State Water Survey Research Articles

NATIONAL MEETINGS

JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources AssociationVolume 4, Issue 1 p. 84-85 NATIONAL MEETINGS M. A. Marino, M. A. Marino Illinois State Water Survey Urbana, Illinois 61801Search for more papers by this author M. A. Marino, M. A. Marino Illinois State Water Survey Urbana, Illinois 61801Search for more papers by this author First published: March 1968 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1968.tb02917.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume4, Issue1March 1968Pages 84-85 RelatedInformation

INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS

JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources AssociationVolume 3, Issue 3 p. 61-62 INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS M. A. Marino, M. A. Marino Illinois State Water Survey Urbana, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this author M. A. Marino, M. A. Marino Illinois State Water Survey Urbana, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1967 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1967.tb02877.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume3, Issue3September 1967Pages 61-62 RelatedInformation

INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS

JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources AssociationVolume 3, Issue 1 p. 72-74 INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS Miguel A. Marino, Miguel A. Marino Illinois State Water Survey Urbana, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this author Miguel A. Marino, Miguel A. Marino Illinois State Water Survey Urbana, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1967 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1967.tb05755.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume3, Issue1March 1967Pages 72-74 RelatedInformation

INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS

JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources AssociationVolume 2, Issue 4 p. 27-28 INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS Miguel A. Marino, Miguel A. Marino Illinois State Water Survey Urbana, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this author Miguel A. Marino, Miguel A. Marino Illinois State Water Survey Urbana, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1966 https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.1966.2.4.27AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume2, Issue4December 1966Pages 27-28 RelatedInformation

NATIONAL MEETINGS

JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources AssociationVolume 2, Issue 4 p. 25-27 NATIONAL MEETINGS Miguel A. Marino, Miguel A. Marino Illinois State Water Survey Urbana, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this author Miguel A. Marino, Miguel A. Marino Illinois State Water Survey Urbana, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1966 https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.1966.2.4.25AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume2, Issue4December 1966Pages 25-27 RelatedInformation

Quantitative Analysis of Reservoir and Stream Yields

This article describes hydrologic research conducted by the Illinois State Water Survey to meet the growing need for water in the state. Methods of determining reservoir and stream yields are discussed, as well as how these methods were applied to Illinois conditions.

NATIONAL MEETINGS

JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources AssociationVolume 2, Issue 2 p. 31-32 NATIONAL MEETINGS Miguel A. Marino, Miguel A. Marino Illinois State Water Survey Urbana, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this author Miguel A. Marino, Miguel A. Marino Illinois State Water Survey Urbana, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this author First published: June 1966 https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.1966.2.2.31AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume2, Issue2June 1966Pages 31-32 RelatedInformation

INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS

JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources AssociationVolume 2, Issue 2 p. 33-34 INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS Miguel A. Marino, Miguel A. Marino Illinois State Water Survey Urbana, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this author Miguel A. Marino, Miguel A. Marino Illinois State Water Survey Urbana, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this author First published: June 1966 https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.1966.2.2.33AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume2, Issue2June 1966Pages 33-34 RelatedInformation

Electric Analog Computers and Hydrogeologic System Analysis in Illinoisa

AbstractElectric analog computers are playing an important role in the forecast of consequences of developing nonhomogeneous aquifers in Illinois having highly irregular shapes and boundaries and a wide variety of head and discharge controls. Analog computers are versatile and simple equipment, of low to moderate cost, with which ground‐water development schemes can be rapidly and accurately tested and the relative merits of alternate choices of development can be appraised.The electric analog computer used by the Illinois State Water Survey consists of an analog model and excitation‐response apparatus, i.e., waveform generator, pulse generator and oscilloscope. Analog models are regular arrays of resistors and capacitors and are scaled‐down versions of aquifers and confining beds where present. Resistors are inversely proportional to the coefficients of transmissibility and vertical permeability aquifers and the coefficients of leakage of confining beds. Capacitors store electrostatic energy in a manner analogous to the storage of water in the aquifer. The behavior of the electrical network is described by an equation which has the same form as the finite‐difference equation for nonsteady state two or three‐dimensional flow of ground water. Electrical units (voltage, coulombs, amperes and seconds) and corresponding hydraulic units (feet, gallons, gallons per day and days) are connected by 4 scale factors.Excitation‐response equipment force electrical energy in the proper time phase into the analog model and measure energy levels within the energy‐dissipative resistor‐capacitor network. Oscilloscope traces, i.e., time‐voltage graphs, are analogous to time‐drawdown or time‐recovery graphs and describe drawdown or recovery conditions after a step function‐type change in discharge. A catalog of time‐voltage graphs provides data for construction of a series of water‐level change maps. Close agreement of water‐level declines determined with an analog computer and analytical methods for 3 selected idealized aquifer situations is noted with satisfaction.An electric analog model for the East St. Louis area was assembled. The sand and gravel aquifer in the East St. Louis area has an average thickness of 120 feet, an average width of 7 miles and an average length of 30 miles. The analog model for the aquifer consists of a regular array of 2800 resistors and 1350 capacitors. The scale of the model is 1 inch equals 2000 feet. Values of resistors range in magnitude from 2.2 megohms to 33,000 ohms; capacitors are 2500 micromicrofarads. The effects of the Mississippi River were simulated by terminating the portion of the electrical network along the river in an open circuit. Resistors large in magnitude were connected to terminals along the edge of the aquifer and to ground to simulate small amounts of sub‐surface flow through bluffs. The accuracy and reliability of the electric analog computer was established by comparing past records of water‐level declines and values of water‐level declines determined with the analog computer. The electric analog computer was used to evaluate the practical sustained yields of existing pumping centers, to predict the effects of a selected scheme of development and to deter‐mine the potential yield of the aquifer under assumed pump‐ing conditions.An electric analog model for the Champaign‐Urbana area was assembled. The sand and gravel aquifers in the Champaign‐Urbana area are contained in the Mahomet buried bedrock valley which extends across the central part of Illinois from the Indiana border to the Illinois River Valley. The Mahomet buried bedrock valley averages about 12 miles wide in the Champaign‐Urbana area and is largely filled with glacial drift ranging in thickness from 50 to 440 feet. Sand and gravel are encountered within the glac‐ial drift at depths between 60 and 120 feet (upper aquifer), 140 and 170 feet (middle aquifer) and below a depth of 200 feet (lower aquifer). The upper aquifer is thin and discontinuous; the middle aquifer has an average thickness of 43 feet; and the lower aquifer often exceeds 100 feet thick. Till averaging 120 feet thick (upper confining bed) overlies the middle aquifer; about 30 feet of till (lower confining bed) separates the middle and lower aquifers. The analog model for the complex aquifer system consists of a regular array of 7500 resistors and capacitors. The scale of the model is 1 inch equals 1 mile. Values of resistors range from 1 to 68,000 ohms; values of capacitors range from 10e6 to lo‐' farads. The analog model consists of 2 horizontal arrays of resis‐tors and capacitors (lower and middle aquifers) and 1 hori‐zontal ground wire array (water table) interconnected by two vertical arrays of resistors (lower and upper confining beds). The accuracy and reliability of the electric analog computer are being assessed. The computer will be used to predict the effects of future ground‐water development and the practical sustained yields of existing pumping centers in the Champaign‐Urbana area.

Control of Taste and Odor in Missouri River Water

This article begins with a brief discussion of the sources of pollution of Missouri River water. Several surveys done in 1950 are mentioned, along with the formation of the Missouri River Public Water Association in 1958. In the spring of 1960 a sample of raw and finished water was sent to the Illinois State Water Survey Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, for chromatographic separation and identification of organic acids present during the spring runoff. The article discusses whether any of the organic acids present could be responsible for the taste and odor problems, whether treatment practices at Omaha, Nebraska, changed the acids, and whether those changes could cause the taste and odor problems that occured during that period.

A Tribute to Edward Bartow

This article pays tribute to Dr. Edward Bartow, Professor Emeritus, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Iowa, who passed away on April 12, 1958. The article discusses his affiliation with AWWA, serving as secretary of the Illinois Section from its creation in 1909 to 1919. His career included an 8‐year tenure at the University of Kansas, director of the Illinois State Water Survey, service during World War I in the Sanitary Corps, commanding officer of the French “Les Services des Eaux”, chairman of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Iowa, and president of the American Chemical Society in 1936 and a member for 62 years. While with the “Survey”, Bartow became a leader in eliminating typhoid fever through the development of uncontaminated public water supplies.

Artificial Recharge and pollution of Ground Water

AbstractIn an attempt at partially counteracting the serious depletion of ground‐water resources at Peoria, Illinois, a method for artificial replenishment has been developed by the Illinois State Water Survey and used in two well fields. Water taken from the Illinois River is chlorinated and infiltrated into the ground‐water aquifers by means of recharge pits.Potential pollutants of physical, chemical, bacterial, and radioactive nature are present in the river at all times in varying degrees. Possible pollution of the ground water is patently inherent to the artificial recharge process.Eight years of operating experience have proven the pit method of recharge to be effective in the Peoria area. Substantial quantities of water are recharged annually and existing standards for quality have been met. The results serve to point out problems which are encountered; to emphasize the need for control measures; and to establish trends and effects which may become important in the future.

ABS in the Peoria Domestic Water Supply

This article presents the results of a study by the Illinois State Water Survey of the source and the extent of movement of alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) in the Peoria, Illinois, water supply.

Natural Radioactivity in Illinois Water Resources

Various isotopes have different levels of significance or limiting parameters of health hazard. Methods of radioactivity measurement vary, frequently from one laboratory to another, even to the extent that the measurements are often only roughly comparable. All radioactivity measurements at the Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana, Illinois, made since May 1957 have been of samples of well waters, streams, and rivers. These measurements have been limited to gross alpha and beta activities by proportional counting of the nonvolatile residue remaining after evaporation of the water carrier. Such residues do not contain tritium, which will, therefore, not be discussed and which, furthermore, has a very low level of energy with a half‐life of 12 years. It is of interest, however, as shown by Libby, that the beta activity of tritium in the Mississippi River was 5‐20 μμc/l; in Lake Michigan, 5 μμc/l; and in rainfall in the Midwest, approximately 20 μμc/l. For low levels of activity, an error of approximately 50 per cent was estimated. Therefore, any appreciable confidence in results cannot be extended to activities of less than about 3 μμc/l (relative to 20‐min counting in duplicate for 250‐ml samples). For 5O per cent confidence at an acti‐ vity of 3 μμc/l, a 2‐hr counting period would be required. Favorable limitations of the counting procedures are further degraded by the absence of specific information on the self‐absorption that results from the deposition of neutral mineral salts from the samples containing nuclides responsible for radioactivity. The physiologic significance of gross activity and specific radioactive isotopes, and the optimum and standard procedures for the determination of gross and specific activities, are not discussed. Consideration is given to: the radioactivity of groundwaters, which have been used as public supplies for more than four generations and which, for all practical purposes, contain only those isotopes of long half‐lives; excerpts from, and interpretations of, data on Ra226 by Lucas and Ilcewicz of Argonne National Laboratories, Lemont, Illinois; and, data on gross activity of surface waters, with particular emphasis on measurements of gross dissolved beta radioactivity, with reference to the natural activity of Illinois water resources.

Natural Variability of Storm, Seasonal and Annual Precipitation

Statistical evaluation of seasonal and annual rainfall variability based on rainfall data gathered by four networks of Illinois State Water Survey since 1949; analyses show variability of rainfall between five comparable areas and between control and target areas; 18% difference in average annual precipitation within urban area; design of rain gage networks for weather modification experiments.

Evaporation suppression from water surfaces

Techniques used for measuring the effect of monomolecular films to suppress evaporation from water surfaces are reviewed. A brief history of chemical studies and field testing of organic compounds is presented. Research in Illinois by the State Water Survey indicates that normal evaporation may be reduced by as much as one‐third by efficient use of monolayers.

The Peoria Recharge Pit: Its Development and Results

Research on artificial recharge was done in Peoria, Ill, by State Water Survey to find methods for overcoming losses in ground water storage due to overpumpage; method was found to obtain high rate of inflow of from 23 to 27 mgd per acre; types of hydrologic, chemical, and bacteriological observations made.

The Causes and Effects of Sedimentation in Lake Decatur

Bulletin 37, Department of Registration and Education, State Water Survey Division, Urbana, Illinois

Appendix G—Geological and geophysical studies of ground‐water geology in Illinois by the Illinois State Geological Survey

Introduction—Geological and geophysical work in connection with ground water is carried on by the staff of the Subsurface Division of the Illinois State Geological Survey. Several different types of work are done in connection with the ground‐water supplies of the State. These include: (1) Preparation of reports on the ground‐water geology in response to inquiries; (2) electrical earth‐resistivity surveys for the location of water‐bearing sands and gravels; (3) geophysical logging of water‐wells; (4) project studies of ground‐water geology of important areas, for publication. The work of the Geological Survey constitutes only a part of ground‐water work done in Illinois inasmuch as chemical and engineering investigations are carried on by the State Water Survey Division, and public‐health aspects are handled by the State Department of Public Health. In many problems all three agencies collaborate.

Discussion

Journal AWWAVolume 33, Issue 1 p. 166-167 Discussion Discussion Max Suter, Max SuterEngineer, State Water Survey, Urbana, Ill.Search for more papers by this author Max Suter, Max SuterEngineer, State Water Survey, Urbana, Ill.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1941 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1941.tb17211.x AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume33, Issue1January 1941Pages 166-167 RelatedInformation