accumulation of CRP and its components. The findings provide theoretical support for further study of inter-root endogenous hormones and soil microbe-driven processes in the regulation of maize quality by Ca and Mg.

Sustained store-operated calcium entry utilizing activated chromatin state leads to instability in iTregs.

Thymus-originated tTregs and in vitro induced iTregs are subsets of regulatory T cells. While they share the capacity of immune suppression, their stabilities are different, with iTregs losing their phenotype upon stimulation or under inflammatory milieu. Epigenetic differences, particularly methylation state of Foxp3 CNS2 region, provide an explanation for this shift. Whether additional regulations, including cellular signaling, could directly lead phenotypical instability requires further analysis. Here, we show that upon TCR (T cell receptor) triggering, SOCE (store-operated calcium entry) and NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) nuclear translocation are blunted in tTregs, yet fully operational in iTregs, similar to Tconvs. On the other hand, tTregs show minimal changes in their chromatin accessibility upon activation, in contrast to iTregs that demonstrate an activated chromatin state with highly accessible T cell activation and inflammation related genes. Assisted by several cofactors, NFAT driven by strong SOCE signaling in iTregs preferentially binds to primed-opened T helper (TH) genes, resulting in their activation normally observed only in Tconv activation, ultimately leads to instability. Conversely, suppression of SOCE in iTregs can partially rescue their phenotype. Thus, our study adds two new layers, cellular signaling and chromatin accessibility, of understanding in Treg stability, and may provide a path for better clinical applications of Treg cell therapy.

Materials for the flora of the park named after the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol (Kirov)

The results of the analysis of the composition and structure of flora of the park named after the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol in the city of Kirov are presented. The study was conducted in 2021-2022 by route-reconnaissance method in combination with geobotanical descriptions of individual communities on temporary sample plots using traditional methods. Vegetation cover is represented by plantings of Betula pendula Roth, groupings of Pinus sylvestris L. and Populus tremula L., open meadow areas, laid alleys of shrubs and trees. The flora of vascular plants includes 125 taxa from 96 genera, 37 families, three classes and two divisions. Convallaria majalis L is found in the park, its cenopopulations require constant control and monitoring of the state in Kirov region. Plants are distributed into 14 ecological-coenotic groups, dominated among them by the number of species of wet-meadow (38.4 %) and nemoral (15.2 %). In the spectrum of biological types hemicryptophytes dominate (60.8 %); in the biomorphological structure -terrestrial herbaceous polycarpics (68.0 %), among them are short-rhizomatous (20.8 %), long-rhizomatous (15.2 %) and tap-rooted (13.6 %) herbs. Flora includes plants of five stages of hemerobia; dominated by species resistant to anthropogenic impact - mesohemerobes (93.3 %); a few taxons, which may tolerate minor soil disturbances - ^-euhemerobes (75.6 %). The revealed spectra suggest that the flora has undergone little transformation during the almost 60-year existence of the park, and to be close to the original meadow community, on the site of which the park was laid out.

Trends in the mortality of diabetes in Mexico from 1998 to 2022: a joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort effect analysis

ObjectiveThe purpose was to analyze age-standardized trends in diabetes mortality rates (DMR) from 1998 to 2022, stratified by sex and Mexican state, and the effects attributable to age, period, and cohort by sex. Study designJoinpoint regression and age-period-cohort effect analysis. MethodsBased on the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases, E11, E12, E13, and E14 codes of the death certificate, a daily record of mortality was extracted from the death certificate attributable to diabetes as the main cause. From 1998 to 2022, sexes and ages (≥20 years) were used to calculate the crude mortality rates and standardized at the national and Mexican state levels. Additionally, the age-period-cohort model was used to examine age, period, and cohort effects. ResultsFrom 1998 to 2005, the age-adjusted DMR increased by 3.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7, 4.5) for the total population, as shown by the joinpoint regression analysis at a national level; from 2017 to 2020, it increased by 7.4% (95% CI: 0.6, 14.8). The DMR with the highest increase during the study period came mainly from states in the country's southeastern region, 2.3% to 3.7% per year. The net age and period effects showed that mortality increased with advancing age and with going time, respectively; and the net cohort effect revealed that mortality increased in more recent birth cohorts, mainly in men Rate Ratio (RR) = 2.37 (95% CI: 2.29, 2.46) vs RR = 1.13 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.17). ConclusionThe DMR increased among older age groups. The period effect showed that mortality increased over time. Furthermore, the cohort effect showed that mortality increased in more recent birth cohorts, especially among men.

The influence of plating with flat bars around technological cutouts on the stress state of a 37500 tdw chemical tanker

The purpose of this study is to determine the stress states of the plating around the technological cutouts of a 37500 tdw chemical tanker under normal operational conditions, taking into account the efficiency of operational optimization and structural strength increase. This study will assess the stress state in the double bottom region of the ship, which experiences the most significant external loads from hydrostatic water pressure and internal loads from cargo pressure.

3D quantum Hall effect in a topological nodal-ring semimetal

A quantized Hall conductance (not conductivity) in three dimensions has been searched for more than 30 years. Here we explore it in 3D topological nodal-ring semimetals, by employing a minimal model describing the essential physics. In particular, the bulk topology can be captured by a momentum-dependent winding number, which confines the drumhead surface states in a specific momentum region. This confinement leads to a surface quantum Hall conductance in a specific energy window in this 3D system. The winding number for the drumhead surface states and Chern number for their quantum Hall effect form a two-fold topological hierarchy. We demonstrate the one-to-one correspondence between the momentum-dependent winding number and wavefunction of the drumhead surface states. More importantly, we stress that breaking chiral symmetry is necessary for the quantum Hall effect of the drumhead surface states. The analytic theory can be verified numerically by the Kubo formula for the Hall conductance. We propose an experimental setup to distinguish the surface and bulk quantum Hall effects. The theory will be useful for ongoing explorations on nodal-ring semimetals.

LEADERS OF THE GREAT ISLAMIC WORLD

This article is devoted to analyzing the role, position and high state heritage of Amir Temur and Yildirim Boyazid, two great leaders ofthe Turkish Muslim world and a statesman on the world political scene. The object of analytical research is focused on the geopolitical conflicts between the states in the Eurasian region in the XIV century. The development of processes in international relations is based on the content of Amir Temur's 1395 letter to Yildirim Boyazid in Shervan. As a source, this letter clarifies the common goals of the two great leaders, and they are different, sometimes conflicting views on their relationship. The statusand influence of the two Muslim states, which in their time aimed to change the landscape of the political world, are given scientific conclusions about the balance of power in the region, the causes of conflict, conflicts of interest, subsequent events and their outcome.

Three years of COVID-19 pandemic: comparative analysis of incidence, lethality and mortality among the States of the South Region of Brazil

Introduction: in Brazil, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed on February 26, 2020 As of March 17, 2023, the Ministry of Health recorded 699,634 deaths from COVID-19, with a fatality rate of 1.9%. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil in socioeconomic and health system spheres and a reflection of major regional differences. Objective: to analyze mortality, incidence and lethality due to COVID-19 in the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Methods: this is an ecological time series study using official Brazilian secondary data for cases and deaths from COVID-19. The data were extracted from the panel of the State Department of Health of the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná. For trend analysis, time series were developed using the Prais-Winsten regression model. Statistical analyzes were performed using STATA 14.0 software (College Station, TX, USA, 2013). Results: in the analysis of rates in the total period analyzed, the trends for mortality, lethality and incidence in the state of Santa Catarina are decreasing, decreasing and stationary, respectively. In the state of Paraná, rates in the total period showed a stationary, decreasing and increasing trend for mortality, lethality and incidence, respectively. Conclusion: COVID-19 had a devastating effect on the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná. Both states suffered from the progress of the COVID-19 pandemic, with higher lethality and mortality rates being observed in the state of Paraná, while Santa Catarina had a higher incidence rate over the three years it was in effect. COVID-19 pandemic.

Slim north, fat south: explaining regional differences in abnormal weights in Nigeria.

Weight abnormalities (underweight, overweight, and obesity) can cause life-threatening ailments. This study investigates disparities in the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity between northern and southern Nigeria and their associated factors. Using the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), the study analysed a sample of 12,333 women with complete records of body mass index. The study found that southern women had lower odds of being underweight than women in the north, but the reverse was the case for overweight and obesity. The prevalence of underweight was 11.6%, and it varies from 6.9% in the southern state of Enugu to 31.6% in the northern state of Jigawa. The national prevalence of overweight was 17.9%, ranging from 6.7% in Jigawa State of the northern region to 39.9% in Lagos State of the south. Similarly, the prevalence of obesity in the north was 6.1% compared to 14.4% in the south, with Anambra State of the southern region recording the highest figure of 35.5% compared to 2.1% in the Yobe State of the northern region. In all, the rate of abnormal weight was significantly higher in the south than in the north. However, the type of weight abnormality varies between the two regions. Religion, education, use of contraceptives, and wealth were associated with the three forms of abnormal weights. However, while religion was significantly associated with obesity in the north, the association was not significant in the south. This study found that wealth and education have dissimilar influences on overnutrition. While the odds of being overweight and obese increase with wealth, being educated up to a secondary level significantly reduces the odds in Nigeria and across the two regions.

Core Promoter and Pre-Core Variants of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Are Frequent in Chronic Hepatitis B HBeAg-Negative Patients Infected by Genotypes A and D.

In Brazil, hepatitis B virus endemicity is low, moderate, or high in some areas, such as Espírito Santo State in the southeast region. In this study, we intend to characterize the basal core promoter (BCP) and pre-core region (PC) variants and their association with clinical/epidemiological disease patterns in patients infected with genotypes A and D. The study included 116 chronic hepatitis B patients from Espírito Santo State, Southeast Brazil, infected with genotypes A and D. Basal core promoter (BCP) and pre-core mutations were analyzed in these patients. The frequency of BCP and PC mutations was compared with age, HBeAg status, HBV genotype and subgenotype, HBV-DNA level, clinical classification, and transmission route. HBeAg-negative status was found in 101 (87.1%) patients: 87 (75.0%) were infected with genotype A (A1 = 85; A2 = 2) and 29 (25.0%) were infected with genotype D (D3 = 24; D4 = 3; D2 = 2). BCP + PC variants altogether were more frequent (48.1%) in genotype D than in genotype A strains (6.0%) (p < 0.001). When this evaluation was performed considering the cases that presented only the A1762T and/or G1764A (BCP) mutations, it was observed that the frequency was higher in genotype A (67.5%) compared to genotype D (7.4%) (p < 0.001). On the other hand, considering the samples with mutations only in positions G1896A and/or G1899A (PC), the frequency was higher in genotype D (75.8%) than in genotype A (6.9%) (p < 0.001). Interestingly, HBV DNA was lower than 2000 IU/mL especially when both BCP/PC mutations were present (p < 0.001) or when only PC mutations were detected (p = 0.047), reinforcing their role in viral replication.

Milk Yield Prediction and Economic Analysis of Optimized Rearing Environment in a Cold Region Using Neural Network Model

The milk yield of dairy cows in a non-stressed state in the cold region in China is lower during cold seasons. In this study, the correlations between indoor environmental factors and milk production were analyzed. Temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity were found to be the main factors affecting milk yield. The warning values of these factors for lower milk production were 5 °C, 60%, and 300 lx, respectively. A neural network model predicting milk yield based on environmental factors was established, and the optimal model parameters were determined, resulting in a high accuracy of R2 = 0.802. This model was used to investigate the optimal measure for improving the indoor environment, which helps to increase milk production and economic benefits, including LED lights, heating radiators, and dehumidifiers. In conclusion, each type of device led to the growth of milk yield, reaching 2.341, 1.706, and 1.893 kg cow−1 Day−1. The combination of heating radiator and LED light resulted in the highest increased net benefit of 16.802 CNY cow−1 Day−1. This is the first time that a neural network model was successfully built to predict milk yield based on climatic features which was also applied to economic analysis of indoor environment improvement for dairy barns in extreme cold regions.

Graphene nanoribbon doped PVA nanocomposites for improved UVC blocking and luminescence down‐shifting applications

AbstractGraphene nanoribbon (GNR) is quasi‐one dimensional carbon based nanomaterial, distinct from graphene and less explored nanofiller in optical and optoelectronic applications. Herein flexible poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 wt % compositions of GNR were prepared by using solution intercalation technique and characterized by spectroscopic methods to assess their structural and optical characteristics. The characterization of PVA@GNR nanocomposites revealed Vander Waals binding of GNR to PVA chains and also considerable crystallographic changes in PVA matrix upon the incorporation of GNR. The optical investigations showed UV‐visible absorption in the wavelength range of 200–280 and 350–520 nm which enhanced on increase in GNR dopant concentration. The decrease in the optical band gap and Urbach energy was also observed for the nanocomposites with increase in dopant concentrations thereby suggesting the formation of localized states in the forbidden band region. The refractive index, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient and optical conductivity of PVA nanocomposites showed excellent agreement with the band gap revelations and indicated UVC light blocking properties in the wavelength of 200–280 nm. Further, the GNR incorporated PVA nanocomposites exhibited improved thermal stability, wettability transitions (hydrophilic to near hydrophilic) and excellent luminescent down‐conversion properties with a high Stokes's shift (100 nm) compared to pristine PVA nanocomposites. The study concludes that the proposed PVA@GNR nanocomposites can ideally fit optical and photovoltaic device applications owing to their transparency coupled with UV blocking and luminescence down‐shifting attributes.

Multi-pattern polyaniline electrochromic device by controllable three-dimensional movement of ions

Multi-mode and multi-color electrochromic devices (ECDs) have enormous potential for a wide range of applications. However, achieving diverse electrochromic modulation often requires the compounding of different electrochromic materials and the design of complex device structures, which poses a significant challenge. Herein, we propose a novel pre-nucleation electrodeposition method to fabricate polyaniline (PANI) films with high homogeneity and adhesion, and demonstrate a multi-pattern polyaniline electrochromic device by controllable three-dimensional movement of ions for the first time. The resulting PANI films exhibit good cycling stability, retaining approximately 89 % of the active charge after 100 cycles. By combining voltage and current drive modes, the ECDs are able to achieve different optical states in different regions. This dual-mode control strategy results in the highest optical contrast of 44.3 % between different regions of the ECDs, fast switching times (bleaching time and coloring time are 11.06 s and 12.42 s, respectively), and excellent cycle stability (93 % of the maximum transmittance modulation is maintained after 150 cycles). Our discovery provides a new approach to achieve multi-pattern electrochromism using a single electrochromic layer. It has potential applications in multifunctional smart windows and multi-mode color displays.

SOCIAL MEDIA AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: PERSPECTIVES ON DEEPFAKES’ USE IN NIGERIA’S 2023 GENERAL ELECTIONS

This study sets out to identify the forms and reasons behind deepfakes’ use and the effects during Nigeria’s 2023 general elections. The survey design was adopted using the quantitative research method for data collection and analysis. A total of 1500 copies of the “Perspectives on Use of Deepfakes” questionnaire was distributed to a research population drawn from five states of the South-South region of Nigeria namely Cross River, Rivers, Akwa Ibom, Delta and Bayelsa. A set of 300 copies was distributed to each of the states with the help of research assistants from each location apart from Cross River. At the end of the field distribution, 1123 copies of the questionnaire were returned from all the states. The research population were Nigerians of voting age, 18 years and above, irrespective of age, educational qualification and occupational status. The research respondents were randomly selected to fill in the questionnaire. After quantitative analysis using statistical tables with simple percentages, findings revealed that the use of artificial intelligence in the form of deepfakes was dominant on social media especially in picture and voice forms and that deepfakes were used as a mudslinging tool to dent the image of some Nigerian politicians and as propaganda tools to present some personalities as misfits in Nigeria’s leadership positions. The paper concluded that Artificial Intelligence in the form of deepfakes was used predominantly for negative motives and recommended enactment of laws to regulate the use of deepfakes in Nigeria’s political space especially during elections.

Chlorinated benzothiadiazole-based donor-acceptor polymers with tunable optoelectronic performances

Chlorinated benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole, a new analogue of benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BT), exhibits strong electron-withdrawing ability nature, while also offering advantages of lower cost and easier accessibility compared to its fluorinated analogues. This inspires us to investigate donor-acceptor-type (D-A) conjugated polymers based on chlorinated BT. Therefore, in this work, three D-A-D type monomers (0Cl, 1Cl, and 2Cl) were successfully synthesized with BT and chlorinated BT as acceptor units and EDOT as donor units by Stille coupling reaction. Subsequently, the corresponding D-A polymers (P0Cl, P1Cl, and P2Cl) were obtained via electrochemical polymerization. The results show that the two chlorinated monomers have higher initial oxidation potentials of 1.08 V (1Cl) and 1.09 V (2Cl), which are significantly higher than their non-chlorinated analogue (0.72 V). The two chlorinated polymers demonstrate good redox activity but with relatively poor stability (only 65.7 % and 20.7 % electroactivity are preserved after 100 cycles). Due to the decreased effective conjugation length caused by the deviations from planarity, both absorption spectra of the chlorinated polymers were blue-shifted when compared with P0Cl, leading to an increase in the optical band gap (1.64–1.68 eV). Introducing the Cl atom substitution on the BT unit resulted in the improvement of both the switching time and coloration efficiency. Specifically, the monochlorinated polymer (P1Cl) showed light gray in the neutral state and obvious electrochromic properties in the near-infrared region (optical contrast: 24 %, coloration efficiency: 195.6 cm2 C−1, and quick response time: 0.4 s). This study further expands the selection of chlorinated BT-based acceptor units and the application prospect of D-A electrochromic polymers.

An Analysis of the Impact of Financial Inclusion on Poverty and Development: Case of SACU Countries

Financial inclusion has been on the agenda as a vehicle of economic development in modern times. Studies base the contribution of financial inclusion on poverty and development on the theoretical and empirical evidence intensively expressed in literature. In some cases, the influence of financial inclusion on development has inconclusive effects on economic development and therefore, more and more research is underway to achieve an informed decision. This study attempted to relate financial inclusion to development and poverty in the SACU region. Financial inclusion is very vital for development and poverty reduction. The most financially excluded populations, the vulnerable, are found in developing countries and mainly women. The member states of the SACU region are also developing nations. The results of this study have indicated the importance of women’s education on financial literacy to enhance financial inclusion. There is also a need in the region to create employment opportunities for women so that they will be able to get access to formal financial institutions, for savings, bank accounts, withdrawals and salaries, which will in turn have a significant impact on financial inclusion. Poverty eradication or reduction is very critical in SACU region to enhance financial inclusion. The governments of the SACU member states must enact policies that are targeted at poverty eradication, which is in line with sustainable development goals, not just enacting, but in conjunction with implementation and close monitoring to make the policies effective.

Modelling of surface reactions and diffusion mediated by bulk diffusion.

We develop a continuum framework applicable to solid-state hydrogen storage, cell biology and other scenarios where the diffusion of a single constituent within a bulk region is coupled via adsorption/desorption to reactions and diffusion on the boundary of the region. We formulate content balances for all relevant constituents and develop thermodynamically consistent constitutive equations. The latter encompass two classes of kinetics for adsorption/desorption and chemical reactions-fast and Marcelin-De Donder, and the second class includes mass action kinetics as a special case. We apply the framework to derive a system consisting of the standard diffusion equation in bulk and FitzHugh-Nagumo type surface reaction-diffusion system of equations on the boundary. We also study the linear stability of a homogeneous steady state in a spherical region and establish sufficient conditions for the occurrence of instabilities driven by surface diffusion. These findings are verified through numerical simulations which reveal that instabilities driven by diffusion lead to the emergence of steady-state spatial patterns from random initial conditions and that bulk diffusion can suppress spatial patterns, in which case temporal oscillations can ensue. We include an extension of our framework that accounts for mechanochemical coupling when the bulk region is occupied by a deformable solid. This article is part of the theme issue 'Foundational issues, analysis and geometry in continuum mechanics'.

Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and its Impact on Corporate Profitability: A Comparative Analysis Between Public and Private Sector Companies in Odisha

Purpose: Corporate social responsibility is commonly called social responsibility of business. CSR acts as corporate driver through which business organization makes sustainable development of the society. This study aims to investigate a comparative study on CSR practice and its impact on profitability performance between selected public and private companies operating in Odisha region.&#x0D; &#x0D; Theoretical framework: The study is based on comparative analysis on CSR practice undertaken by public and private sector companies operating in Odisha after introduction of new Companies Act 2013. Researcher aims to analyze the co-variance between CSR practices and corporate profitability performance in regard to evaluating the impact of stakeholders’ perception.&#x0D; &#x0D; Design/Methodology/Approach: Researchers have selected this theme of research after extensive study of review of literature. For achievement of objective of research, researcher has adopted purposive sampling method for selecting corporate sectors who are involved in CSR obligations. Twenty companies were selected (10 from public sector and 10 from private sector) whose commercial operation in state of Odisha region. These companies are engaged in power, steel, oil, metal, coal, cement, paper, fertilizers, etc. The investigation is based on secondary data. Data have been collected from the annual reports and business responsibility reports of selected corporate entities. Descriptive statistical tools (Mean, S.D, Variance, Standard error of mean, Skewness, Co-efficient of variation, etc) have been used.&#x0D; &#x0D; Findings: The end outcome of this research study reveals that CSR expenditure of private sector companies is more than public sector in odisha while public sector are more stable and consistent towards CSR expenditure over private sector companies. It is also observed that CSR practice of private sector companies extremely significant over the public sector companies towards socio economic development of the state. There is no association between budgeted and actual CSR expenditure.&#x0D; &#x0D; Research, Practical and Social implications: The study of CSR practice is a vibrant issue since many years back for sustainable development. This research is of value to the researcher and practitioners of corporate social responsibility. The research study I hope immensely helpful in guiding, regulating, and adapting CSR practice of both public and private sector companies as per new provision of Companies Act of Government of India.&#x0D; &#x0D; Originality/Value: The present research study CSR practices and its impact on corporate profitability have a notable global importance for the well being of society. Adequate integration between the corporate entities and the society is essential for the development and growth which enables the society to be sustainable.