State-Trait Anxiety Inventory For Adults Research Articles

Implementation of Aromatherapy, a Nonpharmacological Intervention, to Reduce Anxiety During the Preoperative Period

PurposeThe purpose of the project was to answer the following question: Does the implementation of aromatherapy before surgery reduce preoperative anxiety in adult surgical patients undergoing elective surgery? DesignThis evidence-based project was a quality improvement initiative that used pre- and poststate anxiety evaluations to determine the effect of aromatherapy on preoperative anxiety among adults undergoing elective surgery. MethodsThe project team conducted a literature review to evaluate the appropriateness of using aromatherapy to decrease preoperative anxiety. The team delivered pre- and postaromatherapy State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAIAD) Short form Y-1 questionnaire and administered an aromatherapy diffuser clip comprised of three evidence-based scented oils to determine the effect of aromatherapy on preoperative anxiety among adults undergoing elective surgery. FindingsPre- and postaromatherapy (STAIAD) Short Form Y-1 questionnaires indicated that exposure to aromatherapy significantly reduced preoperative anxiety. There was a statistically and clinically significant difference in state anxiety score after aromatherapy exposure, with a mean state change of 17.42 points (P < .001). This exceeded the effect size benchmark derived from the evidence, which defined a significant change in state score as 5 points. Participants above the median age exhibited the most profound decrease in anxiety regardless of gender. Qualitative survey responses indicated that 96% of patients would use preoperative aromatherapy in the future and 91% experienced increased satisfaction with their perioperative care. ConclusionsHeightened physiological response to increased anxiety leads to increased perioperative nausea and vomiting, higher pain scores, and susceptibility to prolonged recovery from surgery. Implementing aromatherapy can reduce anxiety, thereby attenuating these complications and preventing additional accrued cost. Furthermore, this evidence-based project has the added benefit of increasing overall patient satisfaction with the perioperative process.

Feasibility of a meditation intervention for stroke survivors and informal caregivers: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundDepressive symptoms are a significant psychological complication of stroke, impacting both survivors and informal caregivers of survivors. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine optimal non-pharmacological strategies to prevent or ameliorate depressive symptoms in stroke survivors and their informal caregivers.MethodsA prospective, randomized, parallel-group, single-center, feasibility study. Participants were assigned to a 4-week meditation intervention or expressive writing control group. The intervention comprised four facilitator-led group meditation sessions, one session per week and building upon prior session(s). Descriptive statistics were used to examine the proportion of eligible individuals who enrolled, retention and adherence rates, and the proportion of questionnaires completed. Data were collected at baseline, immediately after the 4-week intervention period, and 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention period. Secondary analysis tested for changes in symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression [CES-D]), anxiety [State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI)], and pain (Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form) in the intervention group via paired t tests. Linear mixed models were used to compare longitudinal changes in the measures between the groups. Intervention and trial design acceptability were preliminary explored.ResultsSeventy-one (77%) individuals enrolled and 26 (37%) completed the study (baseline and 8-week post-intervention visits completed). Forty-two (66%) participants completed baseline and immediate post-intervention visits. Mean questionnaire completion rate was 95%. The median meditation group session attendance rate for the intervention group was 75.0%, and the mean attendance rate was 55%. Non-significant reductions in CES-D scores were found. Paired t tests for stroke survivors indicated a significant reduction from baseline through week 8 in BPI-sf severity scores (p = 0.0270). Repeated measures analysis with linear mixed models for informal caregivers indicated a significant reduction in in STAI-Trait scores (F [3,16.2] = 3.28, p = 0.0479) and paired t test showed a significant reduction from baseline to week 4 in STAI-Trait scores (mean = − 9.1250, 95% CI [− 16.8060 to 1.4440], p = 0.0262). No between-group differences were found.ConclusionsFuture trials will require strategies to optimize retention and adherence before definitive efficacy testing of the meditation intervention.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03239132. Registration date: 03/08/2017

Peripartum depression and its predictors: A longitudinal observational hospital-based study

BACKGROUNDDepression is a common problem in women in childbearing years due to burdens of motherhood and building a family. Few studies estimate the prevalence of antepartum depression compared to those in the postpartum period. AIMTo estimate the prevalence and the severities of peripartum depression and major depressive disorder and their predictors.METHODSThis is a longitudinal observation study. It included 200 women scoring ≥ 13 with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, indicating presence of symptoms of depression. They had a gestational age of ≥ 6 wk and did follow-ups until the 10th week to 12th weeks postpartum. Information of women's reactions to life circumstances and stressors during the current pregnancy were gathered from answers to questions of the designed unstructured clinical questionnaire. Severities of depression, anxiety, and parenting stress were determined by the Beck Depre-ssion Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults, and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, respectively. Psychiatric interviewing was done to confirm the diagnosis of major depression. Measuring the levels of triiodothronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was done in both antepartum and postpartum periods.RESULTSOut of 968 (mean age = 27.35 ± 6.42 years), 20.66% (n = 200) of the patients had clinically significant symptoms of depression and 7.44% had major depression. Previous premenstrual dysphoria, post-abortive depression, and depression unrelated to pregnancy and were reported in 43%, 8%, and 4.5% of the patients, respectively. Psychosocial stressors were reported in 15.5% of the patients. Antepartum anxiety and parenting stress were reported in 90.5% and 65% of the patients, respectively. Postpartum T3, T4, and TSH levels did not significantly differ from reference values. Regression analysis showed that anxiety trait was a predictor for antepartum (standardized regression coefficients = 0.514, t = 8.507, P = 0.001) and postpartum (standardized regression coefficients = 0.573, t = 0.040, P = 0.041) depression. Antepartum depression (standardized regression coefficients = -0.086, t = -2.750, P = 0.007), and parenting stress (standardized regression coefficients = 0.080, t = 14.34, P = 0.0001) were also predictors for postpartum depression.CONCLUSIONResults showed that 20.66% of the patients had clinically significant symptoms of depression and 7.44% had major depression. Anxiety was a predictor for antepartum and postpartum depression. Antepartum depression and parenting stress were also predictors for postpartum depression.

REDUCING CAREGIVER BURDEN: GROUP PSYCHOEDUCATION FOR CAREGIVERS OF PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA

<h3>Introduction</h3> Dementia is a growing problem, with the WHO projecting 83 million people with dementia internationally by 2030(1). More than 60 percent of people with dementia in the US are cared for by an informal, unpaid caregiver(2). Rates of depression and anxiety among caregivers of people with AD are higher than the rates of anxiety and depression in caregivers of people with other disabilities(3). There are limited studies comparing modalities od interventions for caregivers of people with dementia, ie virtual v in person. This study addressed whether an interactive caregiver psychoeducation course relives caregiver burden equally when delivered virtually compared to in person. <h3>Methods</h3> This study provided interactive psychoeducation sessions (1 hr /wk for 8 weeks) followed by two one hour strategy workshops. Research participants were assigned to virtual, in person or a control group. Participants were given questionaries pre, midway (wk5), and post psychoeducation (wk 9) and post strategy workshops (wk13). The measures utilized in these questionaries are the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI), The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and the post participation satisfaction questionnaire. <h3>Results</h3> Preliminary results show CES-D Participants trend toward improvement, week 5 to week 9 change modest (Lower score on CED-D Improvement) STAI Increase in positive score (Increase on "positive" STAI Improvement) and Decreased in negative score between baseline and week 5, but not week 9 (Decrease on "negative" STAI and PANAS Improvement) PANAS Increase in positive score (Increase on "positive" STAI Improvement) and Decreased in negative score between baseline and week 5, but a rebound in week 9 (Decrease on "negative" PANAS Improvement) PSS-10 Decrease across timepoints (Decrease on PSS-10 Improvement) <h3>Conclusions</h3> Based on preliminary analysis, trends for the virtual psychoeducation group do suggest improvement, but variability between scores within the small size of the sample thus far means that no results are statistically significant. Given the power analysis, this is expected. Conclusions are limited due to the ongoing nature of this study and small sample size. <h3>This research was funded by</h3> EVMS CRG grant funded Chart: https://apps.aagponline.org/abstracts/uploads/2022/83z17g1ropx5q1m.pdf

A framework and serious game for decision making in stressful situations; a fire evacuation scenario

Decision making is a core cognitive process of human behaviour that is often affected by stress. Whilst we make several decisions on a daily basis, firefighters in particular are called to make important decisions in a split second and within life-threatening settings. Stress can therefore impact their ability to perform and carry out their job. The implications of stress are similarly important in other settings requiring high-vigilance. In this paper, we aim to contribute to efforts to better train firefighters in decision making in stressful situations through a serious game solution. The game was designed based on the Stress Exposure Training (SET) approach and in accordance with typical stressors identified in the literature. Those were then mapped to relevant game mechanics. The evaluation of the resulting game was twofold: A. to assess its ability to increase participants’ stress level, and B. to investigate whether decision making performance would be improved for participants under stress. The proposed framework and the prototype were evaluated through empirical research that consisted of the participants’ self-reported stress levels using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI) and the participants’ physiological measurements, namely galvanic skin response (GSR) and heart rate (HR). Our results demonstrate the potential of serious games to assist towards training of firefighters to make better decisions under stressful situations. Our findings are of wider importance as they contribute to ongoing efforts to improve decision making under stress in a variety of settings and scenarios.

Guided imagery intervention for the treatment of tension-type headache associated with state-trait anxiety

Introduction: Guided imagery (GI) is a mind–body intervention, in which individuals generate mental images of pleasant objects or events in their minds. These mental images produce positivity and alter the perception of headaches and other pain disorders. A review of literature suggests that GI is an effective psychological treatment for tension-type headache (TTH) and state-trait anxiety. Hence, the present study aimed to assess the efficacy of GI on TTH associated with state-trait anxiety and to compare its efficacy with treatment as usual (TAU). Materials and Methods: Forty treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with TTH were selected from the psychiatry outpatient department through purposive sampling method. The Henry Ford Hospital Headache Disability Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults were administered on all the patients for baseline data. Experimental group (n = 20) were given eight sessions of GI along with TAU for 2 months, whereas waitlist group (n = 20) were given only TAU. Results: A Significant positive association was obtained between emotional and functional disability of headache and state-trait anxiety at baseline. Postassessment findings demonstrated a significant reduction in severity and frequency of TTH, emotional and functional disability, and state-trait anxiety in the experimental group receiving GI as compared to the waitlist group. Conclusion: Patients living with TTH more commonly suffer from state-trait anxiety. Those patients who were given GI along with TAU for 2 months improved on severity and frequency of TTH, emotional and functional disability of TTH, and state-trait anxiety more effectively than those patients receiving only TAU. Consequently, it can be said that GI is an effective treatment for TTH and state-trait anxiety as compared to TAU.

THE EFFECT OF PREOPERATIVE EDUCATION ON ANXIETY LEVELS AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE SURGERY

Introduction: Preoperative anxiety is a common attitude in patients scheduled to undergo r surgery and represents with psychological and physical disturbances affecting postoperative recovery and quality of life (QoL). Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the effect of preoperative education on preoperative and postoperative anxiety and postoperative QoLin patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and inguinal hernia (IH) repair, without prior surgical experience. Methods: Patients scheduled to underwent LC and IH repair were randomly assigned to control group (CG) and to interventional group (IG). The 'State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults' questionnaire was used to validate anxiety before surgery and after 3 months postoperatively. The 36- item Medical Outcomes Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to investigate mental, physical and emotional domains of QoL. The CG was received only routine information by doctors. The IG received additionally oral information plus a booklet from an experienced surgical nurse. Data analyzed using paired and unpaired t-test and Αnova tests. The level of statistical signicance was set at ≤ 5%. Results: Four hundred and fty patients were scheduled to undergo either LC or IH repair, with 200 assigned to the IG and 250 to the CG. Age, sex, marital status and educational level were similar in both groups. Postoperative State anxiety was signicantly lower in IG (p&lt;0.001). Patients of the IG showed greater improvement in all of the SF-36 scale domains, specically in physical functionality (p&lt;0.001), physical role (p&lt;0.001), physical pain (p&lt;0.001), general health (p&lt;0.001), vitality (p&lt;0.001), social functionality (p&lt;0.001), emotional role (p&lt;0.001) and mental health (p&lt;0.001). There was not mortality or signicant morbidity in both groups. Conclusion: Preoperative education by an experienced nurse with oral and written information improves perioperative state anxiety and QoL. This method could be used for all surgical patients, irrespective for the surgical procedure.

Restless leg syndrome in patients with chronic kidney disease: a hospital-based study from Upper Egypt

Objectives Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause of restless leg syndrome (RLS). RLS is under-recognized, misdiagnosed and undertreated disorder in our locality. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of RLS due to CKD and its predictors. Methods This cross-sectional study included 520 patients [male = 200; female = 320; age: 48.45 ± 3.63yrs; uremia duration: 6.44 ± 1.65yrs; CKD5D = 400; CKD3D = 120). RLS diagnosis was done by clinical interviewing according to International RLS Study Group criteria. All underwent detailed biochemical testing and iron and ferritin levels’ measurements. Insomnia, depression and anxiety severities were assessed using insomnia sleep index (ISI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI-AD) scales. Results RLS was found in 22.31% [ESKD = 26%, CKD3D = 10%]. Insomnia, depression and anxiety were found in 76.15%, 91.15% and 44.23%, respectively. Insomnia was correlated with depression (r = 0.488, p = 0.001) and anxiety (r = 0.360, p = 0.006) but not RLS. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that ESKD (OR = 3.8, 95%CI = 2.5–8.5, p = 0.001), inadequate dialysis (OR = 4.6, 95%CI = 3.5–8.6, p = 0.001), hyperparathyroidism (OR = 5.1, 95%CI 3.2–13.7, p = 0.0001) and peripheral neuropathy (OR = 5.6, 95%CI = 3.8–12.8, p = 0.0001) were independently associated with RLS. Conclusion The prevalence of RLS with CKD is 22.31%. It is 2.6 times more frequent and severe with ESKD compared to CKD3D. It seems that RLS may occur early with CKD and becomes worse with progressive kidney impairment. Also, insomnia, depression and anxiety are common with CKD, however, their severities were not correlated with RLS. Predictors for RLS were ESKD, inadequacy of dialysis, hyperparathyroidism and peripheral neuropathy.

Effectiveness of Music Interventions to Reduce Test Anxiety in Pharmacy Students.

Background: The main objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of a classroom activity involving music on anxiety associated with preparing for and taking an assessment. Methods: Two hundred and two (202) pharmacy students were randomly assigned to one of two conditions of the experimental study: active music playing (n = 103) versus passive music listening (n = 99). All students completed a pre-test, a mid-test, and a post-test including: an “Attitudes and Perceptions” survey, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI Survey), and a knowledge assessment. Data were analyzed to determine the impact each of the music interventions had on students’ test anxiety. Results: Both types of musical interventions produced similar results in terms of anxiety reduction. Faced with an upcoming test prior to the musical intervention, average state-trait anxiety scores increased; after the musical intervention, state-trait anxiety scores decreased. Conclusions: The use of music helped to reduce test anxiety, even after one brief musical intervention, regardless of whether students passively listened to music or actively played music.

1502. Psychological Stress and Anxiety among Parents of Children Younger than 5 Years Hospitalized with RSV

BackgroundRespiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is one of the most common causes of childhood lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) worldwide. While financial burdens have been documented, there are few data on parental psychological stress associated with RSV hospitalizations. We evaluated the psychological stress and anxiety of parents whose children were hospitalized with RSV.MethodsDuring the 2019-2020 RSV season, parents with children < 5 years of age hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed RSV LRTI at Primary Children’s and Riverton Hospitals in Salt Lake City, Utah, were surveyed in person, and online after discharge. As part of the survey, parents completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAIAD) instrument (short form) and the parental stressor scale (PSS). We evaluated the difference in parental stress and anxiety reported during hospitalization and at 2-weeks post-discharge using a paired t-test.ResultsAmong 284 Salt Lake County resident children < 5 years, and hospitalized with RSV LRTI, 75 (26%) and 57 (20%) parents completed both surveys on admission and at 2-weeks post-discharge respectively. In 11 of 20 STAIAD items gauging stress and anxiety, parents reported higher levels of stress and anxiety whilst their children were admitted compared to post-discharge (Table 1). Parents’ average score on several items associated with a “positive outlook,” e.g. I feel calm, significantly improved (p < 0.05) at 2-weeks post-discharge. Similarly, several items associated with a “negative outlook,” e.g. I am worried, significantly decreased (p < 0.05) at 2-weeks post-discharge (Table 1). For the PSS items, ≥ 50% of parents rated 15 out of 25 as being “very or extremely stressful”, including: feeling helpless about how to help my baby; my baby’s unusual or abnormal breathing; and when my baby seemed to be in pain (Table 2).Estimates of Psychological Burden of RSV lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) Hospitalization of Children <5 Years of Age on Parents: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAIAD) Estimates of Psychological Burden of RSV lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) Hospitalization of Children <5 Years of Age on Parents: Parental Stressor Scale (PSS) ConclusionRSV LRTI hospitalization among children < 5 years of age, imposed a significant psychological stress and anxiety on parents, which generally persisted up to 2-weeks post-discharge. Prevention of RSV infection through vaccines and immunoprophylaxis will help ease parental psychological burden associated with RSV hospitalization.DisclosuresKrow Ampofo, MBChB, Merck (Grant/Research Support) Yoonyoung Choi, PhD, MS, RPh, Merck (Employee) Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS, Merck & Co Inc, (Employee)

Art Heals: Randomized Controlled Study Investigating the Effect of a Dedicated In-house Art Gallery on the Recovery of Patients After Major Oncologic Surgery.

We sought to investigate the effect of exposure to a dedicated art gallery during the perioperative period on the recovery of patients undergoing major oncologic procedures. Eighty patients were randomized into 2 arms; standard of care versus exposure to art. All patients completed a survey assessing their baseline art knowledge, and 4 poststudy validated questionnaires assessing their pain (Pain Rating Scale), hope (Herth Hope Index), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults), and mental wellbeing (Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale). A linear model adjusted for baseline scores was run comparing the scores among the 2 study arms. Stepwise multivariate regression analyses were used to identify predictors of improved pain, hope, anxiety, and wellbeing. Both groups were comparable in terms of demographics, passion, and knowledge about art. There was no statistically significant difference in pain scores between the 2 groups. The exposure to art group experienced higher hope (2.4 points higher vs 0.05, P = 0.004), lower anxiety (8 points lower vs -0.9, P < 0.0001), and higher mental well-being scores (5.23 points higher vs -0.05, P < 0.0001) in comparison to the standard of care group. On multivariate analyses, exposure to art was significantly associated with improved hope, anxiety, and mental well-being after adjusting for patient and disease characteristics. Dedicated exposure to art was associated with improved hope, anxiety, and mental well-being of patients after major oncologic surgery.

Identifying mental health status using deep neural network trained by visual metrics

Mental health is an integral part of the quality of life of cancer patients. It has been found that mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety, are more common in cancer patients. They may result in catastrophic consequences, including suicide. Therefore, monitoring mental health metrics (such as hope, anxiety, and mental well-being) is recommended. Currently, there is lack of objective method for mental health evaluation, and most of the available methods are limited to subjective face-to-face discussions between the patient and psychotherapist. In this study we introduced an objective method for mental health evaluation using a combination of convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) algorithms learned and validated by visual metrics time-series. Data were recorded by the TobiiPro eyeglasses from 16 patients with cancer after major oncologic surgery and nine individuals without cancer while viewing18 artworks in an in-house art gallery. Pre-study and post-study questionnaires of Herth Hope Index (HHI; for evaluation of hope), anxiety State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI; for evaluation of anxiety) and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS; for evaluation of mental well-being) were completed by participants. Clinical psychotherapy and statistical suggestions for cutoff scores were used to assign an individual’s mental health metrics level during each session into low (class 0), intermediate (class 1), and high (class 2) levels. Our proposed model was used to objectify evaluation and categorize HHI, STAI, and WEMWBS status of individuals. Classification accuracy of the model was 93.81%, 94.76%, and 95.00% for HHI, STAI, and WEMWBS metrics, respectively. The proposed model can be integrated into applications for home-based mental health monitoring to be used by patients after oncologic surgery to identify patients at risk.

Assessing the effectiveness of a pediatrician-led newborn parenting class on maternal newborn-care knowledge, confidence and anxiety: A quasi-randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe postpartum hospital stay is a unique opportunity for clinicians to educate parents on the importance of promoting early child development. Pediatricians are well-positioned to address both medical and developmental concerns during critical periods of development, yet very few parenting interventions are led by pediatricians. AimsTo assess the impact of a novel one-hour long pediatrician-led Newborn Class on maternal knowledge, confidence, and anxiety. MethodsWe conducted a quasi-randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the Newborn Class. First-time mothers who delivered a full-term singleton vaginally with no major complications and attended the class were recruited. Mothers who expressed a desire to attend the class but were discharged before a class was offered served as controls. Outcome measuresMaternal self-perceived parental confidence and anxiety were measured using standardized scales [Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale (KPCS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI-AD)]. Knowledge on newborn care was assessed using a novel scale. ResultsA total of 84 participants (intervention n = 36, control n = 48) were included in the study. Mothers who attended the class showed significantly higher levels of knowledge compared to the control group (Knowledge test, Two-tailed t-test, mean [SD], 8.08 [1.06] vs 6.78 [1.25]; P<0.001) as well as significantly higher parenting confidence levels (KPCS, Two-tailed t-test, mean [SD], 39.31 [3.88] vs 35.20 [3.99]; P<0.001). No change was observed in the overall level of anxiety (STAI-AD, Two-tailed t-test, mean [SD], 35.50 [8.73] vs 38.5 [9.53]; P=0.164). ConclusionsA short pediatrician-led parenting intervention may be an effective tool in improving maternal confidence and newborn care knowledge. Given the importance of the newborn period in establishing healthy developmental trajectories, there is a crucial need for cost- and time-effective intervention that can be widely implemented to promote parental knowledge and confidence with the ultimate goal of fostering healthy development in children.

Correction.

British Journal of Clinical PsychologyVolume 59, Issue 2 p. 276-276 CorrectionFree Access Correction This article corrects the following: The development of a six-item short-form of the state scale of the Spielberger State—Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Theresa M. Marteau, Hilary Bekker, Volume 31Issue 3British Journal of Clinical Psychology pages: 301-306 First Published online: July 12, 2011 First published: 09 January 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12243Citations: 2AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat In the paper by Theresa M. Marteau and Hilary Bekker (1992), The development of a six-item short-form of the state scale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the following correction has been made in the associated appendix, Appendix A: Self-evaluation questionnaire (Y-6 item). A citation to the original copyright holder of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scale had been omitted from the appendix. The 6-item questionnaire validated in this study is replaced with a sample item and instructions made available by Mind Garden illustrating the format of the 20-item Spielberger State Anxiety Scale (https://www.mindgarden.com/145-state-trait-anxiety-inventory-for-adults#horizontalTab2). It is accompanied by the following copyright citation, ‘Reproduction by special permission of the Publisher, Mind Garden, Inc., www.mindgarden.com from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults by Charles D. Spielberger. Copyright © 1968, 1977 by Charles D. Spielberger. Further Reproduction is prohibited without the Publisher's written consent. This is not an assessment. Selected sample items only’. Reference Marteau, T. M., & Bekker, H. (1992). The development of a six-item short-form of the state scale of the Spielberger State—Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31, 301– 306. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00997.x Citing Literature Volume59, Issue2June 2020Pages 276-276 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Mindful awareness for female dental students through yoga, motivational video, and a combination of two on stress reduction.

Objective:Assessment of the potential effect of yoga, motivational videos, and a combination of two on stress reduction in female dental students.Methods:The current study design is a nonrandomized trial carried out among female dental students (n = 120). The selected subjects were allocated into three groups, namely, group A: yoga group assigned under a professional yoga instructor, group B: motivational video group, and group C: a combination of two (A and B) involving yoga sessions and motivational videos; following which formative examinations were carried out at 6 weeks which were referred to as stressor 1 and those carried out at 12 weeks were referred to as stressor 2. Using Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI-A) recordings were measured at baseline, stressor 1, and stressor 2.Results:There was a significant decrease in trait anxiety scores at both stressors in all the groups with a significant reduction in depression score from stressor 1 to 2 in group 1 and group 3 subjects. The significant decrease occurred in STAI-A scores in group 1 and group 3 subjects at both stressors (P < 0.001) with no change observed in group 2 subjects.Conclusion:The present study is one of a kind and positively correlates yoga and motivational videos with stress reduction. Both of these interventions proved to be beneficiary for physical as well as mental health of study subjects.

Three-dimensional laparoscopy in urology: Initial experience after 100 cases

To evaluate the efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopy in urological procedures in a cohort study compared to two-dimensional (2D) laparoscopy. From October 2016 to August 2017, 100 patients underwent various urological procedures with 3D laparoscopy performed by a single experienced surgeon at the University Medical Centre of Ho Chi Minh City. The surgeon's subjective assessment of image quality, depth perception, ease of intra-corporeal suturing and knotting was recorded. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI-6) short version was used to quantify aspects of stress experienced during each operative procedure. A subgroup of 73 complicated 3D laparoscopic procedures (nephron sparing nephrectomy, nephrectomy, adrenalectomy, pyeloplasty and ureterolithotomy) was compared to the same clinical parameter group of 74 two-dimensional laparoscopic procedures, performed by the same surgeon in the year before to define the differencesin operative time, blood loss and time taken for critical surgical steps during the procedures. Mean time of operation was 112.8min±14.5 (range 45-210min). Mean estimated blood loss was 54.7mL±8.2 (range 20-100mL). The surgeon's subjective assessment of image quality, depth perception, operative strain, ease of intra-corporeal suturing, and knotting, and hand-eye coordination was considered as good in 100% of cases. Mean score of STAI-6 was 11.6±2.17 (range 10-22). Subgroup data analysis was all statistically better for 3D compared to 2D. The use of 3D systems in laparoscopic urologic procedures resulted in better image quality and better surgeon performance with lower stress.

Effect of Gaze Stability Exercises on Chronic Motion Sensitivity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Motion sensitivity is a common condition among the general population and may be accompanied by postural instability and anxiety. Preliminary studies suggest that minimal dosage of gaze stability exercises improves postural stability in young adults with chronic motion sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of progressive gaze stability exercises on postural stability, motion sensitivity, and anxiety in healthy young adults with chronic motion sensitivity. We conducted a single-blind randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of gaze stability exercises on chronic motion sensitivity. Forty-one participants of both genders ages 20 to 40 years with chronic motion sensitivity were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The intervention group performed gaze stability exercises while the sham group performed saccadic eye movement exercises for 6 weeks. Computerized Dynamic Posturography with Immersion Virtual Reality (CDP-IVR)-condition 1 (C1) and condition 2 (C2)-Motion Sensitivity Quotient (MSQ), Motion Sickness Sensitivity Susceptibility Questionnaire Short Form (MSSQ-Short: MSA, MSB), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI Form Y-2) were the outcome measures used. There was no significant group × time interaction for MSA, MSB, MSSQ percentile, STAI, MSQ, C1 mean, or C2 mean. However, posttreatment a significant difference in the mean CDP-IVR score of C2 was identified between the 2 groups. For C2, the intervention group demonstrated a 117% increase in the mean CDP-IVR score compared with a 35.2% increase in the sham group. MSQ reduced significantly from baseline to 6 weeks postintervention in the intervention group (4.0 ± 1.2 vs 1.9 ± 0.9). Anxiety was significantly reduced in the sham group only (38.2 ± 1.9 vs 35.8 ± 2.2). Based on the results of this study, progressive gaze stability exercises appear to have value for managing chronic motion sensitivity in healthy young adults. Further research with larger sample size and broader age range is needed to generalize these findings.Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A203).

The effects of self-talk on free throw performance and the level of anxiety among male novice basketball players

The present study has been conducted to investigate the effects of self-talk on free throw performance and the level of anxiety among male novice basketball players. Forty-eight (48) male novice basketball players (22.27 ± 1.47 years) was selected. The participants were assigned into four matched groups of twelve (12) participants: instructional self-talk (IST), motivational self-talk (MST) and the combination of instructional and motivational self-talk (CIMST) and control. Throw accuracy and anxiety’s level were measured on a 5-point scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI). Training protocol contains a pre-test and post-test to indicate the intervention effect on anxiety level and free throw performance. The participants compete against each other to get the highest score in post free throw performance. The data were analyzed by using mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA). The finding showed that state and trait anxiety level of post-intervention was significantly lower than pre-intervention in all groups (p&lt;.05). The results of free throw performance showed the instructional self-talk intervention group was significantly improved from pre-intervention to post-intervention followed by the combination of instructional and motivational self-talk intervention group, motivational self-talk intervention group and control group (p&lt;.05). However, there was no significant differences in anxiety level and free throw performance among all groups (p&gt;.05). Therefore, it is recommended that self-talk can be used to enhance the free throw performance and reduce the anxiety’s level for the novice athletes.

Development and evaluation of a newborn care education programme in primiparous mothers in Nepal

Backgroundthe health and survival of newborns depend on high levels of attention and care from caregivers. The growth and development of some infants are unhealthy because of their mother's or caregiver's lack of knowledge or the use of inappropriate or traditional child-rearing practices that may be harmful. Objectiveto develop a newborn care educational programme and evaluate its impact on infant and maternal health in Nepal. Designa randomised controlled trial. Participantsone hundred and forty-three mothers were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=69) and control (n=74) groups. Eligible participants were primiparous mothers who had given birth to a single, full-term, healthy infant, and were without a history of obstetric, medical, or psychological problems. Methodsprior to being discharged from the postnatal unit, the intervention group received our structured newborn care education programme, which consisted of one-on-one educational sessions lasting 10–15minutes each and one postpartum follow-up telephone support within two weeks after discharge, in addition to the hospital's routine general newborn care education. The control group received only the regular general newborn care education. Outcomes were measured by using Newborn care Knowledge Questionnaires, Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults and infant health and care status. Findingsthe number of mothers attending the health centre due to the sickness of their babies was significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group. Moreover, the intervention group had significant increases in newborn care knowledge and confidence, and decreases in anxiety, compared with the control group. Conclusionsthe structured newborn care education programme enhanced the infant and mother health. Moreover, it increased maternal knowledge of newborn care and maternal confidence; and reduced anxiety in primiparous mothers. Thus, this educational programme could be integrated into routine educational programs to promote maternal and infant well-being in Nepalese society.

Abstract C17: Racial/ethnic variation in psychological distress following an abnormal Pap test

Abstract Introduction: While racial/ethnic disparities in cervical cancer incidence are mostly attributed to screening test utilization, lower rates of adherence to diagnostic and clinical follow-up after an abnormal Pap test may contribute to the higher cervical cancer mortality among racial/ethnic minorities. Psychological distress is a known contributor to non-adherence to diagnostic and therapeutic follow-up. The objective of this analysis is to explore racial/ethnic differences in distress following an abnormal Pap. Methods: Data were collected as part of a clinical trial to evaluate emerging optical technologies for the diagnosis of cervical dysplasia. Participants were non-pregnant women, age ≥18 years, with a recent abnormal Pap test and were recruited at one of the participating colposcopy clinics. Participants answered questionnaires before and after their colposcopy procedure. Distress regarding the abnormal Pap was assessed using the Cervical Dysplasia Distress Questionnaire (CDDQ). The CDDQ measures multiple domains of distress, including those related to the colposcopy procedure (i.e., Tension and Discomfort, Embarrassment), as well as those related to having a positive screening test for cervical cancer (i.e., Health Consequences, Sexual/Reproductive Consequences). Additional items assessed participants' fear of cancer. Subscale scores range from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating higher levels of distress. Linear regression models were built to assess the differences in distress scores among Hispanic, non-Hispanic black, and non-Hispanic white women after controlling for age and education (Model 1) and age, education, trait anxiety and depression (Model 2). Trait anxiety and depression were respectively measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD) scale. Results: Eighty-five Hispanic, 55 non-Hispanic black, and 86 non-Hispanic white women were included in these analyses. After controlling for age and education, there were statistically significant differences by race/ethnicity in distress scores, particularly for the domains of health consequences (p=0.02) and cancer worry (p = 0.014). In both domains, scores were highest among Hispanic women, compared to non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white women (mean health consequences scores = 2.45, 2.02, and 2.16, respectively; mean cancer worry scores = 2.02, 1.62, and 1.75, respectively). Furthermore, these racial/ethnic differences in domain-specific distress remained statistically significant after controlling for differences in underlying depression and trait anxiety. Discussion: Our results suggest that there are racial/ethnic differences in levels of distress following an abnormal Pap test, particularly related to concerns over health consequences and fear of cancer. Distress scores in these domains were significantly greater among Hispanic women compared to non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites. Hispanic women may be more likely to perceive that their abnormal Pap test will have long-term health consequences and develop into cancer. Clinical and ancillary health professionals who communicate Pap test results to Hispanic patients should reinforce messages to address unrealistic fears about disease and alleviate distress. Citation Format: Jane R. Montealegre, Michael E. Scheurer, Eileen H. Shinn, Thelma Carrillo, Zuber Mulla, Michele Follen, Karen Basen-Engquist. Racial/ethnic variation in psychological distress following an abnormal Pap test. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C17.