State Social Policy Research Articles

On the Issue of State Social Policy for the Disabled People During the First World War in Russian Historiography: Was the State a Real Subject of Social Aid?

On the Issue of State Social Policy for the Disabled People During the First World War in Russian Historiography: Was the State a Real Subject of Social Aid?

Ensuring social guarantees for Russian Navy military personnel as a priority direction of the national maritime policy in the field of staffing

This article defines the institutional framework for providing social guarantees to servicemen of the Russian Navy. General scientific methods of information analysis and synthesis were used. The sources of information were: the official website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the annual Bulletin of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation «Social development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation», as well as documents of a doctrinal nature in the field of naval activities — the Naval Doctrine of Russia 2022. It is shown that it is the Department of Social Guarantees of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, along with other branches of the armed Forces, that today is the institutional basis and guarantee of social security for servicemen of the Russian Navy. Implements the state social policy in the field of naval activities, and, also, conducts extensive information about the opportunities of a social nature enshrined in the current legislation of the Russian Federation and the results of its activities.

THE ROLE OF YOUTH IN THE WORLD’S DEVELOPMENT AND POST-WAR REHABILITATION PROGRAMS IN UKRAINE

The article contains results of the scientific study of the research in several post-war and post-conflicts countries performed by an international team. It is devoted to the generalization of the youth policy experience in terms of solutions to economic and social problems provoked by war conflicts. Adolescents and youth, as a subject of study, in such a post-war situation are considered as important agents and actors in this process. Many young people are not only among the most vulnerable groups affected by armed conflict, poverty, unemployment, they are also the generation that will reach adulthood during the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 Agenda. In addition to the sustainable development goals, policymakers must not neglect to prioritize the needs of young people and make room for them to carry the next development agenda forward. Young people should be involved in all aspects of the process. Only through meaningful representation by and collaboration with youth will it be possible to move away from an entrenched mindset of delivering basic services to youth towards an approach that empowers young people and enables them to realize their potential with special attention to the conditions of countries that suffered from the armed conflicts. The article offers a number of recommendations on improvement and development of the youth policy in Ukraine as a country that was subjected to a brutal attack by the russian army, an occupation of part of its territory, destruction of the economic and social infrastructure, emergence of a large number of refugees and internally displaced persons, primarily those young and economically active. This paper is addressed to demographers, economists, sociologists and experts in state administration and social policy.

Determinants of voluntary compliance: COVID-19 mitigation

During the pre-vaccine period, the success of containing the spread of COVID-19 depends upon how communities respond to non-pharmaceutical mitigation policies such as social distancing, wearing of masks, retail and dining constraints, crowd limitation, and shelter-in-place orders. Of these policies, shelter-in-place and social distancing are of central importance. By using county-level mobility data as a measure of a community's voluntary compliance with social distancing policies, this study found that counties who received strong state social distancing policy directives and who had a high pro-social character showed lower mobility on retail and recreation mobility and grocery and pharmacy mobility (better social distancing) after states reopened from shelter-in-place orders. Counties that experienced a longer duration of shelter-in-place orders showed higher mobility (less social distancing), implying that the duration of the shelter-in-place order deteriorated social distancing response after reopening. This may be because reopening sent a “safe” signal to these counties or resulted in a response to the pent-up demand inducing higher mobility. The results indicate that implementing shelter-in-place and social distancing policies to slow down the transmission of COVID-19 were not necessarily effective in motivating a county to reduce mobility voluntarily. A county's pro-social character and the duration of shelter-in-place order should be considered when designing COVID-19 mitigation policies.

The role of public organizations in state social policy making in the Russian Federation based on the example of the ALL-RUSSIAN NATIONAL FRONT

The prospects for the modernization of the Russian health care system are inextricably connected with expanding opportunities of the civil society to have an impact on the activities of health care organizations and state policy making in the field of health protection and promotion. At present, public organizations have become an integral part of a modern democratic state, ensuring interaction between the public sector and civil society, helping citizens to convey their opinions on health protection and health care development to government bodies, the professional community and providing assistance in decision making and implementation.The ALL-RUSSIAN NATIONAL FRONT is an example of a large-scale public platform carrying out important functions in assisting the state in the implementation of key policy areas in the field of public health and health care. Public organizations empower civil society and promote volunteer movements, contributing to the involvement of citizens in the process of identifying problems in the healthcare sector and their participation in direct public control over the implementation of decrees and instructions of the President of the Russian Federation, as well as other regulations Public organizations promote the role of the expert community by engaging leading experts to develop expert proposals on health care policy improvement, obtain comprehensive and objective information on the implementation of state projects and programs, decrees and instructions, as well as help the state to overcome emergency situations. All of the above reflect the main role of public organizations in state policy making in the field of health protection and promotion.

Профессиональный риск для горнорабочих при многофакторном воздействии производственной среды

Preserving the health of the employees, reducing morbidity and maintaining the quality of life of people employed at the mining enterprises are related to the priority tasks of the state social policy in the field of professional activity. And the extraction of raw materials and the production of light metals are important tasks in the industrialized country. One of the risk groups, which is under the constant negative impact of a complex of the unfavorable production factors, includes miners engaged in the extraction of carnallite for the production of metallic magnesium. Specific working conditions lead to the development of a number of diseases among the personnel of the mining enterprises and can reduce life expectancy. When assessing the working conditions of miners, it is advisable to consider the factors of the natural and industrial environment at the mining sites, even if they belong to the category of low intensity. The peculiarity of the natural environment of carnallite sites is due to high air humidity and the formation of hydroaerosols, which contribute to the active sorption of dust components in the course of work. An important element in assessing the impact of industrial environment factors on the human body is the analysis of its physiological reactions during a work shift, especially the process of fatigue formation, since it is this state of a person that can cause incidents. Health risk assessment of the miners has now acquired particular relevance. The most acceptable approach involves taking into account the production environment and determining the class of the working conditions. And the subsequent risk calculation should only confirm these primary data and focus on ensuring occupational safety.

Improvement of mechanisms of detecting early signs of health disorders for preservation labor longevity

The main direction of the state social policy is to ensure the priority of preserving and improving the health of the working population as the most important productive force of society, determining the national security of the country and its economic development. On the background of the projected decline in the ratio of the population of working age and older than able-bodied, an important task is to prevent the development of occupational and other diseases, to reduce cases of early loss of ability to work. One of the indicators of the deterioration of the workers health is a significant weighting of the primary pathology detected, the predominance of chronic diseases leading to loss of working capacity. For a number of reasons, occupational diseases are more often detected in the late stages of development, when irreversible changes in the body already occur. Assessing the harmful effects of working conditions and reducing it to the level of acceptable risks allows you to preserve the professional health of employees, prevent the development of professional and production-related pathology. Especially important in this case is the examination of trained workers in order to identify early signs of exposure to harmful production factors, including preventing the development of their pronounced forms, conducting an examination of professional suitability and examination of the connection of the disease with the profession, early diagnosis of general somatic diseases as a predisposing and aggravating factor in the formation of occupational diseases. In workers who have been in contact with a harmful and(or) dangerous production factor for a long time, individual pathognomonic disorders are observed in the early stages, without the formation of a clearly defined clinical syndrome, which is not enough to establish a clinical diagnosis of the disease but suggests the development of early signs of a specific effect of the factor. Early detection of signs of occupational diseases is most effective and feasible in the process of periodic medical examinations of employees, including in occupational pathology centers, and should serve as a basis for subsequent therapeutic and preventive measures to reduce the risks of developing occupational pathology. Based on the results of the literature analysis, it should be concluded that there is a need for modernization and modification of preventive measures, which are the basis for creating conditions for preserving the health and longevity of the working population of the country Ethics. The study was carried out in compliance with ethical standards.

A sociological study of the social support system for families with children (regional experience of the Bryansk region)

The relevance of the problems of the article is due to the fact that the social policy of Russia is a very developed and multifunctional system. Thanks to her, families can realize their needs, as well as make their dreams come true. The article considers such an object of state family policy in the Russian Federation as a family with children. It is she who has received the close attention of the state and measures of support have been taken in difficult times of social and political upheavals. The article shows how various programs are implemented in a particular Russian region (Bryansk region) for the most comfortable life of families with children. The measures of social support on the basis of documents granting the right to their social security are analyzed. The authors presented the results of a sociological study conducted on the basis of the Department of social protection of the population of the Sovetsky district of the city of Bryansk on the topic «Satisfaction with the quality of social services». It was revealed that the applicants were generally satisfied with the quality of the services of this department, which may indicate that the employees of this department were able to effectively organize the implementation of the state's social policy to support families with children.

ПЕНСИОННОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ИНВАЛИДОВ В ГОДЫ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ (НА МАТЕРИАЛАХ КРАСНОЯРСКОГО КРАЯ)

The topic of pension system for disabled people during the Great Patriotic War remains poorly studied and relevant. Russian historiography considers the practice of pension payments to disabled persons in 1941-1945 as one of the directions of the state social policy of that period, while there are very few publications purposefully studying this issue. This determined the aim of the research to study the practice of pension system for veterans of the Great Patriotic War, using archival materials of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in which a significant part of the war invalids underwent rehabilitation, to reveal the specifics of its realization on the ground. The most acceptable for the study of this issue is the concept of social exclusion, which considers the possibilities of the state to overcome the exclusion of disabled people from society, including through financial payments. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, disabled people received pensions according to the pre-war legislation of 1940, which modifies during the war years. Pension system during the war gave a minimum level of social protection of disabled citizens. The disabled of the Patriotic War gradually turned into a privileged group of recipients of social assistance.

Directions of improvement of administrative and legal support of state social policy in the conditions of decentralization of power in Ukraine.

Directions of improvement of administrative and legal support of state social policy in the conditions of decentralization of power in Ukraine.

On the Issue of State Social Policy for the Disabled People During the First World War in Russian Historiography: Problems of Population and Identification

On the Issue of State Social Policy for the Disabled People During the First World War in Russian Historiography: Problems of Population and Identification

ОЦЕНКА КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ РАБОЧЕЙ СИЛЫ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ

The social and economic development of the country and individual regions involves ensuring the well-being of the population. One of the key indicators that reflect the level of social and economic development of the country and individual regions is the life quality. In this regard, one of the priority areas of the state social policy, contributing to the development of the regional economy and strengthening the economic and political positions of Russia, is to improve the quality of life of the population. The main purpose of the study is to assess the life quality of workforce in the regions of the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation and develop recommendations for improving it. In the course of the study, the change in the value of the composite (integral) index of the quality of life of workforce of the regions of the Russian Federation was analyzed. The analysis made it possible to draw conclusions about the state of the quality of life of workforce in the subjects of Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation. The Republic of Bashkortostan and the Republic of Tatarstan were assigned to the regions of the leading group in terms of the dynamics of the values of the index of the life quality of workforce. The index in these regions was 0.3 and 0.4, respectively. The regions of the lagging group in terms of the dynamics of the values of the quality of life index of workforce were the Republic of Mari El, the Republic of Mordovia, the Udmurt Republic, the Chuvash Republic, Kirov region, Penza region, Saratov region, Ulyanovsk region. At the same time, it should be noted that in almost all regions of Volga Federal District in the period from 2012-2020 there was a decrease in the quality index of workforce. As directions for improving the quality of life of workforce, the following were identified: stimulation and support of entrepreneurial activity; attraction of investors; increasing tourist attractiveness; development of mutually beneficial interregional and foreign economic cooperation; active implementation of anti-corruption policy; renewal of personnel in public authorities; redistribution of budgetary funds for carrying out social and cultural events and for housing and communal services

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Abstract. Innovation activity is a powerful catalyst for economic development, modernization of technology, production technology, improvement of management system that allow the enterprise to adapt its products, services to market demands, as well as reorganize the peacetime production economy into economy in special conditions, such as unpredictable military actions to preserve achievements of Ukraine, reduce costs, stabilize and improve financial and economic results and survive. Before the imposition of martial law, our country, together with the world, entered the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, where the technologies of IKT era were introduced. After the introduction, logistical problems were created, transport infrastructure was destroyed, and production processes were disrupted. An important part of the state social and economic policy is innovation policy. It is reflected in the various stages of the innovation revolution. This will solve the problems of the economic situation that arose after the war. Purpose. The aim of the article is consists of : - assessment of scientific approaches to the definition of the concept �innovation� - revealing the essence and interconnection of the concepts of novelty, newness, innovation; - consideration of the main stages of the innovation life cycle. Results. Today, the world is at the crossroads of systems, both social and political, and if half a century ago policy was directed at saving millions of people from hunger, begging and was supported by the state and global politics, today it works against humanity[17]. Theoretical and methodological foundations for the study of innovations were laid by such worldrenowned scientists � economists as P. Drucker [3] and leading domestic researchers Yu. M. Bazhal [1], Yu. A. Danilenko [2], M. I. Krupka [5], M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky [13], who did considerable payment not only for World economy but also for native economy. Conclusions. Analyzing various definitions of innovations, we can conclude that innovations are of paramount importance for economic and social development of the state; we can claim that foreign and domestic scientists pay much attention to research on various aspects of innovation sphere. Innovation is the end result of innovative activity, which is embodied in the form of a new or improved product launched on the market or an improved technological result used in the practice of the enterprise. Ukraine's economy has a budget deficit, declining national income, disrupted balance of payments and trade, relocation of business activity, which together determine the state's capabilities, both financial and legal, which needs to address many complex issues and implement both national and regional programs that require intellectual and material costs. The main aim of economic policy of our state is to increase the welfare of the population and increase national competitive goods. This requires the maintenance of stable relationships between education, science and business, which directs the direction of innovation. Ukraine�s economy is experiencing a decline in GDP, imbalances in the balance of payments. It determines the financial and legal capabilities of the state, helps to implement national and regional programs. Ukraine is a strong state that has the scientific, resource potential and desire to live.

Research of Ethnic Tolerance in the Youth Environment

The current state of psychological research of ethnic tolerance in the youth environment is considered. Despite the existence of a certain degree of elaboration of the concept of ethnic tolerance in psychological literature and periodicals, the practical implementation of the study of the level of ethnic tolerance in various social strata and public entities is insufficient. The results of empirical research provide a real picture of the state of interethnic relations in this environment and provide grounds for practical measures to resolve possible conflict situations and harmonize interaction on an interethnic basis by uniting various ethnic groups in society. The purpose of the article is to empirically determine the level of ethnic tolerance among students of higher education institutions, to determine the level of its components, to establish links between tolerance and ethnic identity of respondents, to determine the prospects for further research. The results of an empirical study of ethnic tolerance among young people indicate that a person's tolerance to representatives of other ethnic groups is associated with awareness of belonging to their own ethnic group, that is, with a positively established ethnic identity. The vast majority of young people who have a normal level of ethnic identity, an average or high level of tolerance in general, they also have developed ethnic and social tolerance. Among the factors forming the appropriate level of ethnic tolerance, first of all, it is necessary to name the characteristics of the individual, the influence of the conditions of the social environment in which ethnic interaction is carried out, the presence of the practice of interethnic communication. A balanced State social and ethnic policy, especially in the field of education, should support and form a positive dynamic of interaction between different ethnic groups.

Demographic and Family Policies as a Part of Contemporary Social Policy: Theoretical Approaches, Goals, Implementation Mechanisms and Performance Assessment (Part 1)

The demographic situation in Russia continues to be extremely difficult: the number of births is declining while mortality is increasing and the population is aging. The problem is aggravated by the coronavirus pandemic, which has a negative impact on the health, mortality, and standard of living of the population. Under these conditions, there is a need for public policy, which can reverse or at least slow down the existing demographic trends. To do this it is necessary to understand its functions. The article deals with the state social policy and its parts (family and demographic policies). There is agreement on the definitions of each policy, but their functions and objectives continue to depend largely on the researcher's approach. The demographic policy is considered very broadly, and population reproduction may be associated with quality of life. There is a certain connection between them, but it is often indirect and it is impossible to clearly distinguish the contribution of the economic component to demographic development. It is also often emphasized that the demographic policy should not set clear quantitative goals. These two provisions blur the essence of this policy and, to some extent, limit the field of its implementation. Family policy, which is as equal a branch of social policy as demographic policy, is very often seen as a component of the demographic policy. This means that it gets assigned functions that are not peculiar to it, to the detriment of the family component itself. In order to increase the effectiveness of both policies, it is necessary to more clearly define their goals, functions, and mutual equality.

Social Expenditure and Competitiveness: Is there any Link?

Social policies form a part of every state’s basic economic policy. Many countries implement social policy measures to eradicate social conflicts. A key element of the design of any social measure is its financing. The main sources of financing for social benefits are fiscal policies and borrowing. Social expenditure is a key measure of a state's social policy. Although the exercise of social measures often significantly though indirectly benefits the society of a country, the basic assumption is that it places a certain direct burden on the country’s economy. Research says that social spending helps economic growth. The question is this: to what extent is social spending related to a state’s productivity? This question is critical for one reason in particular. Although social expenditure may be related to inflationary pressures or a slowdown in economic functioning, it may also help long-term economic functioning by stimulating productivity. The macroeconomic degree of productivity is important because the productivity of a state increases its competitiveness. This study will show whether social spending helps improve competitiveness. The methodology applied is ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple regression analysis.

"We are returning...". Issues of pension provision in the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the VIII convocation.

One of the main directions of the state's social policy is to support the elderly. In the Russian Federation, after the last pension reform of 2018, the issue of pension provision has become one of the main points of tension in the relationship between the state and society, which was reflected in the federal election campaign of 2021. The subject of study in this article is the proposals of political parties in the field of pension policy. The election programs of the parties in the 2021 elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the VIII convocation were used as the object of the study. The author examines the attitude of the authors of pre-election programs to certain aspects of pension reform, including changes in the retirement age, the direction of further reforms, social protection of pensioners and pre-retirees, in addition, a comparison with the position of the parties in 2016 was made. The results of the study are based on the use of general scientific methods and principles of scientific knowledge, a systematic approach, comparative analysis and historical objectivity. Despite the continued significant interest of the population in the pension problem in 2021, which sharply increased after the retirement age was increased, the parties were unable to fully realize the potential of this issue. Speaking from critical positions, they focused on counter-reform, reducing most of the proposals to a return to the past, practically offering no innovations. Most of the statements on raising the level of pensions were clearly populist in nature and had no mechanism for their implementation. Regarding the 2016 elections, opposition parties have noticeably intensified criticism of the existing system and the Pension Fund of Russia. United Russia, on the other hand, distanced itself as much as possible from the pension reform, without touching on the latest changes in its election theses. It can be expected that in the next election cycle, the pension issue will retain the status of one of the central issues in the election campaign.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in assisted living communities: Neighborhood deprivation and state social distancing policies matter.

Residents of long-term care facilities face significantly greater risk of contracting or dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, little is known about COVID-19 in assisted living communities (ALCs) and the potential determinants of its spread. We examined the association between COVID-19 cases in ALCs and the proportion of Medicare-Medicaid (dual) eligible minority residents, neighborhood area deprivation, and state COVID-19 policy stringency. We conducted longitudinal analyses employing data on confirmed COVID-19 cases in ALCs in 5 states. We sought to determine the weekly cumulative number of COVID-19 cases in ALCs. Covariates were ALC characteristics, area deprivation index, and state COVID-19 policy stringency. Multivariate 2-part models were used to determine the associations between independent variables and the likelihood of an outbreak and the overall count of cases. In our study sample, 201 ALCs (7.04%) reported 1 or more COVID-19 cases as of August 17, 2020. A higher percentage of minority residents was associated with an increased likelihood of an ALC reporting at least 1 COVID-19 case (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; P = .032). Conditional on having at least 1 case, ALCs in states with stricter social distancing policies had lower case counts (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.98; P < .001). Greater neighborhood deprivation was associated with higher case count (IRR, 1.36; P = .049). ALCs with higher proportions of dual-eligible minority residents were more likely to have COVID-19 outbreaks within their communities. ALCs located in more socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods, and in states with less stringent state social distancing policies, tended to have more COVID-19 cases.

The Social Contract as an Instrument of State Policy to Reduce Poverty

Goal. The article analyzes new approaches in the state policy of Russia to reduce poverty. The essence of the social contract as a tool for solving issues of state social assistance to low-income families (citizens) and improving the level and quality of their life is revealed. The results of experimental activities of 21 regions on the introduction of a social contract in the practice of providing state assistance are considered.Methods. The study uses a set of general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, system-functional and integrated approach. Within the framework of the stated topic, the systematization of theoretical provisions and modern approaches is carried out on the basis of studying the works of various authors, regulatory documents of the federal and regional level, official statistics.Results. The theoretical and practical significance of the presented research consists in the concretization and systematization of modern strategic approaches of the state policy of Russia, both in the field of overcoming poverty and in the provision of state social assistance to low-income categories of citizens. These areas of state social policy have not yet been sufficiently studied by Russian science. The conducted analysis justifies the need for further improvement of state policy in this direction. The obtained materials allow us to highlight the positive results achieved by the regions to date and identify the ways that led to them, which can contribute to the further development of the state social policy to overcome poverty and the system of state social assistance to poor categories of citizens.Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the state policy of Russia to reduce the level of poverty of the population, as one of the most acute problems. The article shows new strategies in the state social policy, identifies its weaknesses and strengths.

Factors and directions of revision of the French social paradigm

Historically, France is home to a number of concepts and practices for the creation of the welfare state (État providence). The state social policy is organically woven into the economic mechanism of this country and, it seemed, is its integral part. The purpose of the article is to identify the main directions of the revision of the social French paradigm. The generalization of the bibliography, historical and statistical analysis made it possible to identify a number of factors of such a revision, including the processes of transnationalization of French business, the scaling of trade, and the crisis of the post-industrial phase of global capitalism. The conclusion is substantiated that the shocks of the 2019 pandemic at the beginning of 2021 accelerated the evolution of French social policy in favor of the communitarian level due to the limited opportunities for social reforms at the country level. The antithesis of the initiatives of Emmanuel Macron is the growth of nationalist sentiments and ideas of Charles de Gaulle against the background of the crisis of convergence of the economies of the member countries.