State Regulation Of Economic Development Research Articles

О последствиях событийного экономического кризиса 2020 г. на национальном и региональном уровнях

The article presents an analysis of specific results, the most significant trends in the development of the Russian economy in 2020, caused by the spread of coronavirus infection. An assessment of social and economic indicators for 2020 compared to average values for the previous years 2017–2019 is given. The impact of an increase in the COVID-19 incidence on the demographic situation, introduction of quarantine restrictions on the regional economy of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, a federal entity of the North Caucasian Federal District, is shown. Obviously, the degree of manifestation of the economic crisis depends on the level of social and economic development of the regions of Russia. The authors note the characteristic features of the crisis generated by the pandemic, which must be taken into account when developing anti-crisis policy, as well as economic policy at the stage of overcoming the crisis. Some enterprises found themselves on the verge of bankruptcy not as a result of their own inefficient activities, not because of errors in state regulation of economic development, but because of the closure of borders and the introduction of lockdowns. The recession threatens to turn into a depression. Year 2020 showed the importance of timely adaptation to a changing reality, the need to take emergency and extraordinary medical, economic, social measures to mitigate the impact of the pandemic. In the course of the study, the features of changes in the state economic policy caused by crisis phenomena are highlighted. The crisis had an impact on the strategic goals of regional development, contributed to a change of fiscal and credit policies, changed the ways of coordination between government and business, and activated approaches and models of anti-crisis management. The recovery growth of the country’s economy with subsequent of sustainable development, the combination of anti-crisis measures with the implementation of structural modernization tasks will prevent the deterioration of the economic situation and overcome quickly the negative consequences of the crisis.

FEATURES OF THE CONCEPT STATE REGULATION OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT MINING INDUSTRY

The organization and maintenance of sustainable socio-economic progress of the country are closely connected not only with the rational use of the country’s natural resources, but also with the implementation of effective state policy on the protection and reproduction of natural biogeocenoses. The construction and implementation of such a policy must meet both the tactical and long-term prospects of economic and social development of the state. The strategic importance of the mining industry for society requires regulation to ensure sustainable development and should be regulated at the state level, but to be specific to regional specifics while taking into account national interests. The article identifies the basic theoretical provisions on the need, extent and methods of regulating the economy, environmental and economic, sustainable and innovation and technological development. The task of state regulation of economic development of the mining industry is substantiated. It is proposed to consider as a set of state measures in the coal, oil and gas, metallurgy, electricity and utilities, aimed at efficient use of natural resource potential based on mining, as well as their exploration, development, primary processing, use and marketing , as a result of which there are progressive changes of production and service and structural nature in the economy of the country and its regions. The purpose of state regulation is the efficient use of natural resource potential based on the extraction of minerals from the subsoil, as well as their exploration, development, primary processing, use and marketing. A set of measures of state regulation of economic development of the mining industry in the areas of planning, regulation, regulation, supervision and control is described. Particular attention is paid to regulatory tools, namely permits with appropriate administrative support, tax, investment. In determining the specifics of regulating the development of the industry, attention is focused on its relationship with the policy documents of the national and regional levels.

РЕГИОН КАК ОБЪЕКТ И СУБЪЕКТ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

The authors specifies the concept of the region, defines its essential features, identifies the basic prerequisites for the subjectivity of the region as an economic agent, assesses the compliance of the subject of the Federation and the federal district with the features of the region. The work justifies the role of the subject of the Federation and the federal district in the system of state regulation of economic development.

TOOLS OF BUDGET AND TAX REGULATION OF THE ECONOMY

Introduction. Today, budget and tax instruments play an important role in implementing the policy of state regulation of economic development. The implementation of effective economic policy involves the use of fiscal instruments that contribute to long-term financial and economic goals. Given this, the choice of fiscal instruments, the time of their implementation and their combination - these are important issues, so to address them it is necessary to conduct a balanced assessment of the financial and economic condition of the economy. Methods. In the process of writing the article used general scientific techniques and methods of economic research. The theoretical and methodological basis of intelligence is the analysis of scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the study of tools of budget and tax regulation of the economy, Internet resources. The article uses general and special research methods, in particular: general and special – to ensure the achievement of this goal; dialectical, abstract and logical – to substantiate theoretical positions and conclusions. Results. The article analyzes the theoretical aspects of the concept of «fiscal regulation». The decisive role of budgetary and tax instruments in the development of the state economy is stated. It is determined that in the vast majority of cases, fiscal instruments are considered by scholars as a general system of budgetary and fiscal instruments. It is proved that effective budget and tax regulation helps to ensure the way out of crisis processes of the state. The results of the study allow us to state the existence of a significant number of fiscal instruments. Discussion. Further research will focus on the study of budget and tax tools as the main element of the system of regulation of economic development of the state. Keywords: budget and tax regulation, budget instrument, tax instrument, economic development.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗАСАДИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНИМ РОЗВИТКОМ СЕКТОРУ ТУРИСТИЧНИХ ПОСЛУГ В УКРАЇНІ

The article is devoted to substantiation of conceptual bases of state regulation of economic development of sector of tourist services in Ukraine. In the course of the research the author's vision of using the tools of state regulation in the field of tourism is proposed. The authors proved that in order to increase the efficiency of tourism, a holistic system of regulation and management is needed, which meets modern and future requirements of dynamic development. As a result, some changes in the elements and instruments of state regulation of world tourism took place in 2020, due to the need to introduce new measures of state influence during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the corresponding decline in the analyzed area. Thus, in particular, large-scale comprehensive measures are being taken in various countries around the world to support tourism as a priority for maintaining employment and economic development.

КІЛЬКІСНІ АСПЕКТИ ПЕРЕБІГУ СУЧАСНОЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ КРИЗИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article attempts to quantify the main parameters that characterize the economic crisis in Ukraine. Historical and systemic approaches are used as a basis of research methodology. In the course of the research the following methods were used: analysis to determine the comparative dynamics of macroeconomic indicators; Fourier analysis to determine the cyclical nature of the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators, the calculation of the duration and length of cycles; f-statistics to confirm the validity of the performed theoretical approximation of the lines of dynamics; analysis of variance to assess the variability of macroeconomic indicators; synthesis to build a time map of the aggravation of the crisis period of Ukraine’s economy. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of key macroeconomic indicators for the period 2010- 2020 in a quarterly manner. The cyclical nature of such dynamics is determined and formalized, with confirmation of reliability by means of f-statistics at the level of not less than 0.95. Two cycles of dynamics of macroeconomic indicators lasting 4 and 48 quarters were revealed. The beginning (IV quarter of 2010 / I quarter of 2011) and the end (IV quarter of 2023 / I quarter of 2024) of the modern period of economic crisis in Ukraine are determined. The variability of macroeconomic indicators according to their empirical values and deviations from the theoretical approximation of time lines is estimated and it is confirmed that the basis of variability of the analyzed indicators is their random fluctuations around the theoretical approximation of time lines. It was found that the greatest variability is inherent in price indices (consumer and industrial producers). The article further develops the methodological and practical principles of preventing the development of crisis processes in Ukraine by confirming their cyclicality and determining the duration of cycles, which allows to justify the application of countercyclical measures taking into account the specifics of quantitative patterns of crisis processes. The obtained results will contribute to the improvement of state regulation of economic development of Ukraine, taking into account its cyclical nature and duration of the current socioeconomic crisis.

ЯПОНСЬКЕ ЕКОНОМІЧНЕ ДИВО: ІСТОРИЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК КРАЇНИ У ПЕРІОД 1945–1991 РР.

The article presents the experience of Japan in the post-war reconstruction of the country in the period 1945–1991. The socio-economic situation of the country after the Second World War was considered. The historical stages of the country's development in the period under study are determined. The historical conditions in which the country found itself in the postwar period are analyzed. Key historical figures who influenced the development of the country were identified. The directions and measures of reforming and development of the country are revealed and presented. The importance of external factors and foreign policy for the country's assertion on the world stage has been proved. The factors of creating an effective political system, effective public administration, sustainable social and human development are formulated. It was proved that the United States has played an important role in forcing both Japan's political and economic systems. The United States provided Japan with significant financial, economic, and food aid to Japan. During the war between the United States and Korea and Vietnam, the United States placed military orders in Japan, which contributed to the development of the country's industrial base. It was found that the quality of the labor force, its general education and professional level played an extremely important role in the reconstruction of the economy. The effective state regulation of economic development in Japan, which on the one hand was aimed at developing the civil sector of the economy, and on the other at concentrating efforts on cooperation between government and private business at the stage of developing solutions to economic development, played a critical role in "Japanese miracle".

Scientific and theoretical justification of the essence of territories development

The article presents the scientific and theoretical justification of the essence of territorial development. For the purpose of study and detailed analysis of the «development» concept, the work generalizes existing approaches to development in the context of its goals determining, among which are distinguished: functional-resource, systemic, behavioral, cluster, strategic, scenario. It has been determined that, by meaningful content, development is a complex of changes by which a social system, which oriented on satisfying the basic needs and needs of individuals and population groups moves from a state of general dissatisfaction to new more favorable material and spiritual living conditions. It is substantiated that the effectiveness of a territory development characterizes the region state as a socioeconomic system, which will reflect the characteristic features of various economic, social and other phenomena in the process of improving its functioning and in the context of meeting certain social needs. The relationship between ensuring of the territory development and the solution of many territorial socio-economic problems is proved. The key features of the territory development were identified, namely: sustainability and balance. Theories of regional policy are investigated, which were classified into 3 groups: placement theories, regional growth theories and theories of state regulation of economic development. Internal factors of the territory development are identified, among which the most significant influence is: territorial, administrative, economic, institutional, demographic, organizational. An importance of term system building of the territory economic development, which will contribute to the schematization of this concept structure and its more thorough interpretation, is proved.

Tax revenues in the system of budget revenues formation

Relevance of research topic. Taxes play a significant role in the system of state regulation of the country's economic development. The cyclicality and dynamism of economic processes necessitates the adaptation of the tax regulation mechanism to changes in financial and economic conditions. It is important to timely and carefully assess the impact of taxes on social production, its dynamics and structure. Budget and tax policies should be mutually consistent with the strategic objectives of economic transformation, aimed at creating the proper conditions for deepening the interaction of the state and society. Formulation of the problem. In the context of economic transformations, the important task is to change the approaches to fiscal policy in terms of improving the tax system's tax structure, which are budget-forming components, which requires further scientific research into the theoretical and applied aspects of administration of tax revenues in the system of forming the revenue part of the budget. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problem of the formation of tax revenues and their impact on the market equilibrium is quite widespread in scientific research. These are works by well-known domestic and foreign scholars: J.J. Buchanan, W. Mitchell, J. M. Keynes, T. Bogolyub, I. Zapatrina, L. Lisyak, I. Chugunova and others. Identification of unexplored parts of the general problem. The above issues are updated in connection with the strengthening of globalization processes, the adverse external and internal economic environment, which requires the solution of a number of specific tasks related to determining the level of tax burden in such a way as to achieve a balance between budget expenditures and its revenues and the processes of revival of business activity were not restrained, the level of growth of the shadow sector of the economy did not deepen. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The objectives of the study are: the disclosure of the role of taxes in the state regulation of economic development of the country, the analysis and assessment of tax revenues in the system of budget revenue formation. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the priority tasks of the fiscal policy on the formation of tax revenues, and to improve their architectonics in the context of institutional transformations. Method or methodology of conducting research. The article uses a set of methods of scientific research: system approach, statistical analysis, structuring, analysis, synthesis, and others. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The role of taxes in the state regulation of economic development of the country is determined. The analysis and estimation of tax revenues in the budget revenue generation system was carried out. The priority tasks of fiscal policy concerning formation of tax revenues, improvement of their architectonics under the conditions of institutional transformations are substantiated. The field of application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the process of formation and implementation of Ukraine's fiscal policy. Conclusions according to the article. The role of taxes in the system of state regulation of economic processes is ensured by their influence on social production, its dynamics and structure. Ensuring the stability of budget revenues and fiscal adequacy involves developing an effective concept for the development of the tax system, based on realistic forecasts of socio-economic development of the country; assessment of the tax potential of administrative and territorial units. The starting base for the formation of the revenue part of the state and local budgets is the rational allocation and consolidation of specific tax revenues. The system of tax regulation should be based on a clear combination of legally established mechanisms for the establishment, collection and redistribution of tax revenues between budgets of different levels. The article defines the strategic priorities of the fiscal policy in relation to the formation of tax revenues in the budget revenue generation system.

SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY OF RESEARCHES OF THE HIGH INDUSTRY OF THE EASTERN REGION OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR

The First World War led to significant changes in the geopolitical situation in the world. Its scale and duration led to the collapse of several empires, among which was the Russian Empire. The association of as many of the territories that were previously part of the Russian Empire, the aggressiveness of the foreign policy of the USSR, and the excessive analysis of all spheres of life required an appropriate economic foundation, the implementation of ideological work and ethno-national policy. This marked the isolation of the Soviet historiography of the newest period in the history of mankind, beginning with the Bolshevik revolution, which led to the perception and consideration of the history of the First World War as periods of 1914–1916 and 1917–1918. Thus, the fact of political life was a factor in the allocation of certain historical periods, which to a large extent contradicted the distinction of historical periods of human development on the basis of changes in industrial and economic relations. The Marxist periodization, modified by the Bolshevik leaders in accordance with its goals, became an important factor which influence on the coverage of the history of the First World War in the USSR. The main aim of the article is to overview Soviet historiography on the state of heavy industry in the East of Ukraine during the First World War and to analyze the views of the authors on the economic phenomena and processes that took place at these enterprises in 1914 – 1918. It is important to mention that the substantiation of the historical condition of the establishment of Soviet power during the 1920’s after a long civil war, demanded a certain shift in the emphasis on the coverage of economic processes during the First World War. On the one hand, there was a need to prove the existence of a monopoly capitalism in the Russian Empire, whose destruction was declared an important milestone in the construction of a «socialist society», but on the other hand – economic transformations and successes in the USSR for a long time were evaluated in comparison with the achievements of the Russian Empire in 1913. This led to the gradual introduction of various stamps in the assessments of economic development both during the First World War and in the prewar period, which largely reflected by Soviet historiography. Despite the existing Soviet historiography, in which the authors analyzed economic phenomena and processes during the First World War, changes in the heavy industry of the East of Ukraine, unfortunately, were investigated only fragmentarily: mostly in the context of processes that took place in the territory of the Russian Empire. However, in the presence of general tendencies in the field of finance and measures aimed at ensuring state regulation of economic development, there were a number of peculiarities in the field of heavy industry in Ukrainian lands which were not subject of scientific studies. The main idea of the article is that in the second half of the XX century, in the Soviet historiography, coverage of the First World War gave way to the study of the events of the Second World War. The increase in interest in this event was followed in the writings of Russian scientists in the 90's of the XX century. As a result of content analysis and critical discourse analysis, this interest was partly due to the growing tendency to outline the links between the Russian Federation and the Russian Empire, criticizing the Soviet period in the history of the country. Imperial ambitions of the Russian Federation at the beginning of the XXI century became one of the factors of increasing attention to the events of the First World War.