State Register Of Breeding Achievements Research Articles

<i>Heracleum sosnowskyi</i> (Apiaceae): eradication or wise utilization of plant raw Materials?

The uncontrolled spreading of the monodominant colonies of Sosnowsky's hogweed Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. (Apiaceae) in Russia made the researchers look for methods of using its biomass in various sectors of the economy, which should prevent its further spread. The proposed methods of using plant biomass and technologies for obtaining useful substances from H. sosnowskyi have been developed regardless of inevitable changes in populations’ characteristics: in populations on abandoned lands that are currently unaffected by anthropogenic disturbance, under regular utilization the regeneration will decrease, resulting in reduced yields and profitability of production. It is possible to maintain a high yield of hogweed necessary for its utilization only under strictly controlled cultivation, which prevents its “escape”; however, it is not possible now, as this species has been removed from the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use. At the same time, there is a sufficient range of alternative sources of raw materials that contain useful substances, which are suggested to be obtained from H. sosnowskyi. Harvesting of H. sosnowskyi for raw materials from the roadside treelines and small rivers' riparian areas is so much a problem, that it is not considered in publications, although these particular ecotopes are the constant foci of ongoing invasion. Due to the uncontrolled spread of the H. sosnowskyi, the biodiversity of agricultural lands, including wild-growing food, technical and medicinal plants (including wild relatives of cultivated plants) are under threat.

Новый гибрид подсолнечника ЮВС 8

A new promising hybrid UVS 8 was developed at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Organization “Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region”. The vegetative period is 89–93 days. Over the years of research in competitive variety trials, the new hybrid surpassed the standard UVS 3 in yield by 0.66 t/ha and in oil yield by 0.3 t/ha. The hybrid UVS 8 was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2023 and approved for production in the Low Volga region.

The usage of physiological methods in the creation of soybean varieties

The results of a study of the operation of photosystem II in the leaves of nine soybean varieties bred by the All-Russian Research Institute of Soybean are presented in order to identify genotypes with increased photosynthetic activity for inclusion in the breeding process when creating highly productive varieties of a new generation. A comparative assessment of varieties is given in terms of effective quantum yield of photosynthesis (Y) and chlorophyll fluorescence (F0), relative electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical energy conversion depending on light saturation. The soybean varieties Gracia, Sonata and Kitrossa had the highest indicators for the studied parameters, significantly exceeding the standard variety Lydia. The effective quantum yield of photosynthesis, which shows the degree of absorption of solar energy, in the Gracia and Sonata varieties during the entire growing season was at the level of 0.80–0.83 rel. units, with this indicator exceeding for the Lydia variety by 0.09–0.13 rel. units depending on the phase of plant growth and development. The quantum yield of fluorescence (F0) in the leaves of the Lydia variety during the flowering phase exceeded the Gracia, Sonata and Kitrossa varieties by 60, 56 and 63%, respectively, which indicates a reduced activity of photosystem II in this variety. The efficiency of photochemical conversion of photosynthetic energy during the flowering phase was most stable in the leaves of the Sonata variety at light levels from 600 to 1500 µmol quanta/(m2∙s). Using the soybean variety Gratsia as the maternal form (♀) when crossed with the hybrid Am.2146, which was obtained with the inclusion of the Sonata variety in the hybridization, which also has a high degree of absorption of light quanta, the Radiant variety was create. Variety passed testing in 2021–2022, and in 2023 included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements for cultivation in the Far Eastern (12) region.

New productive pear variety Favoritka

The results of the selection and variety study of pears in the conditions of the Southern Urals are considered. At the South Ural Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato Growing, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Urfanits Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, breeding work was carried out to improve the assortment of pears for the Ural region. As a result of many years of breeding work, the range of fruit and berry plants was replenished with a new pear variety, Favoritka, which in 2022 was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use. In the process of breeding work, the winter hardiness of pear varieties in the harsh climatic conditions of the Chelyabinsk region was studied, as a result it was noted that infield conditions when the temperature dropped to -40 ° C, freezing of trees of local varieties did not exceed 1 point. An assessment was made of the yield of local varieties, among which the following varieties stand out: Vekovaya, Myth, Favoritka, and Zolotoy Shar, with an average yield of 24 - 28 kg per tree. The economic indicators of the Favoritka pear variety (profitability level of 253.5%) indicate its suitability for cultivation in both industrial and amateur gardening in the Ural region. A pomological description and assessment of the economic usefulness of the new Favoritka pear variety are presented, which combines large fruit (fruit weight can reach 340 g), high winter hardiness, productivity, resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors (not affected by scab, resistant to pear gall mite), has fruits of excellent taste, suitable for fresh consumption, as well as for processing (preparing jams, preserves, compotes, etc.). The variety is in demand among the population and is of interest as a source of giant fruit in further breeding work.

Sudogda is a new variety of winter triticale for fodder production

Sudogda is a new variety of winter triticale for fodder production

Biochemical analyses in the ICARDA collection of unique dried materials of lentils

Background: Among conventional grains, lentils stand out as a rich source of nutrients, boasting high levels of protein and low levels of carbohydrates. They serve as an excellent meat alternative and are abundant in macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive phytochemicals. The red lentil seed coat surpasses other legumes in phenol content, showcasing remarkable antioxidant activity. Recognized as a high-level functional crop, lentils demonstrate efficacy in mitigating various health issues, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Objective: This study aims to analyze the biochemical and bioactive components, such as proteins and monosaccharides, in selected lentil varieties that thrive in the conditions of the Ararat Valley and hold economic value. The objective is to evaluate their potential as functional foods. Methods: This study was conducted at the Scientific Centre of Vegetables and Industrial Crops in Darakert, Armenia, from 2021 to 2022, and used a block-randomized design with 4 replications. Lentil seeds were planted in mid-May, with proper care and optimal spacing. Harvested in mid-July, lentil fruits underwent biochemical analysis in the laboratory. Investigated lentil varieties included those from ICARDA collection and locally bred ones. Total protein, protein nitrogen, and carbohydrate content were determined using Kjeldahl’s, Bernstein’s, and Ofner's iodometric methods, respectively. Results: The investigation into the biochemical properties of the selected lentil varieties revealed protein levels ranging from 20.5% to 23.9%, non-protein content between 1.2% and 1.6%, and monosaccharides ranging from 6.2% to 6.7%. Conclusions: Economically valuable lentil varieties, both sourced from the ICARDA collection (Flip 2007-12L, Flip 2007-3L, Flip 2007-30L, EP-54, Sell from1767L) and locally bred varieties that are registered in the State Register of Breeding achievements of Armenia (Talini-6, Haykakan88), exhibit high concentrations of key biochemical properties such as proteins, non-proteins, and monosaccharides. When considering their potential as functional foods with various health benefits, these varieties align well with contemporary nutritional trends emphasizing the inclusion of health-promoting ingredients in diets. Further research and development in this area hold the promise of not only expanding the agricultural and culinary landscape in Armenia but also contributing to the broader conversation around nutrition and functional foods around the world. Keywords: lentils, biochemical properties, protein, non-protein, monosaccharides

Economic and biological characteristics of soft winter wheat variety Krasnoobskaya ozimay

One of the main tasks of modern breeding is to create the varieties that are resistant to negative environmental factors giving consistently high yields in a changing climate. Since 2021, the variety of soft winter wheat Krasnobskaya оzimaya, created by recombination breeding, has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. Its pedigree includes, along with wheat varieties, triticum-agropyrum hybrid and triticale. This variety was evaluated for its economically valuable traits and properties. The studies were carried out in 2015–2022 in the Novosibirsk region. Novosibirskaya 40 was the standard, Novosibirskaya 3 was the control. Krasnobskaya оzimaya variety is recommended for cultivation in the forest-steppe zone of the West Siberian region. It is medium maturing, has rather high winter hardiness (60.0%) and resistance to lodging (4.1 to 4.7 points) with plant height up to 101 cm. The weight of 1000 grains averages 37.9 g. The variety has a high coefficient of productive tillering (5.3 pcs.). Over the years of the study, the average yield of the variety was 5.03 t/ha. On average, according to the results of the tests in the state variety test plots of the Novosibirsk region the yield amounted to 4.34 t/ha, the maximum yield was observed at the Maslyaninsky variety test plot – 4.9 t/ha, which is 1.14 t/ha higher than the standard. According to the results of the ecological test, the yield exceeded the varieties Novosibirskaya 40 and Novosibirskaya 3 by 0.74 and 0.41 t/ha, respectively, winter hardiness was at the level of the standards. High and stable yield of this variety is formed due to a number of economically valuable features: productive bushiness, weight of 1000 grains, resistance to lodging, winter hardiness. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the optimal sowing date of the Krasnobskaya оzimaya variety is September 1 with a shift of 1–3 days in both directions.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТЬ НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПО ОТРАСЛЕВЫМ ПРИОРИТЕТАМ

The article presents the results of the institution’s research work obtained in 2023. Research is focused on solving problems: accelerated creation of new varieties of horticultural crops based on the mobilization of bioresource collections using molecular genetic methods and digital technologies; ensuring environmental and economic sustainability and optimal productivity of perennial agrocenoses, as well as the quality and safety of preserved plant agricultural raw materials based on biologization and digitalization of technological processes. An analysis of the effectiveness of scientific and technical activities is given according to the criteria of research, publishing, publiсation, inventive activity, innovative, educational and financial and economic activities of a scientific institution. As a result of R&D, 115 completed developments of fundamental importance have received, forming the methodological and methodical basis for the creation of scientific and technical products of a priority applied level. Fundamentally new developments in applied research in the fields of knowledge relevant to the scientific institution were 81 developments that provide improvement in the quantitative and qualitative indicators of biocenotic and production processes in fruit and vineyards, technological processes during storage and processing of agricultural products. The gene pool is preserved – 7,253 samples of fruit, berry, nut crops and grapes, replenished with 127 varieties; clones were selected and 7 donors were identified and 53 sources for creating new varieties that combine high potential productivity, winter hardiness, drought resistance, sustainability to the most harmful diseases and pests. The State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use in 2023 in the North Caucasus (6) region includes 3 varieties of apple trees, one grape variety, one clonal rootstock of small stone fruit crops, a rose variety bred by the scientific institution. Output products are registered in the USAIS electronic accounting database in the form of intellectual property for 99 completed developments. Regulatory documentation has been developed in the form of organizational standards, technological instructions and technical conditions for 37 completed developments.

Conservation of biodiversity of subtropical crops (Citrus L., Diospyros kaki L., and Feijoa sellowiana B.) in the collections of the Federal Research Center SSC of RAS

The article examines the biodiversity of subtropical plants in the collections of the Subtropical Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Citrus L., Diospyros kaki L. and Feijoa sellowiana B.). Citrus fruits are represented by 144 taxa, persimmon – 27 varieties, feijoa – 13 specimens. The purpose of the study is to preserve biodiversity and replenish collections with new introduction and selection varieties. Collectible specimens are preserved alive and serve as the object of comprehensive research. Sources of economically valuable traits - early ripening, dwarfism, winter hardiness, early ripening, fruit size and productivity - have been identified and included in various breeding programs for the creation and improvement of varieties. As a result of hybridization, a diverse range of hybrid forms was obtained, including 350 forms. Two forms of Feijoa sellowiana (SHW-1: 13-11), two hybrids of C. paradise (GA-1; G-A-2) and four forms of Diospyros kaki are currently being tested. In 2023, the biodiversity of the collections was replenished with four new varieties bred at the Center. Three varieties of tangerine (‘Academichesky’, ‘Solnechny’, ‘Prince Vladimir’) and a variety of eastern persimmon (‘Zukhra’) are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation.

Testing of indeterminate heterotic tomato hybrids of Ural breeding in conditions of low-volume hydroponics

The purpose of the work is to create new domestic tomato hybrids for protected soil with high adaptability and an increased content of biologically active compounds for functional nutrition. 9 new tomato hybrids were evaluated in the control nursery of the preliminary test on the basis of Teplichnoye JSC in conditions of low-volume hydroponics without additional illumination. The hybrids G-1214-23, G-922-23, G-122-23, F1 Nastavnik had the highest productivity, providing yields above 50 kg/m2 in extended turnover. An extended biochemical analysis of the fruits of nine of the most promising tomato hybrids with more than 36 indicators was carried out. For further testing, registration and entry into the State Register of Breeding Achievements, a sample with a high content of biologically active compounds and high productivity G-922-23 and highly productive samples G-1214-23 and G-122-23 are recommended as a tomato hybrid for functional nutrition.

Replenishment of the bioresource collection of the Subtropical Scientific Centre with varieties of own selection

These studies were conducted in the humid subtropics of the Krasnodar Region. The bioresource collection of the Subtropical Scientific Centre is preserved, mobilized, and maintained in living form, comprising 800 varieties of subtropical crops and over 2,000 ornamental flowering plants. The main methods of replenishment are introduction and breeding of new varieties, the value of which lies in their adaptability to local growing conditions. As a result of breeding research at the Centre, 277 varieties of tea, persimmon, mandarin, feijoa, azimina, hazelnut, fig, strawberry, peach, plum, apple, pear, pelargonium, hippeastrum, freesia, anemone, chrysanthemum, gerbera, tulip, primrose, and peony have been obtained. Over the past 6 years (2019–2024), the collection has been supplemented with new varieties resistant to major environmental stress factors, which have high yield, fruit quality, productivity, and ornamental value. In the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use, 73 varieties are registered, including 65 varieties of flowering plants and 8 subtropical fruit and nut crops.

A new variety of spring barley Boyarin and elements of varietal technology

The development of the Boyarin spring barley variety was carried out in 2008-2022, the improvement of varietal agricultural technology – in 2021-2022 in the soil and climatic conditions of the Kirov region. The Boyarin spring barley variety is characterized by a high yield (up to 6.15 t/ha in 2017), in some years exceeding the Belgorod 100 standard (by 0.9 t/ha in 2018). The variety is medium-early, the duration of the growing season is from 76 to 97 days; forms a highly productive stem (390 pcs/m2) due to good survival and bushiness of plants (2.0 pcs/plant), has a strong straw and is characterized by high resistance to lodging (5.0 points). The weight of 1000 grains is up to 47 g, the nature is up to 683 g/l, the protein content in the grain is up to 12.2 %. According to the quality of grain, it belongs to the varieties of grain-forage use. Since 2023, the Boyarin variety has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use in the Volga-Vyatka region. The article provides a scheme for creating a new variety of spring barley Boyarin and its economic and biological characteristics. When developing elements of varietal technology, new biofertilizers (Azolene, Azotovite, Phosphatovite, Kalivite, Nitroslak) andbiofungicides (Pseudobacterin, Flavobacterin, Alirin) were tested, which were used to treat seeds and plants in the "tillering" and "earing" phases. In relatively arid vegetation conditions (HTC = 1.23), no statistically significant yield increases were obtained from the use of all the studied preparations. With excessive moisture during the growing season of plants (HTC = 2.20) relatively high yield increases (1.31-1.58 t/ha with LSD05 = 0.50) were obtained in variants using biofertilizers Phosphatovite (seed treatment), Azotovite (plant treatment in the "earing" phase) and Kaliivit (treatment of plants in the "tillering" phase). The best biological protection against root rot at the level of 60.5 % was provided by the treatment of seeds with Nitroslak biofertilizer, which is not only a nitrogen fixator and phosphate immobilizer, but it also contains a binary mixture of microorganisms antagonists of phytopathogens.

Model of winter soft wheat variety for steppe condition zone

Due to the increased aridization of the environment in the main agricultural zones of the Don, the parameters of the model of winter soft wheat varieties of intensive and semi-intensive types have been clarified. At the present stage, the potential productivity of intensive wheat at a high agrofone is 9,0-10,5 t/ha of grain, which is due to the productive stem of 660-800 ears/m2. In semi-intensive varieties on the average agrophone, the values of these indicators are respectively 7,0-7,5 t/ha and 580-620 ears/m2. The productivity of the ear, respectively, should be 1,2-1,5 g and 1,1-1,2 g and with a grain share in the cenosis of 40-45% and 36-38%, respectively. With different stress factors, the peculiarities of the formation of agroecotypes of new varieties were revealed. The selection criterion for drought-resistant productive forms was the selection of genotypes with a high yield index. However, the main trend related to productivity and adaptability in drought conditions is the creation of new genotypes with increased grain weight from the plant and from the ear. This is the most objective integrated assessment of their drought resistance. The progress in the yield growth of semi-dwarf and medium-sized wheat varieties is also due to an increase in the capacity of cenosis. as a result of the use of new parameters of the model of intensive and high-intensity genotypes, varieties of winter soft wheat Donmira, Akapella, Bogema, Bylina Dona i Pal'mira 18, Kuryanochka 19, Pafos, developed for the Central Chernozem, North Caucasus, Lower Volga, Middle Volga and Ural regions, were created and included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2019-2022. These varieties are well adapted for arid regions according to the complex of breeding and valuable traits.

Breeding institutions of Russia and their contribution to improving the apple tree assortment

The requirements for apple cultivars are constantly increasing due to the improvement of their cultivation techniques. Even cultivars, which satisfied consumers 20-30 years ago, now do not meet due to the changed requirements. One of the main reasons for this lag of breeders is the duration of the juvenile period in hybrid apple seedlings. According to our data, it takes 27 years to create one cultivar (from hybridization to inclusion of the cultivar in the State Register of Breeding Achievements). The task is to reduce this period to at least 20 years. This reduction depends on the breeders. The final assessment of the apple cultivar largely depends on the State Commission of the Russian Federation for Testing and Evaluation of Cultivars. Below is information on the number of apple cultivars created in large Russian breeding institutions. 57 apple cultivars have been created and zoned in the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding, of which 4 cultivars have already been zoned in 4 regions, 4 apple cultivars are zoned in 3 regions, 10 cultivars are zoned in 2 regions, the remaining cultivars are zoned in one region so far. FSBSI FSC named after I. V. Michurin (former CSL named after I. V. Michurin and Russian Research Institute of Horticulture named after I. V. Michurin). 37 apple cultivars were created and zoned. Of particular interest, in our opinion, are such new cultivars as Academic Kazakov, Blagovest, Bylina, Vishnevaya, Vympel, Pamyat Nesterova, Krasnoye Rannye, Munster, Flagman and Fregat. FSBSI FSC of Horticulture (Birulyovo). 18 apple cultivars have been created and zoned. All of them are zoned in the Central Region of Russia. North Caucasian FSSC of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking. 34 apple cultivars have been created and zoned, of which 5 cultivars are already cultivated in two regions. Crimea. Nikitsky Botanical Garden. Scientific Center (Crimean Experimental Gardening Station). 14 apple cultivars have been developed. FSBSI Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of RAS. 37 apple cultivars have been developed. In this article, the authors tried to show the tremendous work that apple breeders are doing in different regions of Russia.

New apple variety – Hrustal’nyj Bashmachok

The domestic apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) occupies a leading place among fruit crops, both in terms of area planted and in terms of gross fruit harvest. Currently, apple tree varieties are subject to strict requirements for highly adaptability, winter hardiness, early fruiting, high yield and quality of fruits. The new apple tree variety Hrustal’nyj Bashmachok (breeding number 1-18), meets many of the listed requirements, is the result of breeding work of the Orenburg branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, aimed at improving the assortment and meeting the demand of producers and consumers of agricultural products in the Ural region. A variety of autumn ripening, universal use, obtained from open pollination of Antonovki Obyknovennoj and combines in its genotype such valuable qualities as high winter hardiness, productivity, and resistance to scab. The tree is medium in size, with a rounded crown of medium density. Fruits with an average weight of 152 g, conical, regular in shape. The surface of the fruit is smooth, slightly ribbed, the main color at the time of harvest and consumer ripeness is greenish-yellow. The outer color is present on a smaller part of the fruit and is orange. Subcutaneous dots are small, white, barely noticeable. The fruit pulp is creamy, dense, juicy, fine-grained, with a medium aroma. The taste is sweet and sour, pleasant, tasting score 4.4 points, average aroma. The shelf life of fruits is 20-30 days. Chemical composition of the fruit: sugar content 10.8 %, ascorbic acid 19.1 mg/100 g, dry matter 13.4 %; acidity 0.8 %. The Hrustal’nyj Bashmachok variety has average drought and heat resistance, is slightly affected by scab, and begins to bear fruit in the third year after planting. Over a long period of study, the variety showed a high level of economically valuable traits, including yield from 14.8 to 18.8 t/year and stable annual fruiting. The Crystal Shoe variety has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use in the Ural region since 2022 and is recommended for updating the industrial assortment of the region and cultivation in farms of various categories.

Embryo rescue in stone fruit breeding: specifics and application success

The development of stone fruit varieties that meet modern production requirements is a labor-intensive process involving low yields of progeny obtained through controlled intraspecific and interspecific hybridization, which can take up to 25 years. The non-viability of hybrid seeds is caused by the abortion of the embryo that does not have time to complete its morphophysiological development and endosperm abortion in interspecific hybrids. It is possible to preserve hybrids having a unique combination of traits by removing embryos derived from interspecific and intergeneric crossing that are unable to survive in vivo or when using conventional methods for breeding embryos at early developmental stages and placing them under in vitro conditions for further development. On the basis of literary sources, the study aims to analyze growth media, conditions of their application, and time of embryo placement under in vitro conditions designed to preserve immature embryos and create hybrids of stone fruit crops, as well as to identify the most effective in vitro embryo isolation schemes for further use in the breeding process. The analytical review used open sources containing information on the composition of the most commonly used growth media, their compositions, modifications, application conditions, time of embryo placement under in vitro conditions for common peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.), common apricot (P. armeniaca L.), common plum (P. domestica L.), Chinese plum (P. salicina Lindl.), cherry plum (P. cerasifera Ehrh.), sloe (P. spinosa L.), sour cherry (P. cerasus L.), sweet cherry (P. avium (L.) L.), as well as electronic scientific libraries (eLibrary, Scopus, and Google Scholar). The performed analysis of works revealed the following media as optimal for sustaining the development of embryos: common peach – modified growth medium Woody Plant (up to 100 % of preserved embryos); common apricot – modified Monnier (up to 92.4 % of preserved embryos); sour cherry, sweet cherry, plum, and interspecific hybrids – different variants of Murashige and Skoog (over 70 % of preserved embryos). The used modifiers include 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP), gibberellic acid (GA), kinetin, peracetic acid, carbohydrates, L-glutamine, iron chelate, ascorbic acid, thiamine, glutamic acid, tryptophan, casein hydrolysate, etc. The time of placement under in vitro conditions varies from 28 days (sour cherry) to 99 days (common peach) depending on the crop. Stratification in the dark at +4…+5 ℃ prior to development increases the yield of viable embryos. The optimal photoperiod for in vitro embryo cultivation ranges from 12 (common peach) to 16 (cherry plum, sour cherry, sweet cherry, and interspecific hybrids) hours. As a result of selection from the fund of hybrids obtained through embryo preservation, one common peach variety (Krymskii Shedevr) and three sweet cherry varieties (Vesnyany Naspivy, Prizerka, and Uslada), recommended for the North Caucasus region, were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use; two common plum varieties (Tulitsa and Velichavaya) were included into the Register of Protected Breeding Achievements for the Central Region.

Изучение генетического разнообразия образцов коллекции розы эфиромасличной института сельского хозяйства Крыма с применением ISSR-маркеров

Essential-oil rose is a valuable crop widely used in production. The compliance with international quality standards is relevant for domestic production of essential-oil roses. In this regard an important stage of work in essential-oil roses breeding field is assessment of their genetic polymorphism which is necessary for parental form selection, new samples study. To protect property rights of such cultivars of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea as Zolushka, Lan, Lada, Legrina and Raduga that are included in the "The state register of breeding achievements permitted for cultivation", it is necessary to develop genetic passports. An available method for genetic diversity study is inter-simple sequence repeats analysis also used for crops genetic passportization. In 2022, to analyze RIAC essential-oil rose collection genetic diversity with ISSR-PCR, ten rose cultivars were studied, some of which originated from Bulgaria and the others were bred in Crimea. Eight most effective ISSR primers were selected, their optimal annealing temperature was determined and informative parameters such as PIC, EMR and MI were calculated. All primers showed 100% polymorphism of samples. According to ISSR-PCR data, genetic distances matrix was constructed and on its basis samples clustering by UPGMA method was carried out. Due to a dendrogram analysis, two Crimean cultivars Aura and Zolushka were included in the same group with cultivars from Bulgaria. That may indicate genetic proximity of these cultivars to Bulgarian ones which are the world quality standard. At the same time Raduga cultivar is genetically removed from all varieties. The work result is development of effective methodology for assessing RIAC essential oil rose collection genetic diversity using ISSR markers.

Селекция подсолнечника в изменяющихся агроклиматических условиях Тамбовской области

Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture – a branch of the I.V. Michurin Federal Research Center (early Tambov State Regional Agricultural Experimental station) has been conducting the breeding of sunflowers from the 50th of the last century. The Tambov region is located on 52 grad. N lat. In the north border of the sunflower cultivation. The duration of a period from seedling appearance to physiological maturity of sunflower should be equal no more than 80–85 days in conditions of the Tambov region. A short frostless period and early autumn colds, often accompanied with long rains do not allow producing more productive sunflower varieties and hybrids with a growing season of 120–130 days. The agricultural production requires for very early and early varieties maturing without desiccation before harvest. During these years, as the results of scientific breeding works, 19 varieties and a hybrid of sunflower were developed. Currently, five varieties Spartak, Chakinsky 931, Chakinsky 77, PK 05, Chakinsky 100, and a hybrid Nadezhda developed jointly with a company “Agroplazma” are included into the State Register of breeding achievements permitted for the agricultural production in the Central Chernozem (5) and Middle Volga (7) regions. In 2021, the new sunflower variety Zagrey 21 was introduced into the State variety trial. During the testing period in a competitive variety trial nursery, its 1000 seed weight was 75.4 g, oil content – 49.2%. Oil yield of the new variety reliably exceeded the control by 40 kg/ha. Now, the sunflower breeding department works on development of productive, oil and confectionary types, herbicide resistant, very early and early maturing sunflower varieties and hybrids.

Селекция раннеспелых гибридов кукурузы универсального использования

Abstract. The expansion of the northern zone of corn-sowing in the Russian Federation, the increase in demand for corn hybrids capable of maturing in zones with a short frost-free period, forming a high yield of grain and green mass, adapted to various soil and climatic zones, requires intensification of breeding work for early maturity. The purpose of the research is the creation of a new early-ripening corn hybrid of universal use, characterized by adaptability to various soil and climatic conditions. The research was carried out at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” and research institutions in Russia in 2018–2021. Methods. The main method of creating hybrids is the method of interline hybridization using heterosis in the first generation. Topcross crosses were used to obtain hybrid combinations. Object of the study are early ripe corn hybrids. A new early-ripening corn hybrid Vityaz’ MV of universal use was created jointly by the ARC “Donskoy” and the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the National Grain Center named after. P. P. Lukyanenko. It is included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements and approved for use in the production of the North Caucasian, Central, Central Black Earth and Middle Volga regions for grain and silage. According to the research results, the new hybrid is distinguished by high grain yield and plasticity. In the environmental test of research institutions in Russia, located in different soil and climatic conditions, the grain yield was 5.03–10.30 t/ha. In the ARC “Donskoy”, the average grain yield, including dry years, was 4.31 t/ha, which is significantly (by 0.36 t/ha) higher than that of the Krasnodarskiy 194 MV standard. The yield of green mass – 28.2 t/ha, dry matter – 9.41 t/ha. The new hybrid is drought-resistant, resistant to lodging and bunt smut, and is characterized by low harvest grain moisture content (14.0 %). The scientific novelty should be considered the creation of a new early-ripening corn hybrid Vityaz’ MV of universal use, adapted to various soil and climatic zones of the Russian Federation.

Method of ISSR-marking in the study of genetic diversity of flax varieties

The genetic diversity of crop varieties should be assessed using modern molecular markers. One of the most promising and simple methods of plant genetic analysis is intermicrosatellite labeling (ISSR). The purpose of this research is to study the polymorphism of varieties of fiber flax and linseed flax included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation, as well as local forms of fiber flax using ISSR markers. The objects for the research were 83 samples from the collection of the Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops, among them 24 varieties of linseed flax, 56 varieties of fiber flax of domestic and foreign breeding, and three local forms from the Central Non-Black Earth Region. Genetic analysis was carried out by PCR method using a set of 25 ISSR primers. Detection of amplification products was carried out using electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel. Based on intraspecific selection of flax varieties to oilseed and fiber forms, a cluster analysis was performed according to the results of ISSR labeling independently in each of two groups that allowed to increase the reliability of conclusions on the existing dependences. Dendrograms of the genetic similarity of the studied samples of linseed flax and fiber flax were studied independently from each other. As a result of the analysis, linseed flax varieties were divided into five clusters, which made it possible to establish dependencies related to their origin (originator of the variety) and oil content in the seed. The dendrogram which included varieties of fiber flax and its local forms, revealed twelve subclusters forming three uneven groups. Almost every group had its own characteristic feature, not related to the geography of origin. The grouping of varieties occurred mainly on the basis of their various characteristics in terms of flax fiber content, ripening time and resistance to environmental stress factors. The results of the research show the applicability of using the ISSR-markers as a valid and accessible method for developing the elements of marker-associative breeding of bast fiber crops.