State Support Research Articles

The mechanism of state support for technology transfer in the agro-industrial complex of the Novosibirsk region

The mechanism of state support for technology transfer in the agro-industrial complex of the Novosibirsk region

The Strategy of Digital twin Implementation at the Cyber-Physical Enterprises

The strategy of digital twin (DT) implementation at the cyber-physical enterprises is proposed, which is due to the need for high-quality and effective reconstruction of Ukraine. The TISM and MICMAC methods are used to study the factors that influence the strategy of DT implementation to support the guaranteed functioning of a cyber-physical system. 13 main factors, that determine strategy success, were identified, and a model of strategy realization was built in the form of a six-level interaction diagram (digraph). The factors are classified by influence and dependence. The substantiated conclusion is that the state support of DT implementation strategy, the availability of design standards, data protection methods, legislative regulation and implementation experience by other enterprises are key factors to the success of strategy for DT implementation at the enterprise.

Opportunities and Challenges in Cross-Country Collaboration: Insights from the Beneluxa Initiative.

National pricing and reimbursement agencies face growing challenges with complex health technologies, prompting European policy advancements. Beneluxa is a cross-country collaboration involving Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Austria, and Ireland that aims to address sustainable access to medicines. In view of the soon-to-be-implemented EU HTA Regulation, insights and experiences from stakeholders with Beneluxa cross-country collaboration could provide possible transferable learnings. Therefore, this research aims to (i) identify the opportunities and challenges faced by Beneluxa, (ii) gather insights from stakeholders, namely (possible) applicants and policymakers, within and beyond Beneluxa on the initiative and broader cross-country collaboration principles, and (iii) transfer these insights into learnings and recommendations in anticipation of the full implementation of the new HTA Regulation. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with industry and European HTA/policy stakeholders. The principal challenges discussed by stakeholders encompass hesitancy from the industry toward Beneluxa assessments, which were attributed to procedural and timeline uncertainties, legislative framework ambiguity, and challenges in terms of industry's internal organization. Another challenge highlighted is the resource-intensive nature of the procedure due to diverse approaches among member states. In addition, industry stakeholders mentioned limited communication and procedural complexity. Despite challenges, both stakeholder groups recognized important opportunities for cross-country collaboration. Transferable insights for future cross-country collaboration include transparent communication, clear legislative embedding, internal industry restructuring to facilitate joint HTAs, and member state support for conducting collaborative assessments. The study underscores diverging views among stakeholders on cross-country collaboration's potential to support HTA and the market access of complex health technologies. While acknowledging benefits, there still are challenges, including industry hesitancy, emphasizing the need for transparent communication and clear guidance in the evolving EU HTA landscape.

State support for small agribusiness in the Russian Federation

The system of measures of state support for representatives of small forms of business in the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation was analyzed. The types and conditions for receiving subsidies, loans, specialized grants and industry programs in this area were assessed. Together, all this made it possible to determine the most effective of them for the purpose of practical application to stimulate not only the quantitative, but also the qualitative composition of small agribusiness in the modern conditions of the Republic of Belarus.

Regulating Foreign Economic Activity of Enterprises of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy in Russia in Conditions of Global Crisis

Non-ferrous metallurgy, as one of principle industries of Russian economy, since the beginning of the global geopolitical crisis has been facing a number of serious problems, including distribution restrictions. In such circumstances iron and steel companies need state support. To develop foreign economic activity business requires not only fast re-orientation to new markets but also thorough help. In case of situation deterioration direct regulation of foreign economic activity of producers will become important. In view of this setting-up of a specialized agency, which could supervise foreign economic activity of the most important industries and support key enterprises can be useful. Its functions can include talks and contract operations and compensations for companies with short-received profits under their contracts. In such cases key factors affecting the amount of compensation shall be taken into account. The author proposed a formula, which can help estimations made by the agency.

The Use of Content-Marketing in Complex Development of Non-Urbanized Territories in Russia

The article deals with practical aspects of using content-marketing to improve social and economic appeal and complex development of non-urbanized territories in Russia. The author showed that the process of business climate development on territories with low population density is a whole complex of measures. In practice they are connected with target positioning of each region and spot lighting of its concrete benefits for potential partners and economically active people, who would like to swap their megalopolis for more placid life and realize themselves beyond big cities. It was shown that content-marketing can serve as a universal tool for resolving problems of regional development in Russia. It is based on approaches of step-by-step bringing the target audience to decisionmaking about buying goods, services or taking part in an investment project. In case of Russian regions it means a decision to invest in the region, set up highly-technological enterprises or business connected with agriculture. At the same time entrepreneurs could get an additional incentive for realizing their ideas in the form of state support with a broad range of tax privileges and subsidies and as maximum – availability of a preferential zone in the region, where state is interested in creating jobs and intensive development of a concrete territory. It was underlined that in Russia preferential zones are mainly arranged on non-urbanized territories far from big cities and agglomerations. The article provided examples of content-marketing functioning in promotion of existing highlytechnological enterprises and business-projects being developed now in every region of the country. The use of successful experience in developing regions was studied also on less successful territories, which require operative alterations in their positioning. A conclusion was drawn that high-quality positioning of the region is a secure investment in its development and a universal tool for sustainable development of non-urbanized territories in Russia.

A composite monotheism? Pakistani state identity and support to the Khalistan movement, post 1984

ABSTRACT Societal constructivists argue that domestic discourses of identity influence foreign policy. After the 1984 pogroms, Pakistan began its efforts to cultivate support among India’s Sikhs. This was predicated on cultivating a shared ‘monotheistic’ identity, which made Sikhism closer to Islam, as compared to Hinduism/India. The paper analyzes how the Pakistani state crafted this narrative using the popular radio show ‘Talqeen Shah’, and also delve into its wider conceptual implications. Specifically, we illustrate how the Pakistani state, even after undergoing Islamization under the Zia regime, projected an external identity that was at odds with its dominant representation.

Notes from the Editors, July-August 2024

buy this issue While Israel's horrific assaults on the people of Gaza continue, the voices against the U.S. support for the Zionist state grow ever-louder. This spring, the fight spilled onto college campuses. In this month's "Notes," MR editors take the long view, starting with the Free Speech Movement over half a century ago.

Conceptualizing Linguistic and Cultural Identity among Breton and Arabic Users in Brittany

The linguistic diversity of France is a highly discussed topic, particularly in relation to the French state's (lack of) support for regional and minority languages (RMLs). There are approximately 200,000 speakers of the regional language Breton, while Arabic is the second-most widely spoken language in France with an estimated 3–4 million speakers. Recent studies have called for comparative analyses and this research seeks to fill this gap, focusing on individual speakers and their social experiences as they relate to language(s), diversity, and identity. This paper discusses findings of fieldwork conducted in Brittany with Breton and Arabic language users, examining how Breton and Arabic language users describe their language experiences, and how identity can be shaped by language practices. This research also explores how such language practices relate to diversity and multilingualism across France more broadly, and how individuals understand the multifaceted nature of identity using terms such as ‘double culture’ and ‘mélange’.

Introduction: remobilisation within Porous polities: ex-combatants’ claims-making in post-colonial Indonesia, Vietnam and Mozambique

This special issue addresses the challenges that former freedom fighters faced in post-colonial Indonesia, Vietnam and Mozambique under porous political and difficult economic conditions within the new societies they helped to create. Drawing on the concept of contentious politics, the contributions in this special issue critically engage with notions of ‘reintegration’, demonstrating the political obstacles, economic uncertainties, and the reoccurrence of violence. The articles concern themselves with how ex-combatants attempted to secure a livelihood in post-colonial polities and adapt to new socio-political realities within newly created states and societies in flux. Ex-combatants’ claims stemmed from having risked their lives for independence but also from a marked feeling of being left out as new, independent states formed around them. The contributions seek out the limits of the contested nature of ex-combatants’ claims-making via its social, economic, political but also its psychosocial dimensions. Taken together, the contributions put in perspective disillusion, political contention by violent and non-violent means, and the limits of state support.

Comparative Analysis of the Quality of Working Life in Ukraine and in EU Countries

The quality of working life is an influential factor in determining the direction of labor movement between countries and between corporations within a country. Countries that offer the best living conditions, financial state support, social integration programs, decent working conditions and wages have become the center of attraction for Ukrainian refugees after the beginning of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the quality of working life in Ukraine and the European Union to assess the possibilities of returning refugees to Ukraine and attracting new labor from European countries during its recovery and implementation of steps towards sustainable development. A comparative analysis of key characteristics of the quality of working life shows that Ukraine is significantly inferior to EU countries. Macroeconomic conditions, employment rate and share of informal employment, income and wages, length of working week and annual guaranteed leave are key groups of indicators that require attention and direct or indirect influence to adjust them to the EU average. The article identifies the priority tasks for bridging the gap between the quality of working life in Ukraine and European countries, in particular by eliminating structural imbalances in the labor market.

Why Do States Adhere to the Sustainable Development Goals?

AbstractThe rationale behind state support for, and obedience to, normative rules and obligations has long been a topic of international law scholarship discourse. What has yet to be fully established, however, is why virtually all states have agreed to adhere to a seemingly novel global paradigm with ambitious yet non-binding objectives – the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This article identifies six factors as contributing to the influencing power of the SDGs – namely, the role of law, particularly inter- and transnational law, the legitimacy of the framework, the notion of reciprocity, reputational concerns, national self-interest, and the moral duty to address the shared global challenges of sustainable development.By exploring their strengths and limitations through several theoretical frameworks (including Harold Koh's theory of transnational legal processes, Thomas Franck's theory of legitimacy, and Ryan Goodman and Derek Jinks’ three mechanisms of social influence), this article argues that the combination of these factors motivates voluntary state commitment, reporting, and cooperation under the SDG framework and that, overall, the SDGs offer a versatile lens to explore the different motives for state adherence to a soft law framework in the inter- and transnational legal spheres.

Burnout and Migration of Ukrainian University Academic Staff During the War

This study examines the impact of migration processes on burnout among Ukrainian university academic staff during the full-scale war. A survey involving 836 participants from 164 higher education institutions revealed that 37% of respondents became forced migrants, either internally (24%) or externally (13%). Significant connections were found between forced migration and burnout among academic staff, with noticeable distinctions between external migrants, internal migrants, and non-migrants. Academic staff who were forced to migrate displayed higher levels of emotional exhaustion compared to non-migrant counterparts. External migrants experienced energy depletion, while internal migrants reported reduced professional accomplishment. Inadequate pay, social security instability, increased professional activity, insufficient state support, anxiety, constant stress, and concern for their country, city, and university were common factors contributing to burnout among all groups. External migrants faced challenges with social protection, team relations, and workload. Internal migrants encountered difficulties in rebuilding professional activities and experienced a heightened sense of danger, particularly for those living in temporarily occupied territories. The findings highlight the necessity for targeted support strategies to address the unique needs of academic staff during conflict and migration, promoting their mental health and resilience at the policymaker and university administrator levels during times of crisis by implementing support strategies and programs to help them cope with the challenges of migration and promote overall job satisfaction for quality education of the next generation of citizens.

От имперского к советскому школьному образованию: проблемы становления трудовой школы на Кубани в 1920 году

The cultural growth of the Soviet multinational people resulted from the purposeful work of the RCP(b) – VKP(b) to eliminate the illiteracy of the population and organize universal education for school-age children. The policy of the Bolsheviks in the 1920s provided Soviet citizens with ac-cess to free education and the right of national minorities to study in their native language. The country faced internal and external challenges that required the diversion of serious state re-sources, but the field of education remained a priority for the Communist Party and was provided with state support. Understanding the Soviet experience of organizing school education in the conditions of the economic crisis of the early 1920s and the socialist modernization of the 1930s remains an urgent topic on the example of the not always successful results of educational reforms in the post-Soviet period. The concept of social justice, which was at the heart of the Soviet school, allowed Russian science to become the leading one in the world. USSR formed school ed-ucation based on the traditional Russian educational concept and those innovations that were im-plemented by the Bolsheviks in the 1920 s and 1930 s. At the same time, it should be noted that the organization and functioning of the Soviet school pursued clearly expressed ideological goals.

STATE SUPPORT OF BUSINESS IN UKRAINE

The article highlights the main directions of state support for small and medium-sized businesses and the functions of the state as a supporter of entrepreneurship development, which consist in providing not only financial, but also informational support, creating and maintaining institutional support and infrastructure. The purpose of the article is to review and analyze the instruments of state regulation and support of entrepreneurship in the countries of the world and the measures and programs introduced by the Government of Ukraine to support and stimulate domestic business. Analysis, synthesis and modeling methods were used to study the state of research. The results of our research was carried out with the help of empirical methods: pedagogical observation, questionnaires, interviews, testing, the method of experimental evaluations. Mathematical statistics methods were used to process the research results. The reasons for the inefficient activity of enterprises are considered, which are connected, among other things, with an unbalanced state policy and the lack of protection from the state. Current areas of support for small and medium-sized businesses are described, including taking into account European programs. State support for small and medium-sized businesses today can be considered insufficiently effective, as evidenced by a number of examples and the consequences of ill-considered decisions by the authorities, which, with the aim of stabilizing the economy in the state, inflict a tangible blow on the activities of small businesses and threaten the existence of a large part of them. The directions of management of small business structures have been determined, the primary tasks of their further functioning and development were outlined, public opinion regarding their activities was formed.

Models for creating innovative cooperatives for processing and sales of milk in private farms

The purpose of the article is to study the models for creating innovative “milk processing cooperative”, created on the basis of cooperative relations with dairy-producing personal subsidiary farms, to give recommendations. Based on the creation of dairy processing cooperatives in private subsidiary farms for processing and selling milk within the country, their great potential is being used and dependence on dairy products is being reduced. The models and options for creating dairy processing cooperatives based on the cooperation of private subsidiary farms in the dairy industry of the country are presented: 1) the creation of a “dairy processing innovation cooperative” based on a cooperative relationship with personal subsidiary farms; 2) under a cooperative agreement with personal subsidiary farms of the Turkistan region, the activities of the innovative dairy processing company FoodMaster-Shymkent LLP were considered; 3) the creation of a “dairy production cooperative” with a commercial dairy farm in the settlements of the district is suggested, based on the cooperation process. This is due to the fact that dairy processing and marketing cooperatives, along with the collection, processing, and sale of milk from personal subsidiary farms, of which they were members, assume responsibilities for processing land plots, foraging, providing breeding young animals, providing production and technical services, and state support for personal subsidiary farms. State support (subsidies, tax and credit benefits) through “milk-producing cooperatives”, in which personal subsidiary farms are created, support for personal subsidiary farms is provided through milk-producing cooperatives and milk-processing cooperatives.

La Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte y la expansión del capitalismo occidental

The outbreak of war in Ukraine and Western support for the Ukrainian state have brought up the role of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in international politics, a subject debated in the press and media, in universities, in states, and in international organizations. In hasty assessments, the argument that emerges is that the war, particularly the Russian administration of Vladimir Putin, has given NATO a new reason of life, since it no longer had any reason to exist in the face of the defeat and dissolution of the USSR. Our aim in this article is therefore to demonstrate that NATO has always had a reason to exist in order to fulfill the function assigned to it by the Western powers: to eliminate politically and militarily obstacles to the expansion of Western capitalism. Because it is an international political and military organization linked to the capitalist powers led by the United States, with its smaller European partners, it is an organization whose dynamic is expansionist. So, our object is NATO in its founding treaty, institutional organization, strategic concepts, summit meetings, geopolitical expansion, partnerships, and military operations.

Factors Influencing Community Resource Mobilization to Support Households in Achieving Sustainable Poverty Alleviation: The Case of Dao People in Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam

This article explains the factors influencing community resource mobilization in achieving sustainable poverty alleviation focusing on Dao households in Vietnam. It found that two factors influenced community resource mobilization to help Dao households sustainably escape poverty focuses on two dimensions: internal and external factors. Internal factors include education level, occupation, skills, experience, the number of healthy workers in the household, and the household's physical capital resources. External factors encompass broader influences such as state policies and support from state organizations and non-governmental organizations. While internal factors are crucial in determining the ability to mobilize community resources, external factors, though not decisive, play a significant role in facilitating the mobilization of these resources to support the Dao people in Thanh Hoa in achieving sustainable poverty alleviation. This study contributes to the study on how poverty should be alleviated in communal levels in Asia with a special reference to Vietnam.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DETERMINANTS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

Progress towards sustainable development is the priority for countries all over the globe. Understanding the essence of sustainable development is a basis for conducting research and practical actions. The aim of the article is to find out the global determinants of sustainable development in the context of digital transformation. The era of digital technologies creates new approaches to solving available issues and challenges. New normality requires defining global determinants of sustainable development and creating new tools for achieving its goals. The study has provided empirical evidence and proved that ICT is one of the important drivers of sustainable development. The conducted analysis shows that there is a direct impact of ICT development and digitisation on achieving SDG 9 "Industry, Innovations and Infrastructure”. The indirect impact of digitalisation on the SDGs is analysed. It is proved that the implementation of digital technologies in business processes and digitalisation of non-IT sectors of the economy will contribute to the comprehensive implementation of a number of SDGs, such as SDGs 3, 4, 8, 9, 11, 12, and will give impetus to the achievement of other goals, which will generally have a synergistic effect. Benchmarking of practices used by well-developed countries enabled the identification of a number of priority areas related to the digitisation of the economy, namely, the development of digital skills among the population for entrepreneurial activities, state support for the digitalisation of business, especially SMEs, promotion of e-commerce, electronic payments. This study makes multiple contributions namely to academic debate on the influence of digitisation on sustainable development, demonstrates the interrelations between SDGs and highlights evidence on the global determinants of sustainable development. Conducted research outlines 4 groups of factors to enhance achieving SDGs in terms of digital transformation: 1) network coverage; 2) the number of Internet users; 3) affordability of access to the Internet; 4) digital literacy.

Post-project monitoring: the experience of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science and Technology Support

Introduction: due to the current geopolitical situation, the results of scientific research must go far beyond the fundamental level and find application in the real sector of the economy. This is a key vector of the national scientific and technological policy, justified by the urgent need for import-substituting technologies that have emerged as a result of the global crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic and sanctions pressure. The research focuses on analyzing the development of scientific and scientific-technical projects after they have received state support. Objectives: to analyze the experience of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science and Technology Support in monitoring the projects' relevance. Methods: post-project monitoring, continuous questionnaires, statistical and graphical analysis, and system analysis. Results: an analysis of the development of projects that received state support, conducted using post-project monitoring, showed that 8% of the total number of respondents commercialized the results of their projects, 37% introduced their results into socio-economic turnover in organizations operating in the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Conclusions: more than a third of all projects supported by the Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science and Technology Support have received some form of further development or practical application in one form or another, which exceeds the average statistical data provided in other studies. However, there is still a need to increase the level of commercialization of scientific projects' outputs. The authors proposed a number of measures to achieve this goal.