State University Agricultural Research Articles

Relationship between the Profile of Agricultural Students and their Career Aspiration about Prospects of Agripreneurship

Career aspiration refers to a long-term professional aim or goal that a person sets for themselves in their chosen career or profession. Aims: To ascertain the relationship between the profile of students and their career aspiration about prospects of agripreneurship. Study Design: Expost facto research design. Place and Duration of Study: The study was taken at four State Agricultural Universities of Gujarat. August 2023 – March 2024. Methodology: The study was conducted among the students from the agriculture faculty in four State Agricultural Universities of Gujarat which are Navsari Agricultural University, Junagadh Agricultural University, Anand Agricultural University and Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University. The respondents were M.Sc. (Agri.), Ph.D. (Agri.) and final year B.Sc. (Agri.) students from the main campus of each university. Expost facto research design was used. By simple random sampling technique, 25 students from each degree from four universities were selected. Thus, the total sample is 300. By interview method, responses were collected using an interview schedule. The relationship between the independent and dependent variable were analysed using statistical tools such as correlation and stepwise regression. Results: The variables such as age, source of information, risk taking ability, achievement orientation, leadership ability, critical thinking, self-confidence and innovativeness were significantly correlated with the level of career aspiration about prospects of agripreneurship at 1 per cent level of significance. The variables such as the source of information, achievement orientation, critical thinking, innovativeness and age were accounting influences and 41.00 per cent variation in career aspiration of the students. Conclusion: Hence, these variables should be taken care and need to improve for the change in career aspiration.

Increased Farnesoid X Receptor agonism in frontal cortex is associated with neuronal loss in a pig model of pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Clinical studies suggest a link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and neurodegeneration, but the mechanisms connecting both pathologies remain unknown. Rodent models of liver failure have shown neurological decline to be associated with increased bile acid (BA) levels and BA-activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling in the brain, which may disrupt brain’s cholesterol metabolism and promote neuronal death. We have previously established a pediatric animal model of NAFLD by feeding juvenile Iberian pigs a diet high in fat and fructose (HFF) for 10 weeks. The aim of this study was to determine whether BAs and FXR gene expression were increased in the frontal cortex (FC) of NAFLD pigs, and whether these changes were associated with neuronal loss. Eighteen 15-day-old Iberian pigs were assigned to receive for 10 weeks either a control (CON) or a HFF diet. FC was collected for immunohistochemistry, metabolomics, and transcriptomics analyses. Functional enrichment analyses were performed on differentially expressed genes to identify Gene Ontology (GO) terms using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. All HFF-fed pigs developed NAFLD. Immunostaining of mature neurons with NeuN was lower in FC of HFF compared with CON (P ≤ 0.05), whereas total BA levels increased (P ≤ 0.05) in FC of HFF-fed pigs. Brain levels of cholic and conjugated deoxycholic acids, which are FXR agonists, increased ( P ≤ 0.05) in HFF compared with CON. Conversely, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, which has strong FXR-antagonistic effect and has been shown to exert neuroprotective functions, was decreased (P ≤ 0.001) in HFF and was positively correlated with NeuN staining intensity (R2 = 0.623; P ≤ 0.001). Expression of FC genes encoding FXR, BA synthetic enzymes sterol 24- and 27-hydroxylases, and BA transporters Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, organic anion transporting polypeptide, and organic solute transporters alpha and beta did not differ between groups. GO terms associated with Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which promotes neuronal survival and neurogenesis, were downregulated in HFF-fed pigs ( P ≤ 0.05), whereas mitochondrial respiratory chain complex and mitochondrion increased in HFF compared with CON ( P ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, increased BA levels and FXR agonism in frontal cortex of NAFLD pigs was associated with dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and neuronal loss. California State University Agriculture Research Institute (grants 58873 and 58913), California Polytechnic State University internal funding programs Baker/Koob, RSCA, Frost, BiOWiSH Technologies, Hilmar Ingredients, and Acorn Seekers. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Study on Spatial Distribution and Occurrence of Pink Boll Worm on Cotton

An investigation was carried out to “Study on spatial distribution and occurrence of pink boll worm on cotton” under Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Adilabad, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University during Kharif, 2018 and 2019. The main objective of this study was to determine distance and migration of pink boll worm adults from ginning mill to cropping area of different location through GIS tools and the results revealed that spatial distribution of pink bollworm was found to be low in the villages which are 15 kms away from the ginning mill i.e. pheromone catches (1515 and 1267) and PBW larvae/20 bolls (13.76 % and 15.00%) and villages which are 5kms away from the ginning mill was found to be high incidence i.e. pheromone catches (2185 and 1929) and PBW larvae/20 bolls (38.14 % and 28.10%) during Kharif 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Different Management of Nitrogen Application Affected Growth Characteristic of Maize (Zea mays L)

A field study was conducted during Kharif 2019-20 at Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India to evaluate different handheld decision support tools for precision nitrogen management in rainfed maize (Zea mays L.). The study utilized a randomized block design and was replicated three times. The eight treatments included applying nitrogen through the State-recommended dose of 200 kg ha-1 in three splits (RDN), using a leaf color chart (LCC) based on N at thresholds 3 and 4, using a soil plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter based on N at thresholds 35 and 40, and using a Green Seeker based on N at NDVI 0.6 and 0.8 in comparison with RDN and absolute control. Based on Green Seeker NDVI at threshold 0.8, the results showed that applying nitrogen resulted in considerably greater yields for maize grain (8408 kg ha-1), stover (9923 kg ha-1), and harvest index (45.8%). with higher yield and growth parameter viz., test weight (36.3 g ), No. of grain rows row-1 (36.7), cob length (18.9 cm), plant height (223.7 cm), leaf area (6385.75 cm2) and dry matter accumulation (18193 kg ha-1) as compared to RDN. Similarly, Green Seeker based N at NDVI 0.8 also registered higher net returns (Rs. 118961 ha-1) and B: C ratio (4.05).

Influence of cover crop residue and residual herbicide on emergence dynamics of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in grain sorghum

Abstract A field study was conducted from 2020 to 2023 at Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center near Hays, KS, to understand the emergence dynamics and periodicity of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) as influenced by cover crop (CC) residue and residual herbicide in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. The study site was under a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–sorghum–fallow rotation with a natural seedbank of GR A. palmeri. Treatments included (1) fall-planted CC mixture [winter triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus [Secale × Triticum])/winter peas (Pisum sativum L.)/rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)/radish (Raphanus sativus L.)] after wheat harvest and terminated at triticale heading stage (next spring before sorghum planting) with glyphosate alone or (2) glyphosate plus acetochlor/atrazine, (3) chemical fallow (no CC but treated with acetochlor/atrazine and dicamba before sorghum planting), and (4) nontreated control (no CC and no herbicide). Results indicated that CC terminated with glyphosate plus acetochlor/atrazine had a delayed and reduced cumulative emergence of GR A. palmeri as compared with chemical fallow and CC terminated with glyphosate alone across all 3 yr. Compared with chemical fallow, the CC terminated with glyphosate alone and glyphosate plus acetochlor/atrazine required 66 to 643 and 105 to 1,257 more cumulative growing degree days, respectively, to achieve 90% cumulative emergence of GR A. palmeri across all 3 yr. The combined effect of CC residue with glyphosate plus acetochlor/atrazine reduced the total emergence counts of GR A. palmeri by 42% to 56% and 82% to 94% as compared with chemical fallow and nontreated control, respectively. These results suggest that fall-planted CC combined with a residual herbicide at termination can be utilized for GR A. palmeri suppression in grain sorghum.

Avifaunal Diversity in Telangana State: A Case Study in Campus of Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India

Population Studies on different agricultural and other bird species were carried out at Students farm, College farm, Agri biodiversity park, and Agricultural Research Institute farm areas of Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU) Campus in semiarid region of Telangana state covering an area of about 36 Sq.km. for a period of eleven years (2012 to 2023). Population diversity of 92 species of different birds, and their distribution within the university campus farm areas were recorded. Important among them are 9 species namely: Blue rock pigeon (Columba livia), Spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis), Rose ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri),Common myna (Acridotheres tristis), House crow (Corvus splendens), House sparrow (Passer domesticus), Baya weaver bird (Ploceus philippinus), White throated munia (Lonchura malabarica), and Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) which depredate experimental field crops among them only few birds such as: Rose ringed parakeets, House crows, House sparrows, Pigeons, Baya weavers, Peafowls and Munias were serious bird pests to major agricultural and horticultural crops. The University farm areas were found to be the most preferred habitat for many of these birds, it could be due to availability of food, breeding, roosting and resting sites in abundance because of more agricultural croplands and agro forestry trees.

To Access the Knowledge of Community Science: A Fresh Perspective on B.Sc. Community Science Grade

Community Science formerly Known as Home Science is a profession and area of study that deals with the management and economics of the home and community. It is also referred to as family and consumer sciences, human ecology, and home economics. The present study was conducted during 2022-23 to measure the knowledge level of the B.Sc. Community Science graduates. To construct and standardize Knowledge scale the researcher outlined a scale and after that analyzing the content framed 600 items related to the course. After seeking the opinion of the experts some of the items were reframed. Finally, 450 items were considered to form initial stage for developing a standardized knowledge test. These items were subjected to item analysis. After which, a total 300 items were remained for the final study. The selected items sent to 15 State or central Agricultural Universities, 150 M.Sc. Community Science Students as respondents through Online google forms for the data collection. The result of the study revealed that there are 14% of the respondents had low level of Knowledge, majority of the respondents, 74% fall into the medium level of knowledge and 12% of the respondents had demonstrate a higher level of knowledge.

Registration of ‘FL12034‐10’ oat: A new dual‐purpose disease resistant cultivar for Florida and southern United States

Abstract‘FL12034‐10’ (Reg. no. CV‐389, PI 704483), a facultative oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivar, co‐developed by the University of Florida and Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, was released in October 2022. FL12034‐10 was derived from a three‐way cross LA06055SBSBSB‐79/FL11048 F1. It is well adapted across the southern United States and provides producers with a medium‐tall, mid‐season, awnless, white‐glumed, dual‐purpose oat that has high yield potential, good straw strength, and good forage yield. FL12034‐10 was observed to be uniform and stable across environments in the southern United States from 2017 to present. The line possesses a semi‐prostrate growth habit, vigorous growth, and high tillering capacity, and has large leaves that are dark green in color. It expresses moderate‐to‐high levels of resistance to most oat diseases prevalent in the southern United States. The crown and stem rust and Barley yellow dwarf virus ratings (0–9 scale) of FL12034‐10 were 1.7, 0.7, and 1.5, respectively, across different environments. The disease ratings were better than most of the checks. The grain yield average of FL12034‐10 from 41 environments during 2018–2021 was 6437 kg ha−1, which is competitive with check cultivars that are widely used in the southern part of the United States. The forage yield of FL12034‐10 ranged from 2358 to 6617 kg ha−1 (20 environments), which was higher than most of the checks. FL12034‐10 demonstrated better lodging and disease resistance, higher grain yield potential, and higher mid‐winter to late spring season forage yield potential than Horizon 720 and Legend 567 oats released by University of Florida.

Conformation Techniques for False Smut Pathogen (U. virens) on Rice through Cultural and Molecular Tools in Telangana

The study was conducted during period of January to April, 2022 at the Department of Plant Pathology and Institute of Biotechnology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana state, India. The main objective of this study was to investigate cultural and morphological characteristics of U. virens isolates on potato sucrose medium (PSA) and their molecular confirmation collected from rice growing regions of Telangana during the kharif (rainy season), 2021. The isolates showed varying colony diameters and growth rates, with Uv3 reaching a maximum diameter of 77 mm and a growth rate of 2.85 mm, while Uv11 exhibited a minimum diameter of 40 mm with a growth rate of 1.48 mm. Notably, twenty two isolates showed diverse characteristics, including colony color, elevation, zonation, sectoring, and chlamydospore formation. Cluster analysis revealed the formation of five major groups, each group containing isolates with distinct features and PCR amplification with universal and species-specific primers yielded products of 700 bp and 380 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis, indicated, Uv3 and Uv15 belonged to clade X and clade VII, respectively, both comprising Indian isolates. In contrast, Uv4 was grouped under clade II, which included both Chinese and Indian isolates. The proposed technique coupled with information of U. virens will immensely contribute to further studies on this fungus and false smut disease in India.

Constraints of Student Ready Programme in State Agricultural Universities

The study was conducted in state agricultural universities of Karnataka, Telangana, Tamil Nadu and Kerala states during 2021-2022 to analyze the problems faced by undergraduate agricultural students undergone student READY programme. Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE), Agro-Industrial Attachment (AIA), Experiential Learning/Hands on Training, Project Reports are the components offered in the selected universities as a part of student READY programme. A total of 160 respondents (40 per university) were selected by using simple random sampling. Mailed questionnaires were used to collect data and appropriate statistical tools i.e. frequency and percentage were applied to analyze the data. The major constraints faced by students are lack of proper accommodation in RAWE villages, lack of transport facilities in RAWE villages, lack of farmer cooperation, inadequate stipend to meet the basic needs and lacking practical exposure during online classes. This research will help to modify the components that offered under student READY programme.

СОРТА ДВУРУЧКИ КАК ИСХОДНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ ДЛЯ СЕЛЕКЦИИ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В СЕВЕРНОЙ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ ТЮМЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The objective of research is to study the facultative wheat varieties bred by the Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture for a set of economic traits and to establish the possibility of using them in the bree-ding of spring wheat in the Tyumen Region. Research was conducted in 2022–2023 on a small experimental field of the Northern Trans-Urals State Agricultural University. The object of research is five facultative wheat varieties (Anka, Afina, Leo, Karavan, Velena) bred by the Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture and the standard spring wheat variety Ikar. It was found that facultative wheat varieties, when sown early (soil temperature 8–10 °C), grow and develop well and, at the same time as the standard spring variety Ikar, reach economic grain maturity at the end of August. They form stems 80–90 cm high with shortened lower internodes, dense straw walls (weight of 1 cm of straw is 23.1–27.5 mg, for the standard – 19.7 mg) and are resistant to lodging. In terms of field germination and survival of plants for harvesting, the diurnal varieties exceeded the standard Ikar variety by 13–18 and 12–17 %, respectively. In terms of resistance to brown leaf and stem rust, powdery mildew and septoria, they were rated at 7–9 points. Productive tillering was one and a half to two times higher than that of the standard Ikar variety and amounted to 2–4 stems per plant. Due to the high grain content per ear (23–28 pcs.) and average grain size (34.3–37.1 g), the grain weight per ear was 0.82–1.14 g, which is 0.12–0.44 g higher than that of the standard Ikar variety. In terms of protein and gluten content in grain, as well as grain bulk density, vitreousness, and falling number, the facultative varieties generally met the requirements for valuable and strong wheat. According to the studied economic characteristics, facultative wheat varieties are valuable source material for breeding spring wheat in the Tyumen Region.

Study on Soil Fertility Variations, Distribution of Soil Health Report and Key Suggestions for Problems Identified for Improvement of Livelihoods in Adopted Village Narsimhulapalle, Telangana, India

The Agricultural College, Sircilla of Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, as the sixth and youngest college of the University, started during the academic year 2018-19. One of the mandatory activities of the college in addition to academics is adoption of village and disseminating need based relevant technologies of the University for improvement of livelihoods of the villagers. Hence, a village by name Narsimhulapalle of Thangallapalli Mandal, Rajanna Sircilla district was adopted as part of extension activities of the college which is about 19 km from the college. Prior to the dissemination of improved technologies, the identification of existing scenario in the village with regards to soils, fertility status, crops, varieties, package of production technologies followed were taken up. Soil samples were collected with geo-positions from every farmer’s field i.e., 114 farm holds of the village, processed and tested for fertility status. Action plan was prepared based on crop grown to alleviate the livelihoods of the village. A systematic collection of demographic, socio economic conditions and livelihoods of the villagers from primary and secondary sources along with prevailing farming practices were documented. All the 114 soils of the village were deficient in N, while majority of soils were medium to high with respect to available P and K. The Soil fertility based fertilizer recommendations were advocated to every individual farmer based on their soil test report for the crop grown. Soil fertility maps were prepared and displayed in the village Panchayat. Bridging of the identified extension and research gaps was planned by proposing relevant technological interventions for the enhancement of livelihoods.

Studies on the Effect of Water Stress on Root Traits in Redgram Genotypes

The experiment was conducted during July–November, 2019 at Regional Agriculture Research Station, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Palem, Nagarkurnool district, Telangana State, India. The main treatments had five red gram genotypes and water stress levels were taken as sub-treatment in 3 replications in factorial RBD using specialized root structure made with cement bricks. There was great variability in the yield performance of different Redgram genotypes under drought conditions. The experiment was conducted to select genotypes with efficient root architecture and associated traits under drought stress. Root studies were performed with the Delta T automatic root scanner. The SPAD chlorophyll meter was used to measure the SCMR value. The present study results revealed that genotype, Maruti showed significant superiority for character plant height and SCMR under non-stress, mild stress and severe stress conditions. The same genotype showed superior values for main root length under control and mild stress. Whereas, Laxmi recorded the highest plant height under severe stress and the same genotype also showed significant superiority for total plant dry weight, root dry weight and root area under severe stress. The genotype Laxmi showed significant character, root area and diameter superiority under mild stress. ICPL-20176 recorded significant superiority for main root length under severe stress and root tip for mild stress. The identified genotypes can be used as the parents in future drought-proof breeding useful for cultivating in water stress conditions.

Identification of Potential Tropical Maize Inbred Lines with Early Maturity for Drought-Prone Environments

The present study was undertaken during October, 2020–January, 2021 at Maize Research Centre, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana state, India to identify potential inbred lines and hybrids with early maturity and high yield through combining ability analysis and heterosis. Six lines and four testers were crossed in L×T design to obtain 24 crosses. Evaluation of these crosses and their parents for combining ability revealed significant differences due to lines, testers and their crosses indicating the existence of wider variability among the material used in the study. Maize line MGC 434 (91 days), two testers GP-170 and PFSR-56 (91 days), and one hybrid MGC-445×PFSR-132 (83 days) were identified as early duration genotypes. Four lines MGC-444 (-3.13), MGC-440 (-2.71), MGC-439 (-1.96) and MGC-445 (-0.46) with significant negative GCA effects were identified as best general combiners for early maturity. Eight hybrids, MGC-439×BML-14 (-4.99), MGC-445×PFSR-56 (-4.65), MGC-461×PFSR-56 (-3.65), MGC-445×PFSR-132 (-3.60), MGC-434×BML-14 (-2.32), MGC-439×GP-170 (-2.10), MGC-440×PFSR-56 (-2.07) and MGC-440×GP-170 (-1.01) with significant negative SCA effects were considered as best cross combinations with early maturity. The inbred parents and cross combinations with early maturity identified in the study can be utilized for development of hybrids suitable to drought prone environments.

Seasonal Incidence of Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and Leafhopper (Empoasca kerri) on Soybean

The investigation titled " seasonal incidence of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and leafhopper (Empoasca kerri) on soybean" was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Adilabad, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University during the kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018. The pooled results revealed that among various sowing dates, namely, 18th - 15th of June (sowing I), 28th - 25th of June (sowing II), 7th - 5th of July (sowing III), 17th - 15th of July (sowing IV), and 27th - 25th of July (sowing V), sowing I recorded the minimum incidence of the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) population (2.00), and the maximum incidence was observed in sowing III (2.77) during kharif 2017. In the kharif season of 2018, the minimum incidence was noted in sowing IV (4.25), while the maximum was observed in sowing II (5.22). Similarly, the incidence of leafhoppers (Empoasca kerri Pruthi) was at its minimum during sowing I (2.99 and 4.41) and reached its maximum during sowing III (3.67 and 6.16) in kharif 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Registration of ‘CLL17’ rice

Abstract‘CLL17’ (Reg. no. CV‐160; PI 693941), a high‐yielding long‐grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed by the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center at the H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station near Crowley, LA, and approved for release in 2020. CLL17 contains the herbicide‐resistant gene for use in the Clearfield rice production system. The Clearfield rice production system is defined as the brand of rice cultivars that are tolerant to imidazolinone herbicides. CLL17 was derived from the cross ‘CL131’/‘Trenasse’. It showed good yield potential and favorable agronomic characteristics in the 2015 Clearfield Preliminary Yield Trial. In 2016, it was evaluated in the uniform regional rice nursery trial across four southern states. From 2017 to 2022, CLL17 was evaluated in 50 replicated trials across 10 locations in Louisiana. Three high‐yielding commercial cultivars were included as checks: ‘Cheniere’, ‘CL153’, and ‘CL111’. The grain yield of CLL17 was 9.0 t ha−1 compared with 8.9 t ha−1 for CL153, 8.3 t ha−1 for CL111, and 8.2 t ha−1 for Cheniere across 25 commercial advanced trials from 2017 to 2020. CLL17 had a similar plant height to CL111, 2‐cm taller than CL153, and 5‐cm taller than Cheniere. It exhibits typical US long‐grain rice cooking quality with intermediate amylose and gel temperature. CLL17 is susceptible to sheath blight [caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn ], resistant to Cercospora spp., leaf blast [caused by Magnaporthe grisea (T.T. Hebert)], and neck blast, and moderately susceptible to bacterial panicle blight (caused by Burkholderia glumae).

Registration of ‘PVL03’ rice

Abstract‘PVL03’ (Reg. no. CV‐159, PI 699656), a Provisia (BASF) long‐grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed by the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center at the H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station near Crowley, LA, and approved for release in 2020. PVL03 is the third rice cultivar released as part of the Provisia Rice System with resistance to Provisia herbicide, containing the active ingredient quizalofop‐p‐ethyl, an AACase (group 1) herbicide. PVL03 was derived from the cross ‘PVL01’/‘Catahoula’. Testing in the Provisia preliminary yield trial in 2018 and the multi‐location trial in 2019 indicated good yield potential and favorable agronomic characteristics. In 2020, PVL03 was evaluated in commercial advanced replicated trials across six locations in Louisiana. Four high‐yielding commercial cultivars were included as checks: ‘PVL02’, PVL01, ‘CL153’, and ‘Cheniere’. The average grain yield of PVL03 was 9.6 t ha−1 compared with 8.0 t ha−1 for PVL02, 8.1 t ha−1 for PVL01, 9.8 t ha−1 for CL153, and 9.1 t ha−1 for Cheniere. PVL03 was shorter than the previous Provisia cultivar, PVL02. The milled grain length was longer than that of PVL02, with a length‐to‐width ratio of 3.0. It has a typical US long‐grain rice cooking quality with intermediate amylose and gelatinization temperature. PVL03 is moderately susceptible to sheath blight and moderately resistant to leaf blast and bacterial panicle blight.

The Growth and Export Competitiveness of Cotton in India

Cotton production is of paramount importance in India due to its significant impact on various aspects of the country's economy, agriculture, and society. This paper studied the Growth, Instability, and export potentials of cotton in India. This is based on secondary data and data analyzed for three periods viz., Period I (1959-60 to 1978-79), Period II (1979-80 to 1998-99), and period III (1999-00 to 2018-19). The study revealed that the growth of production and productivity of cotton in India increased from periods 1 to 3. The overall period bare that the production growth rate of cotton in India increased significantly by 3.5 percent annually, which is because the productivity rate increased significantly by 2.75 percent per annum, whereas the area also increases significantly at a rate of 0.72 percent annually. The relative contribution of area and price effect was positive with high output growth of cotton due to the development of many policies related to area extension and price policy by the government. The RSCA value in 2012 was -0.02 to -0.08, which would be attributed to an increase in domestic demand and a reduction in ambiguity. The results of RCA revealed that India is leading Agriculture Institutions and state Agriculture Universities should focus on developing as high yielding varieties of cotton for cotton export. The government should also support farmers to increase the export and production of cotton in India.

An Ex-post Impact Assessment of Seed-to-Seed Mechanization in Maize in Telangana State, India

In Telangana, India, maize is cultivated in large areas next to rice and cotton. Considering the importance of the crop, Professor Jayashankar Telangana state Agricultural University (PJTSAU) is focusing on the development of new maize hybrids and agro-technologies that increase yield and income for farmers and reduce input and management costs. In order to evaluate the impacts of seed-to-seed mechanization technology, the Economic Surplus (ES) approach was applied in the present study that quantifies aggregate social benefits which includes producer and consumer surplus. Results revealed a total surplus of Rs. 19.61 lakhs, mainly benefiting producers (72.09 per cent) and consumers (27.91 per cent). The investment in seed-to-seed mechanization demonstrated a promising 23 per cent internal rate of return (IRR), a net present value (NPV) of Rs. 3.2 lakhs, and a favorable BC ratio of 1.67:1. The results of study found that the adoption of novel technology increased farm income and reduced the labour cost.

A study on purpose of gathering information in state agricultural universities

A study on purpose of gathering information in state agricultural universities