State-sponsored Project Research Articles

Математическое моделирование адаптивного торможения высокоскоростного поезда с дисковым тормозом

Based on the analysis of the dependence of the brake pad pressure reserve coefficient on the speed of movement of the rolling stock, a simulation computer simulation of the adaptive braking control system of a high-speed train was performed. The dependence of the pressure in the brake cylinder on the set value of the coefficient is found. The simulation results showed that the use of the adaptive braking algorithm makes it possible to shorten the braking distance, reduce the likelihood of wheelsets jamming and ensure the comfort level of passengers when braking a train. The study was carried out within the framework of the state-sponsored project «Adaptive automatic control system with increased efficiency for passenger and high-speed trains» No. 121050600026-9 dated 06.05.2021.

О чем говорят сюжеты и мотивы литератур народов Сибири и Дальнего Востока ХХ века

The literatures of the indigenous peoples of Siberia, who had no written languages before the Soviet period, were the outcome of the state-sponsored project and were to become “national by their form and soviet by their content.” However, the authors, subjects, and topics of these literary texts were initially associated with a certain ethnonym, culture, and mentality. They were also isolated from other literature texts due to institutional and infrastructural reasons: the works of indigenous writers were published as special book series by specialized publishing houses. As a result, a corpus of literary texts with similar topics, subjects, plots, and motifs was formed. This similarity goes beyond the common sources in the mythology and folklore. The authors’ introspection on ethnical self-identification and writers’ reflections on the ill-fated disappearance of their cultures and peoples become the main plot and motif “generators” in books of the second half of the 20th century. The study has identified four main groups of plots: 1) childhood plots: everyday life descriptions including detailed descriptions of rites and rituals, the plot of a wise old man/woman’s death, the motifs of loss and memory, idyllic topoi; 2) hunting plots: the most common plot is about breaking a taboo or rule and the consequences; 3) shaman plots and related plots about journeys to other worlds, literal and symbolic, and oneiric motifs; 4) plots about interactions with outsiders. It is concluded that the literatures concerned proved to be mostly writers’ reflections on the fate of their peoples and native culture.

Paddymania Returns to America (and Poland)

Kathleen Cioffi provides an overview of the ambitious Paderewski Musical Project, examining the collision of American and Polish dramaturgies across three pieces—3 Paderewskis, Virtuoso, and Memory Laws. All three were part of a 2017 competition encouraging American writers to propose a musical celebrating Poland’s hundred-year anniversary of independence by valorizing Jan Paderewski. Cioffi concludes that the nationalistic impulses of the right-wing government are shielded by their choice of American artists for a state-sponsored project, and of Paderewski, household name and national hero, as the subject.

Taxing the indigenous: a history of barriers to fiscal inclusion in the Bolivian highlands

ABSTRACTFollowing the electoral success of left wing and pro-indigenous President Evo Morales, the indigenous poor in Bolivia find themselves at the centre of a new vision of the state, echoed by a fervent citizenship project to include them as contributing participants in this new Bolivia. The state is working to initiate these hitherto informally employed subjects into an individualized fiscal regime: to make them into “taxpayers”. While the highland indigenous population have supported Morales’ political project, they resist inclusion into the broader state-sponsored project. This is not simply about avoiding financial obligations; their resistance is instead firmly rooted in the historical experience of fiscal exploitation, general suspicion of any state-run scheme as well as a clash of exchange models. I argue that in order to overcome these barriers, the Tax Office has to succeed in separating fiscal expansion from its association with an abstract state concept, and instead link it to palpable everyday life and politics, such as the union structure and Morales’ project of indigenous inclusion.

Cosmopolitan conceptions in global Dubai? The emiratization of IVF and its consequences.

IVF in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is decidedly cosmopolitan, catering to an international clientele who are attracted to Dubai as a booming global city and an emerging medical tourism hub. Yet this Emirati state-sponsored project of medical cosmopolitanism exists in tension with another state-sponsored project, called emiratization. Emiratization is an attempt by the UAE government to prioritize the needs of Emiratis. In this article, the emiratization of the UAE’s IVF sector is explored. Since the mid-2000s, the Emirati IVF sector has undergone a series of profound transformations, involving the indigenization-qua-emiratization of IVF services in the country. Two main aspects of IVF emiratization are examined. The first involves the Emirati government’s brief experiment with IVF public financing, which started off as a generous IVF subsidization programme for all infertile couples, but ended up solidifying preferential treatment for local Emiratis. The second is the 2010 passage of UAE Federal Law No. 11, which now stands as one of the world’s most restrictive pieces of assisted reproduction legislation. Which now stands as one of the world's most restrictive pieces of assisted reproduction legislation and has fundamentally altered the landscape of IVF in the country.

Multiculturalism and its exclusions in New Zealand: the case for cosmopolitanism and indigenous rights

In light of biculturalism's prevalence as a power-sharing agreement between New Zealand Maori and the Crown, any attempts to establish a state-sponsored project of multiculturalism have been treated by Maori with suspicion and controversy. This article presents cosmopolitanism as an appropriate solution to citizenship and cultural diversity in New Zealand that can coexist in harmony with the country's biculturalism that enjoys a constitutional-like status. A state-sponsored policy of liberal multiculturalism comparable to the legal species found in Western democracies, it is argued, would remain mutually exclusive and hostile towards biculturalism. This work concludes with a discussion on the theoretical applications of cosmopolitanism in New Zealand and how it could work empirically, in practice, without attenuating biculturalism.

Jean-Marie Teno’s Documentary Modernity: From Millennial Anxiety to Cinematic Kinship

Abstract:This article examines discourses and cinematic representations of modernity in two documentary films by the Cameroonian director Jean-Marie Teno. In the first of these films,A Trip to the Country(2000), Teno investigates how ideals and aspirations of modernity as a state-sponsored project in Cameroon have their roots in the colonial period, and his film is characterized by a strong sense of anxiety linked to the turn of the millennium. In the second,Sacred Places(2009), modernity is given a different affective resonance and is linked to the pleasure of cinematic consumption in Ouagadougou as Teno situates African cinema in relation to its “brother,” the djembe drum. I argue here that a shift occurs between these two films and their affective engagements with modernity; this is a transition from a sense of millennial anxiety to a thematics of what I call “cinematic kinship.” I ultimately suggest that this shift allows Teno to outline new social roles for the African filmmaker as well as new relationships between African cinema and local publics.

From Alliance of Civilizations to Branding the Nation: Turkish Studies, Image Wars and Politics of Comparison in an Age of Neoliberalism

In 2005, the United Nations launched the Alliance of Civilizations initiative, co-sponsored by the Spanish and Turkish governments, to address issues raised by “Clash of Civilizations” discourses in the aftermath of 9/11. In 2006, a series of “rebranding” initiatives were launched during the World Economic Forum meetings to repair the image of the Middle East and to propose Turkey as a “bridge between civilizations.” In this process, certain categories (e.g. civilization and the East/West) have informed the terms of relevance in these projects. This article engages these initiatives as politics of comparison—that is, comparison as a state-sponsored project to (re)position a state in a world order and to secure power. Such projects of comparison are important factors to consider the politics of positioning a nation state, and the categories that inform such alignments. In that light, this essay addresses the implications of such political projects for the production of knowledge in general, the dynamics of “relevance” related to Turkish Studies in the USA in particular.

Peasant, Patriot, Environmentalist: Sustainable Development Discourse in Havana

Private urban agricultural ventures, initially a spontaneous response to food shortages during the Special Period, soon became a state-sponsored project, related to global notions of sustainability. This article explores the relationship between sustainability discourse and its local dimensions to reveal the role of sustainability in the reformulation of the Revolution. Urban gardeners engage with international discourses of sustainability and interact with the Cuban state's articulation of these discourses. While this process forces urban gardeners to adapt to the changing meanings of growing food, it also provides a different language through which gardeners define themselves, especially in the context of a changing relationship with the state.

New Zealand's Marketplace Multiculturalism: Justifying a New Approach to Citizenship

In light of biculturalism's place in New Zealand's history, any attempts to establish a state-sponsored project of multiculturalism have always been treated with suspicion and controversy. This article provides a contemporary understanding of the conceptual ambiguities found in the country's configuration of multiculturalism that governs cultural diversity through the market. As a prelude to establishing the need for a new citizenship research agenda through cosmopolitanism developed in consultation with Maori, it is argued that the strictures of New Zealand's unofficial policy of commercial multiculturalism need to be transcended before Asians and other non-European migrants to the country can contribute successfully.

DREAM OF EXILE, PROMISE OF HOME: LANGUAGE, EDUCATION, AND ARABISM IN ALGERIA

AbstractIn Algeria as in many other cases, experiences of exile and diaspora played a major role in the creation of nationalist politics in the 20th century; exile has also been a recurring literary figure in expressions of Algerian cultural politics since independence. This article examines a range of literary sources to consider the politics of language and culture in Algeria since the 1940s. It shows how identification with Arabism has enabled Algerians to articulate claims to community, solidarity, and sovereignty, first in a conception of national “salvation” against the colonial state and then as both a state-sponsored project of political legitimacy and an indication of the limits of that project. A sense of these limits can be gained by a brief consideration of the complexity of the country's sociolinguistic landscape and the often unorthodox creativity of its literary self-expression since independence.

THE FIRST TRANSLATIONS OF THE QURʾAN IN MODERN TURKEY (1924–38)

The debut of Turkish-language translations of the Qurʾan in the newly founded Republic of Turkey sparked lively debates over whether Qurʾan translation was possible or desirable, who should engage in interpretation of the text, and what characteristics a Turkish-language rendering of the Qurʾan should have. Whereas the abolition of the Islamic caliphate, closure of themedreses, and prohibition of the Sufi orders have received considerable attention in histories of early republican Turkey, the state-sponsored translation of the Qurʾan into Turkish remains both neglected and misunderstood. Muhammad Rashid Rida, who was highly influential in shaping opinion in the Muslim world, portrayed the state-sponsored project as a long-term plot to displace the Arabic Qurʾan. Other accounts misrepresent the involvement of President Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) in the promotion of Qurʾan translation by anachronistically suggesting that he sparked the initiative and led a “campaign” in support of it. Mustafa Kemal had no hand in the composition of Turkish Qurʾan translations published in 1924, other than helping create the political context in which they could be published. Their composition began well before the foundation of the Turkish republic, and their inspiration emerged from the intellectual milieu of the late Ottoman public sphere.

Islamic Prayer Groups in Indonesia

■ Islamic renewal in Southeast Asia has invited scholars to examine forums in which Muslims express devotion, including prayer groups known as pengajian in Indonesia. Because Indonesian women rarely lecture publically and often comprise the audiences of pengajian, it is assumed that these forums serve the state-sponsored project of domestication of married women into housewives. Based on fieldwork in central Java in the 1980s, this essay cites several urban women's reading group practices, especially their vernacular commentary on Qur'anic verse, as examples of 'resistant reading' and an ethnographic critique of these claims.