State Support Of Agricultural Producers Research Articles

Тенденции развития потребительских предпочтений на рынке мяса и мясных продуктов

The article examines the trends in the development of consumer preferences for meat and meat products. During the analysis of the structure of the food market, consumer surveys and research on production technology and consumption statistics, the main patterns of changing preferences of domestic consumers were identified. The data on the dynamics, structure, volumes of production and consumption of meat and meat products are presented. The data on the volumes of meat and meat products consumption recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and their actual consumption are presented. Statistical data illustrating the dynamics of the volume of state support for agricultural producers are presented.

Vegetable and potato growing in Kazakhstan as the main direction of agricultural production

The goal is to assess the development of potato and vegetable growing and their impact on the state of domestic and regional agricultural markets, to formulate proposals for stabilizing and improving the situation in the near future. Methods – comparative analysis, economicstatistical and structural approaches. Results – the authors note that in order to achieve the required level of food security, it is necessary to increase the volume of cultivation of these products in large agricultural enterprises, which will contribute to the growth of commercial production of vegetables and potatoes of proper quality. The state and potential of vegetable and potato farms, their regional characteristics, formation of vegetable market, and state support for vegetable growing industry at the national level are considered. The issues of regulating cultivation and sale of vegetable products are analyzed, the level of its consumption in the constituent entities of the Republic of Kazakhstan and factors determining it are shown. Monitoring of the areas of potatoes grown in open ground, tools and mechanisms for stimulating their expansion, the share of gross potato harvest for all categories of farms in the republic, the dynamics of prices of agricultural producers and consumer prices was carried out. Taking into account the scientific views and opinions of researchers, analysis of the category “sustainable development” is presented. Conclusions – it is necessary to carry out reclamation measures related to the involvement of agricultural land in circulation for vegetable and potato growing, increase in state support for agricultural producers, as well as funds to reimburse part of costs incurred for production of greenhouse vegetables, and technical re-equipment of production facilities. The implementation of investment projects is important, which will make it possible in the medium term to achieve complete food independence for vegetables and potatoes and ensure an acceptable price environment for their producers and consumers.

СТИМУЛИРОВАНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ОТРАСЛЕЙ АПК В ЦЕЛЯХ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ САМООБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТИ И ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

The Russian agro-industrial complex makes a significant contribution to the development of the country's economy. However, Russian agricultural producers are characterized by low competitiveness on the world market, as evidenced by a small volume of imports and a significant volume of exports. In the conditions of an unstable political and economic situation in the Russian Federation, increasing the competitiveness of the domestic agro-industrial complex is a priority task of the Government of the country. Purpose of the study: to develop a new concept for developing a strategy for increasing the competitiveness of Russian agricultural producers in order to strengthen economic stability and efficiency of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation using the example of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan. Object of study: agro-industrial complex of Tatarstan. Research results: the article reveals the development strategy of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tajikistan, ensuring the competitiveness of agricultural producers, as well as the mechanisms for its practical implementation, the necessary measures of state support for agricultural producers under sanctions. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the development of a scientific concept for stimulating the development of agricultural sectors in order to ensure food self-sufficiency and import substitution, which includes the justification of its organizational and economic mechanism and the formation of an implementation strategy.

ASSESSMENT OF QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOCIAL AND LABOR SPHERE OF THE VILLAGE OF THE KRASNOYARSK REGION

The article discusses the results of monitoring the social and labour sphere of the village of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in assessing the financial situation of rural households and the problems that concern rural residents to the greatest extent. The study was conducted in the economic crisis and socio-psychological climate. As a result, the rural population assesses its financial situation quite self-critically and believes that, most likely, it will remain unchanged. However, a fascinating fact is that, despite the low-income level of rural residents, most respondents are not going to take part in agricultural consumer cooperatives, cannot or do not want to organise their businesses and are not oriented towards small business. However, residents generally do not plan to move to the city; in the event of a job loss, they will try to get any other job in the countryside. Therefore, it is proposed to evaluate the qualitative characteristics of the social and labour sphere of the village using the “social scale” methodology, consisting of six stages, starting with the selection of the necessary qualitative indicators and their grouping, interviewing rural residents, converting respondents’ answers into numerical values, placing weighting coefficients and interpreting the results. Finally, it is concluded that the main directions of state policy in the development of the social and labour sphere of the village should be: increasing the level and effectiveness of state support for agricultural producers, developing small businesses and cooperation, and increasing employment through non-agricultural activities and self-employment. Along with these measures, it is recommended to provide social support to low-income citizens by expanding the scope of social contracts and implementing a targeted food assistance project.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of state support for agribusiness entities

In the current economic conditions, state support for agribusiness entities is necessary to create a sustainable business climate in the country’s agro-industrial complex and address issues related to the country’s self-sufficiency in the main types of domestic agricultural products, raw materials and food. The main principles, mechanisms, specific measures of state support for agricultural producers and indicators for assessing the success of each segment at the macro level are defined in detail by legislative and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. To assess and analyze the effectiveness of state support at the micro level, various indicators and criteria have been proposed in modern domestic literature, but at the same time, as a review of sources has shown, there is no single and universal methodology. In order to understand the degree of impact of a particular area of activity of an economic entity on a change in the effectiveness of state support measures (and vice versa), it is necessary to develop a universal and comprehensive methodology for assessing the effectiveness of state support for agribusiness entities.

Comparative analysis of state support for agricultural producers in Russia and in the world

Despite numerous trade disputes within the World Trade Organization (WTO) regarding the overestimation of the support level for agriculture by individual countries of the world, subsidizing farmers by their own governments not only does not decrease, but also tends to increase in general. In the conditions of the WTO member countries open markets, the world countries food security, including Russia, largely depends not only on the competitiveness of their own agriculture, but also on the support of their own agricultural sector commensurate with other states. Based on this, it is an urgent task to track the scale of state influence on the industry in other countries in order to avoid excessive competition of imported products. Thus, the purpose of the article is to study the dynamics of state support for agriculture in the countries of the world based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) data. The results of the work are detailed information on the comparative level of state support for the agro-industrial complex in the countries of the world, and the amount of support for the Russian agricultural industry corresponds to the world average. To process the information received in order to present the results of the work as accessible as possible, tabular and graphical methods are used.

РАЗВИТИЕ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА РОССИИ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЕГО КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ НА МЕЖДУНАРОДНОМ РЫНКЕ

The agriculture of the Russian Federation is an important part of the national economy, the basis for ensuring the country’s food security. The development of agriculture is influenced by both internal factors (climate, economy, labor resources, state support for the industry, etc.) and external factors (sanctions from unfriendly countries, world market prices, etc.). The importance of increasing the competitiveness of the Russian agricultural industry in the international market has increased with the launch of a special military operation in 2022, as it has faced new challenges. As a result of large-scale political pressure from unfriendly states, the country was cut off from imports of equipment, spare parts, technologies and seeds necessary for the agro-industrial sector, supply chains were disrupted, prices for imported goods increased, and problems arose with exports. Despite these difficulties, Russian agriculture, despite the decline in crop production, due to the growth of indicators in dairy and meat animal husbandry, shows a steady increase in total production. So, in comparison with 2017, the volume of milk production by 2021 increased by 7%, and meat of all types - by 10%. The level of self-sufficiency of the Russian Federation in 2021 exceeded the threshold levels of the Food Security Doctrine for the production of grain, sugar, meat and meat products; below the threshold level was the production of potatoes, milk and dairy products, vegetables and gourds, fruits and berries. Also, a positive moment in the development of the agricultural sector is the increase in the volume of exports of the industry’s products both in kind and in monetary terms, the structure of exports has improved, where there are more and more products of processed agricultural raw materials. However, at present, the sanctions of unfriendly countries have a negative impact on the development of agriculture in the Russian Federation and on its competitiveness in the international market. To solve the problems of the industry, it is necessary to strengthen state support for agricultural producers, aimed at increasing investment and innovation activity in the industry, developing import substitution (creating new industries) and ensuring food security.

Features of Acquisition of Agricultural Land Plots for Private Ownership in the Russian Federation

The article considers topical aspects of the acquisition of the right of private property in the Russian Federation for land plots of agricultural purpose under the mechanism of state support for agricultural producers. The importance of the topic is due to the agricultural land value, that plays a special strategic role in the state as the main means of food production, as well as being one of the guarantees of the development of the agricultural sector in the country. The number of privately owned agricultural plots is increasing every year. This is facilitated by the establishment in 2015 of an accessible and clear procedure for the acquisition of public land in private ownership. At present, there are sufficient cases of private ownership of land, taking into account the specific development of land rights in the post-Soviet period. In order to acquire agricultural land, the Act also provides for a preferential purchase price, which only facilitates the involvement in civil circulation of agricultural land. For all that, despite the positive dynamics of the conversion of land plots to private ownership, the volume of state and municipal ownership of land still significantly exceeds private ownership. It has been established that the State provides for various cases of acquisition of agricultural land for private ownership, subject to compliance with certain requirements of the current legislation. In practice, the authorized bodies and applicants must strictly comply with the requirements of the law, otherwise in the future in a judicial dispute their actions (omission) can be defined as abuse of the right, violation of freedom of competition and equal access to land, and the concluded contract may be invalidated.

Modern realities and trends in food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The problems of food self-sufficiency are global in the modern world. Quality food largely determines the health of the nation. In the context of global climate change, increasing food demand, depletion and scarcity of resources, pandemic, military conflicts, special attention should be paid to the aspects of sustainable economic growth. The article reflects approaches to the definition of the concept of "food independence" in the world, as well as its various components. The goal is to study food issue, to study the indicators used to assess the global food security index (hereinafter referred to as GFSI). Methods – set of statistical, theoretical and analytical methods was used. Results – GFSI for 2022 is analyzed, Food Security Plan of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2022-2024 and prospects for its development are considered. Conclusions – the authors state that the republic is rising in the world ranking; this indicates the effective implementation of programs aimed to supply the country's citizens with affordable and high-quality products. Kazakhstan fully provides itself with such goods as flour, milk, meat, cereals, salt, sunflower oil. However, satisfaction of the needs of the population in canned food, sausage, fish and sugar has not yet reached the required level of domestic production. Despite the best government support measures, the share of processed goods is still low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop domestic agriculture and processing of agricultural products at a qualitatively new level. State support for agricultural producers should take into account regional aspects (natural and climatic conditions, territorial distribution of lands and level of their degradation). It is necessary to provide assistance through digitalization (installation and maintenance of appropriate systems; increase Internet coverage areas, etc.).

Разработка региональных государственных программ поддержки сельхозтоваропроизводителей, внедряющих углеродно-нейтральные технологии

The article presents an analysis of research on state support for agricultural producers implementing carbon-neutral technologies, which allowed us to assess the range and effectiveness of tools for this support in the agro-industrial complex of Russia. The relevance of the development of regional programs in accordance with the requirements of the importing countries of our agricultural products is proved. The increase in costs at the initial stage of energy transition should help to implement technological sovereignty projects that provide for the sustainable production of high-tech products of a full innovation cycle based on domestic developments, including carbon-neutral technologies. These costs should be compensated by various instruments of state support (subsidies, preferential loans, preferential taxation, access to resources, innovation). The developers of the state policy of low-carbon regulation in Russia should, using international practice, raise and solve the following questions: what are the incentives for the introduction of low-carbon projects for business and the public, whether the existing set of state support tools is sufficient, how the indicators of the state low-carbon policy are compared with market identifiers associated with the energy transition to a decarbonized economy. The conducted research suggests that the instruments of state support for low–carbon projects in the sectors of the Russian economy, including subsidies for the modernization of existing production facilities, the introduction of the best technologies with low and zero greenhouse gas emissions, tax incentives, should be worked out at the level of regions or macro-regions - federal districts, using foreign experience.

Методология полиморфного исследования проблем аграрной политики в условиях институциональных преобразований

The article specifies the composition in polymorphic research connected with the problems in state support for agricultural producers, aimed to the sectoral structure of AIC development. Detailed scientific and methodological tools for assessing the production potential of agro-trading enterprises, used in world practice, are described. The dislocation effect formed as a result of saving on the costs of processing and storage of a certain group of goods is determined. An institutional research method is presented as an element of a polymorphic approach used in assessing the production potential of agro-trading enterprises that prefer to use their own regulations (charters).

TAX POLICY AS THE MAIN COMPONENT OF THE STATE SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS

The article is devoted to research of problems of functioning of tax policy as the main component of state support of agricultural producers and development of directions of its optimization. The research methodology is based on both general scientific and special methods of research, namely: Logical generalization, system, indoumentation, dedukation, analysis, synthesis, etc. The research has shown that the activities of agricultural producers are connected with high risks, and therefore require state support, in which the structure of tax policy is of primary importance. It is noted that it is expedient to adapt the world experience, namely: Simplify the tax system; introduce a mechanism of tax assistance to the taxpayer in the process of submitting tax declarations and payments; promote the development of factors that allow transforming the tax process into a public service. It is well-grounded that the State Tax Service of Ukraine introduced a number of innovations based on the use of digital technologies, should optimize the cooperation of taxpayers and the fiscal service. In practice, however, tax payers and fiscal authorities need time and resources to adapt to the requirements of the digital society.

Features of state support in the system of food security and the development of accounting and information support in crop production

In the system of ensuring the country’s food security, agricultural producers occupy one of the key positions. Conducting agricultural activities is accompanied by certain risks associated with the influence of natural and climatic factors, productivity, changes in prices for raw materials, sales of products. Therefore, state support for the agro-industrial complex and the effective organization of all business processes of an economic entity contribute to improving the effectiveness of the financial and economic activities of agricultural producers. The article considers the procedure for state support of agricultural producers, as well as the impact of the specifics of agricultural production on the accounting process, in particular on the calculation of the cost of agricultural products

Strategic planning for food security

Strategic planning as a management mechanism aimed at achieving the priority goals of the state, including the processes of goal-setting, forecasting and planning the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, is the most important political and legal basis for the development of Russia. Food security is an integral part of the national security of the Russian Federation. The modernization of strategic planning in the field of food security of the Russian Federation in 2022 led to the formulation of the task of ensuring the food independence of our country. The strategic planning documents in the field of food security define risks and threats, goals and objectives, indicators and assessment indicators, the main directions of state policy aimed at realizing the national interests of the Russian Federation. The conducted legal analysis of strategic planning documents in the field of food security at the federal level led to the conclusion that the Russian Federation has formed a multi-level system of political and legal acts aimed at achieving Russia’s indicators of food independence, improving the quality of life of citizens, providing the population with high-quality and safe food products, sustainable development and modernization of agriculture and fisheries and infrastructure, production of agricultural products that meet environmental, sanitary and epidemiological, veterinary requirements, increasing the efficiency of state support for agricultural producers, training highly qualified personnel for agriculture. At the same time, in modern geopolitical conditions, it is necessary to revise certain provisions of strategic planning documents in the field of ensuring food security in terms of clarifying target indicators, terms, measures of state support for agricultural producers. The article formulates the main directions of modernization of strategic planning documents to ensure food security.

Problems of legal support of Russia’s food security in the light of the sanctions policy of unfriendly states

The Article analyses the problems of legal provision of food security in the Russian Federation. The United Nations Commission on Agriculture has developed food security criteria such as physical availability of food to the population, affordability and food safety. The Russian approach, unlike the above, has supplemented it with an indicator of state food independence. This approach proved to be far-sighted and proved correct in the context of the policy of sanctions by leading European states against the Russian Federation, including their reinforcement caused by the special military operation in the territories of Ukraine, the Donetsk People’s Republic and the Luhansk People’s Republic. The author also points out the contradiction between the food security mechanism, which involves significant state support for agricultural producers, and the market mechanism for the sale of agricultural products. This led the author to conclude that the state should guarantee partial sales of agricultural products to Russian agricultural producers, thereby minimising the mechanism of bankruptcy for them due to stiff competition in the agricultural market.

Assessment of the Effectiveness of State Support for Insurance in Agriculture in Russia

Introduction. Risk insurance is the most important financial instrument that ensures the sustainable development of agriculture. The specifics of the implementation of agricultural risks (the unpredictable nature of the onset and the significant intensity of the impact on the activities of agricultural producers) determines the increased interest in this area of support for agriculture from the state. The purpose of the article is to assess the effectiveness of state support in the field of agricultural risk insurance in Russia. Materials and Methods. The authors analyzed the reports of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, as well as the National Union of Agricultural Insurers, characterizing the dynamics of development and the effectiveness of state support in the field of insurance of risks in agriculture. To assess the effectiveness of state support for agricultural producers when concluding an insurance contract, the following algorithm was used: first, an analysis of the achievement of planned indicators of agricultural insurance with state support; second, an analysis of the impact of the size of government funding for insurance on the financial results and financial sustainability of agricultural producers; third, the correlation analysis of the closeness of the relationship between the main indicators of insurance with indicators of financial results and financial stability of agricultural producers. Results. The analysis of the dynamics of the development of agricultural insurance with government support in Russia, as well as the contribution of government subsidies to the financial result of agricultural producers is carried out. On the basis of correlation analysis, there is a tight link between insurance indicators such as insurance coverage and insurance indemnity and indicators of financial results and financial sustainability of agriculture. Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained indicate a significant impact of government financing of insurance risks in agriculture on the development of the industry. The results of the study could be used by public authorities and Governments in formulating development strategies and agricultural insurance programs, developing appropriate financial instruments for State support for agricultural producers.

FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF STATE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS

To maintain Ukraine’s food security, its production of all the necessary foodstuffs for the country’s population, support for small and medium agricultural producers, and the development of rural areas in general, the study of foreign experience of state support for producers of agricultural products, which has proved itself in practice, has become relevant. The purpose of the research is to explore the foreign experience of state support for business entities operating in the agricultural sector in the People’s Republic of China, European Union member states and the United States, its analysis, identifying the most efficient mechanisms of such support for possible replication in the Ukrainian legislation. To ensure an efficient analysis of the problems, the method of hermeneutics, dialectical, comparative legal, system-functional, and statistical methods of scientific knowledge were used. The analysis of legal regulation of state support of agricultural producers in foreign countries was performed in the context of the research, and the national-specific features of state support of agricultural producers, which are inherent to individual countries, were identified. The strategic priorities of the new Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union for 2023-2027 were identified. Particular attention is devoted to the analysis of the legal regulation of tax incentives for producers of agricultural products in the European Union Member States, using Poland, the Czech Republic and Austria as examples, identifying the types of tax incentives and the conditions for their application in the above-mentioned countries. The conclusion is drawn about the efficiency of the identified types of tax benefits in the agricultural sector of the economy and the expediency of their introduction into the legislation of Ukraine. The research will be useful for researchers, practitioners, graduate students, doctoral students and anyone interested in the foreign experience of state support of agricultural producers.

Improving the Efficiency of State Support for Agricultural Producers: Legal Issues

The article discusses the measures of state support for agricultural producers, among which a special place is occupied by subsidies provided in various areas. Based on the analysis of judicial practice, the difficulties of a legal nature that farmers, agricultural organizations, agricultural consumer cooperatives face when receiving such support are revealed. Firstly, regional legislation provides for the return of a subsidy not only because of its misuse, but also in case of violation of related obligations that have an indirect impact on the creation and functioning of agricultural producers (violation of the terms of spending, provision of false information when receiving a grant, etc.). It is proposed in the regional regulatory legal acts for non-compliance with the obligations associated with the intended use that arise in connection with the receipt of a subsidy by an agricultural producer, to replace such a measure of responsibility as the return of grant funds for penalties. Secondly, in the event of an unlawful refusal of the regional Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation to issue a subsidy. It is proposed to recognize such a subsidy as a loss in the form of lost profits in order to recover it in a civil law order and to make appropriate changes to Art. 78 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation. The solution of the identified problems will contribute to the development of sectors and sub-sectors of agriculture, will positively affect the food security of the Russian Federation.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ ЧАСТИНИ ІНСТИТУЦІЙНОГО МЕХАНІЗМУ РОЗВИТКУ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ

The article highlights the role of the state as an element of the institutional mechanism in increasing the multiplicative effect of agricultural development. The tasks of the state agrarian policy aimed at achieving certain strategic goals have been identified. The directions of functioning of the institutional mechanism of agricultural sector development are outlined: improvement of normative-legal provision and system of state planning of agricultural sector development, formation of effective mechanism of state support of agricultural producers, improvement of structure of state regulation institution, overcoming institutional traps of state regulation of agrarian sector. The signs of the mechanism of state support for the development of agricultural production in Ukraine, which is represented by a set of organizational and functional institutions, are given. The main instruments of state support of agricultural production are highlighted: measures for preferential and priority lending for investment projects; preferential insurance of crops of certain agricultural crops; distribution of budget funds in different directions. The state subsidizes interest rates on loans to agricultural production entities, the formation of regional and state food funds, leasing, etc. The importance of approximation of the legislation of Ukraine to the regulations in force in the EU in the field of technical regulation of the lists of national standards, which are identical to the harmonized European standards, is determined. The main problems in the domestic agricultural sector are outlined. It is noted that the formation and implementation of state support mechanisms should ensure the development of peasant farms, financing of production and social infrastructure, soft loans and insurance of agricultural activities, streamlining the tax system. It is important to achieve optimal interaction between the use of market relations and rational state intervention in agriculture. The main components of the institutional mechanism of state support of the agricultural sector in modern conditions are offered.

State agrarian policy and the efficiency of its implementation at the regional level

Structural and dynamic changes in directions, forms, volumes of state support for agricultural producers in the “post-sanction” period were considered from the standpoint of various scientists. A slight increase in the index of agricultural production, a transition from compensatory to incentive support measures, a significant development of small forms of business are predicted: farming, consumer and industrial cooperation. The author’s method of assessing the effectiveness of new forms of support is proposed based on comparing the amounts and directions of obtained subsidies with changes in the competitiveness of crop and livestock products. The approbation of this technique on agricultural production cooperatives in Udmurtia showed an increase in the state support efficiency, as well as the benefits of further specialization of the republic in the production of dairy products. The technique can be used by the authorities to improve agricultural policy.