State Public Sector Research Articles

INVESTIGATING THE MODERATING EFFECT OF GENDER ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY AND EMPLOYEE LOYALTY

The human resource management (HRM) practices have been broadened to include a workplace spirituality (WS) dimension to increase employee loyalty to the organization. Employee loyalty plays a significant role in organizational development as well as economic growth around the world. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role of gender between workplace spirituality (WS) and employee loyalty (EL) in the Nigerian public sector. This study adopts a quantitative research approach. A survey, using a questionnaire, was conducted to obtain data from 500 public sector employees in Lagos state Nigeria. Structural Equation Modeling analysis using AMOS version 22 was conducted to determine the moderating role of gender between workplace spirituality and employee loyalty. The findings reveal that there is a strong causal relationship between workplace spirituality and employee loyalty in the Lagos state public sector. However, the worker’s gender does not moderate the relationship between workplace spirituality and employees’ loyalty. The study also establishes valid measures for workplace spirituality and employee loyalty constructs. It is evident from the findings that workplace spirituality is an underlying factor to reckon with in motivating an employee to be loyal to their organization. Hence, this study supports the use of workplace spirituality as one of human resource management practices dimension in the organization.

Algorithmic Accountability for Record Linkage

This session will examine record linkage approaches through the lens of principles for algorithmic accountability: responsibility, explainability, accuracy, auditability, and fairness.[1] It is easy to hypothesize cases where linkage algorithms could have disparate impacts, such as linking names more or less easily depending on their cultural background. How can researchers use careful linkage design and sensitivity testing to identify and, where necessary, mediate these impacts? What does it look like for record linkage processes to be explainable and auditable—and how can researchers invite engagement from broader groups of stakeholders in considering linkage methods? We will present on our experiences identifying and addressing these challenges in the context of linking state and local public sector administrative data sources. These data sources, which generally include populations engaging with particular programs or systems, have especially variable data quality and are often marred by structural biases. Our approach to linking these datasets emphasizes integrating policy and data context, interrogating linkage decisions for iterative improvement, and collaborating with a wide range of stakeholders for equitable, accountable data use. We will demonstrate examples of how linkage decisions and results have varied across contexts. [1] Diakopoulos, N., Friedler, S., Arenas, M., Barocas, S., Hay, M., Howe, B., Jagadish, H.V., Unsworth, K., Sahuguet, A., Venkatasubramanian, S., Wilson, C., Yu, C., and Zevenbergen, B. (2016). Principles for Accountable Algorithms and a Social Impact Statement for Algorithms. Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency in Machine Learning. https://www.fatml.org/resources/principles-for-accountable-algorithms.

A study on revenue and cost performance of a state public sector undertaking in Himachal Pradesh

A study on revenue and cost performance of a state public sector undertaking in Himachal Pradesh

Public Sector Collective Bargaining: A Meta-Review

Public sector labor unions and their commitment to collective bargaining are central to the study of public sector human resource management. This study explores collective bargaining scholarship in the United States as exemplified in the public administration literature. Systematically coding 220 articles from the top fifteen (mainstream) peer-reviewed public administration journals over a period of 50 years (1970–2020), this study examines how public sector collective bargaining is framed and conceptualized in public administration research, identifying, and studying the dimensions of public sector collective bargaining research in the United States. The primary purpose of this article is to map trends and gaps in local, state, and federal public sector collective bargaining scholarship, which is an essential public personnel function in need of further academic attention. It is also hoped that this study could stimulate future research into public sector collective bargaining.

Lean Project Delivery in the United States Public Sector – History and Current State

Since the late 2000s, public agencies in the United States have been developing alternatives to traditional capital project delivery models in pursuit of better project outcomes. Most public agencies have legal authority to deliver projects through a design-build contract and have been using this contracting method to foster greater collaboration and to integrate the target value design process into a Lean project delivery model. The approaches and practices of four public agencies - San Diego Community College District, University of California San Francisco, the University of Washington, and the California State University System - that have been utilizing this approach are highlighted in this paper. Specific requirements identified to foster the desired collaborative environment, integration of Lean principles and practices, value creation, budget and cost performance, and schedule performance are shared. Metrics from selected projects give evidence that this approach is delivering greater value for these institutions, the design and construction community, taxpayers, and most importantly the internal customers that are using the constructed assets. Knowledge transfer of the resources developed to procure these types of projects and to create and sustain the environment necessary for project success has greatly benefited these institutions and serves as a potential portal for other public agencies to follow.

Oral Health, Social and Emotional Well-Being, and Economic Costs: Protocol for the Second Australian National Child Oral Health Survey.

Given the significant investment of governments and families into the provision of child dental care services in Australia, continued population oral health surveillance through national oral health surveys is imperative. The aims of this study are to conduct a second National Child Oral Health Survey (NCOHS-2) to (1) describe the prevalence, extent, and impact of oral diseases in contemporary Australian children; (2) evaluate changes in the prevalence and extent of oral diseases in the Australian child population and socioeconomic subgroups since the first National Child Oral Health Study (NCOHS-1) in 2012-2013; and (3) use economic modeling to evaluate the burden of child oral disease from the NCOHS-1 and NCOHS-2 and to estimate the cost-effectiveness of targeted programs for high-risk child groups. The NCOHS-2 will closely mimic the NCOHS-1 in being a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of Australian children aged 5-14 years. The survey will comprise oral epidemiological examinations and questionnaires to elucidate associations between dental disease in a range of outcomes, including social and emotional well-being. The information will be analyzed within the context of dental service organization and delivery at national and jurisdictional levels. Information from the NCOHS-1 and NCOHS-2 will be used to simulate oral disease and its economic burden using both health system and household costs of childhood oral health disease. Participant recruitment for the NCOHS-2 will commence in February 2024. The first results are expected to be submitted for publication 6 months after NCOHS-2 data collection has been completed. Thematic workshops with key partners and stakeholders will also occur at this time. Regular surveillance of child oral health at an Australian level facilitates timely policy and planning of each state and territory's dental public health sector. This is imperative to enable the most equitable distribution of scarce public monies, especially for socially disadvantaged children who bear the greatest dental disease burden. The last NCOHS was conducted in 2012-2014, meaning that these data need to be updated to better inform effective dental health policy and planning. The NCOHS-2 will enable more up-to-date estimates of dental disease prevalence and severity among Australian children, with cost-effective analysis being useful to determine the economic burden of poor child dental health on social and emotional well-being and other health indicators. PRR1-10.2196/52233.

Needs and readiness to use tele-practice for identification and rehabilitation of children with hearing and speech-language disorders: perceptions of public sector care providers in South India

ABSTRACT This study was an initial step toward planning tele-practice in a South Indian state's public-sector services for childhood hearing and speech-language problems. The aim was to understand the perceptions public-sector health care professionals (HCPs) regarding their willingness and need for tele-practice-based diagnostics and rehabilitation services. Focus group discussions (FGD), semi-structured interviews (SSI), and geo-spatial analysis were employed in a cross-sectional study. Different public-sector HCPs participated in the qualitative study. Data sufficiency was assessed using theoretical saturation and cross-case variance. Data was analyzed using hybrid deductive-inductive thematic analysis. Geo-tags and geo-locations of all children with disabilities and all the public-sector service providers were used to generate geospatial maps. HCPs felt that childhood hearing and speech-language disorder services were inadequate and lacked sufficient qualified professionals. There was inconsistent equipment and professional availability in district-level facilities. HCPs were comfortable using technology, and were willing to investigate tele-practice, but they required training in tele-practice.

Do Governments Hide Resources from Unions? The Influence of Public Sector Unions on Reported Discretionary Fund Balance Ratios

ABSTRACTWe explore whether municipalities with public sector unions exploit aspects of governmental (or “fund”) accounting to obscure the availability of discretionary resources in fund balance accounts, relative to municipalities without public sector unions. We first investigate whether governments with unions report higher proportions of discretionary resources outside of the general fund, a primary measure of financial health, and instead within less prominent fund types. Second, we explore whether governments with unions report lower ratios within accessible general fund balance account categories – that is, report lower proportions of unreserved fund balance. Primary findings are consistent with both hypotheses. Although somewhat mixed, cross‐sectional analyses reveal that effects are magnified when unions have more bargaining power, as proxied by the ability to strike or the absence of state right‐to‐work laws. Further analysis corroborates cross‐sectional findings by examining difference‐in‐differences specifications surrounding the quasi‐exogenous shock of Wisconsin's 2011 weakening of state public sector union laws and Ohio's time‐varying union contract negotiations. Overall, the evidence suggests that governments with unions shelter resources to avoid the appearance of large discretionary amounts available.

The Relationship between Human Resource Management Practices and Employees’ Loyalty of the Nigerian Public Sector

Employee loyalty plays a significant role in the organizational development as well as economic growth around the word. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between human resource management practices (HRMP), and employee loyalty (EL) in Nigeria public sector. A proposed human resource management practices model the influences employees’ loyalty measures were formulated and tested. This study adopts quantitative research approach. Survey, using questionnaire, was conducted to obtained data from 500 public sector employees in Lagos state Nigeria. Structural Equation Modelling analysis using AMOS version 22 was conducted to determine the direct effects of HRM on employee loyalty. The findings reveal that there is a strong causal relationship between HRM practices and employee loyalty in Lagos state public sector. This study recommends that future research should consider using longitudinal mixed method research design to study relationship between HRM practices, workplace spirituality and employee loyalty. Thus, findings of this research

"The Practicability of Competing Value Framework as a Stride towards Public Service Delivery Improvement in the Health Sector "

"Considering its impact, organizational culture has emerged as a vital concept in organizational devel opment. Although diagnosing organizational culture appears as one of the organizational change strate gies for organizational development, it is a challeng ing undertaking. The dearth in the evaluation of the organizational culture of the public sector, especially in Nigeria, motivated this study with the aim of evalu ating the organizational culture of the Kwara State public health sector using the Competing Value Framework (CVF). Significantly, there is mounting pressure on the state’s health sector to improve its service delivery, which is likewise strained by the ef fort to contain COVID-19 incidents. Hence, to assess the organizational culture and identify the areas of improvement for an effective proposed organiza tional reform, this study collected data by adminis tering questionnaires to 256 participants. The study found that the prevailing culture is inter nally oriented and it manifests the typical culture of many public institutions. The evaluation of the cur rent and preferred organizational culture is impor tant to identify and create the needed change and most importantly foster a successful organizational transformation in the reality of many failed reforms. Conclusively, a successful change is anticipated to achieve the national goal of the health sector iden tified as one of the global sustainable development goals. "

Recruitment and Selection Processes in Public Service Organizations: Rivers State Experience

This study examines recruitment and selection processes in public service organizations: Rivers State Experience. The problems caused by poor recruitment and selection processes have occupied the front burner of public discourse in recent time. This is due to the fact that governance have been privatized, personalized, recruitment and selection processes in public service organizations is currently mired by irregularities and unfair approaches. Mixed method was utilized with survey research design in this study. The population of the study is 1,979 for both organizations that were selected for the study, Rivers State Waste Management Agency (RIWAMA) which is state public sector and Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) which is Federal public sector. However, Rivers State Waste Management Agency (RIWAMA) has 654 population and Nigeria Ports Authority (NPA) 1,325. Taro Yamane’s formula was used to determine the sample size from the population which gave us 399 (three hundred and ninety nine) respondents for both organizations. Questionnaires were correctly filled and returned for analysis using SPSS 12 version. Descriptive statistics were used to interpret data on the socio-demography characteristics of respondents, while tables, percentage were used to present the result for clarity and better understanding. Multi-stage sampling techniques (including systematic sampling and simple random sampling) were used in this study. Findings of this study revealed among others that: the public sector organizations are bedevilled by political and ethnic appointments. Also, those suitable and qualified candidates are denied positions in line with political or ethnic affiliation, thus affecting efficiency and productivity of the organizations. Based on the findings the study recommended among others that: job trafficking that is gradually becoming a norm in the recruitment and selection processes into the Nigerian public service should receive a serious and urgent sanction. There should be a body and a law empowering such body to investigate and prosecute every recruitment malpractice. Such body should be involved in every recruitment to enable them get information about the processes.

Post VRS Employees of PSU in Bangarpet and KGF-Non Farm Sector

Our life and sustenance the employees of the nation, our unsung heroes the public sector undertakings almost lapsed from our memories. From 1930’s to 1990 they were the life and soul of the nation. But ever since the 1991 introduction of the New Industrial Policy and thereafter consecutively the privatization and disinvestment of central and state public sector undertakings the introduction of the golden handshake ,Voluntary retirement scheme(VRS) took place for the last three decades. Post VRS the employees of beml Public sector undertaking were taken for study. The study found that post VRS most of the employees had their own houses. A portion of their house was used to conduct business. Business such as selling Knick knacks which is selling different goods such as papads curry powder, bread, soft drinks, milk, curds and spices, ice cream parlours, vegetable and fruit stalls, Puncher shops, Tailoring shops and Flower shops. The sample size taken was one hundred and fifty and stratified random sampling was carried out with the help of a questionnaire. Interview method was followed and research methodology used both primary and secondary data. For data analysis percentage method followed. The findings showed that though it was a capital light business the returns per month was around Rs.10,000 to Rs,15,000.To conclude post VRS these employees were able to sustain themselves fairly well.

US state government privatization: Implications for social equity and inequality?

AbstractPrivatization of state government services is commonplace, but our understanding of its effects is limited by data availability. We study the relationship between American state government contracting and public sector wages. Governments have used public sector employment to support a variety of goals, including social equity and economic development, but privatization, as a new public management (NPM) reform, may shift the focus. Our empirical analysis shows that state privatization of service delivery is associated with decreases in the public sector wage premium, but that these effects are not driven by gender, race, or low‐levels of educational attainment. The fidelity of the implementation to NPM values conditions these effects. We also find that contracting service delivery is associated with a lower public sector wage premium for middle‐class workers.

Public sector primary care services in Sri Lanka and the specialist family physician: A qualitative study.

In the background of a rising burden of non-communicable disease (NCD) Sri Lanka has prioritised reorganising primary care based on a family medicine approach. This study explored the integration of a relatively new specialist family physician (SFP) role into the state public health sector of Sri Lanka. Methods: In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 SFPs attached to the Ministry of Health. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. SFPs had faced initial challenges related to recognition and collaboration within the state health sector. They provided comprehensive primary care in a variety of roles; most importantly in care of NCD and elderly care, and focused on professional development of medical officers and support staff in the settings where they worked. Challenges were insufficient laboratory facilities, medication availability, primary care trained manpower and linkages with secondary care. These barriers hindered the ability of the SFPs to provide a full range of family practice-oriented health services. SFPs have integrated well into the public health sector of Sri Lanka providing comprehensive primary care services. The findings identify areas that need strengthening to further improve primary care services in the country and operationalise proposed new primary care service models.

P11.04: Evolution and Impact of Regional Investment Projects on Public Offer of Organ Procurement and Transplantation in Argentina: An Analysis From 2008 to 2021

Introduction: Argentine shows accessibility difficulties within vulnerable populations due to socioeconomic and geographical reasons. To ameliorate this problem, in 1993 it was created the Solidarity Fund for Transplants (FST) at the INCUCAI. The aim of this Fund was to create and/or strength the public transplant activity, implement financial assistance for facilitating the access to waitlists, the organ, tissues and cells transplant, development and strength cell and/or tissue banks, pre-transplant evaluation centers and histocompatibility laboratories. Herein, we evaluated the magnitude and evolution of the strengthening of the network established from the FST, through the funding of Provincial Investment Projects (PPI). Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study from 2008 to 2021. The variables analyzed (types of projects and amounts transferred or executed) were classified by year, province and region. Data was taken from the Resource Management Unit, Coordination of the FST and the Unit of Special Programs (USP) and the INCUCAI administration. In order to compare the investments, they were dollarized according to the price of the dollar at the time of transferring the funds. Results: Results: the FST managed and financed 102 projects. The analysis showed that, except for 2018 and 2019, every year investments projects were managed, being the highest in 2021, followed by 2012 and 2013.The largest number of projects coincides with the start-up and activity of the USP, which has generated investment guides for projects and has provided technical assistance to facilitate and promote the presentation of projects. The largest amount transferred in US dollars was to 2010 (2,731,665 in 5 projects), followed by 2013 (2,731,248 in 11 projects) and 2014 (2,179,979 in 6 projects).However, the highest investment on average per project (546,333 US dollars in 5 projects) was in 2010. Regarding the type of project, there was greater investment in the generation of services, infrastructure and jurisdictional strengthening in the beginning, while for the last years reinforcements were observed in equipment, procurement and transplantation. The Central region concentrates the largest number of PPIs, followed by Northeast and NOA. The latter received the largest transfer per project on average. Conclusions: The PPIs strengthened the network and supplies of the establishments of the state public sector. There was an improvement in the installed capacity for organ procurement and transplantation in all regions of the country but unevenly distributed. Seven jurisdictions did not submit PPIs to be financed, suggesting that it will be necessary a more directed actions for those provinces. Finally, UCPE activities shows a positive impact on the generation of PPIs, which will tend to reduce waitlists for transplants and an improvement in the accessibility of the most vulnerable populations.

The modern correlation of RAS and IFRS systems of the public and non-public sectors

Currently, the process of reforming the Russian Accounting Standards (RAS) systems for organizations in both the state and nonstate sectors (or organizations in the budget and not budget spheres) is ongoing. At the same time, this process continues to be carried out taking into account the systems of International Financial Reporting and Accounting Standards for organizations of the public and non-public sectors (IFRS, IAS, IPSAS). Therefore, today it is relevant to determine the modern ratio of the RAS and International Standards systems of the state (public) sector, as well as the RAS and International Standards systems of the non-state (non-public) sector. In addition, a comparative analysis of the systems of domestic accounting standards of organizations in the state and non-state sectors makes it possible to identify possible future changes in these systems. Indeed, in general, the accounting methodology for these organizations (including healthcare organizations in these sectors) should be unified. As a result, any innovation in the accounting of one of the above sectors may indicate the feasibility and possibility of making similar adjustments to the accounting of another of these sectors. For similar reasons, it is relevant to determine the current relationship between public and non-public sector International Standards systems. A comparative analysis of all these systems (including for healthcare organizations of the above sectors) is carried out in this article. Grouping method, comparison, analogy method, analysis and synthesis, systematic approach, logical approach were used as research methods. As a result of the research, the article presents proposals for the further development of the RAS and International Standards systems of the state/public and non-state/non-public sectors (including for healthcare organizations).

Do State capacity dimensions differently affect policy areas performance?

Research objective: To analyze the determinants of governmental performance, assuming that policy sectors have different state capacities and produce heterogeneous effects on their performance. 
 Theoretical Framework: Grounded in the neo-Weberian bureaucracy and public governance debates, the inquiry tests if policy sectors (government core; infrastructure; productive development; security/citizenship, and social/environmental) present different state capacities and produce heterogeneous effects on outputs and outcomes.
 Methodology: The research uses a survey applied to over three thousand civil servants of the Brazilian federal public administration to create composite variables of performance and state capacities dimensions, then descriptively compare these variables and run a multivariate regression to test the hypotheses. 
 Results: The paper confirms that the degree of state capacity development impacts the bureaucrats’ perception of performance and, secondly, these effects are quite diverse on the organizational outputs and outcomes. However, their variation among policy areas is not as expressive as expected. The findings reinforce recent studies that claim that governmental investment in state capacity became broader and more inclusive as it incorporated several agencies that do not belong to the classical “pocket of efficiency.”
 Originality: Based on an original dataset, the research shows insights at advancing the study of state capacity, governance, and public sector performance. The comparative analyzes are unprecedented as it encompasses simultaneously crucial dimensions of the public service in Brazil, such as meritocracy, autonomy, relationship, skills, resources and, accountability. 
 Theoretical and Practical Contributions: In theoretical terms, the paper tests essential hypotheses concerning the federal government bureaucracy and performance, mostly restricted to the international literature. It also explores the policy sectors' heterogeneity and how it affects their performance, shedding light on the need for a more inclusive and comprehensive civil service and management policy.

Fisheries Surveys Are Essential Ocean Observing Programs in a Time of Global Change: A Synthesis of Oceanographic and Ecological Data From U.S. West Coast Fisheries Surveys

As climate change and other anthropogenic impacts on marine ecosystems accelerate in the 21st century, there is an increasing need for sustained ocean time series. A robust and collaborative network of regional monitoring programs can detect early signs of unanticipated changes, provide a more holistic understanding of ecosystem responses, and prompt faster management actions. Fisheries-related surveys that collect fisheries-independent data (hereafter referred to as “fisheries surveys”) are a key pillar of sustainable fisheries management and are ubiquitous in the United States and other countries. From the perspective of ocean observing, fisheries surveys offer three key strengths: (1) they are sustained due to largely consistent funding support from federal and state public sector fisheries agencies, (2) they collect paired physical, chemical, and biological data, and (3) they have large and frequently overlapping spatial footprints that extend into the offshore region. Despite this, information about fisheries survey data collection can remain poorly known to the broader academic and ocean observing communities. During the 2019 CalCOFI Symposium, marking the 70th anniversary of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI), representatives from 21 ocean monitoring programs on the North American West Coast came together to share the status of their monitoring programs and examine opportunities to leverage efforts to support regional ecosystem management needs. To increase awareness about collected ocean observing data, we catalog these ongoing ocean time series programs and detail the activities of the nine major federal or state fisheries surveys on the U.S. West Coast. We then present three case studies showing how fisheries survey data contribute to the understanding of emergent ecosystem management challenges: marine heatwaves, ocean acidification, and contaminant spills. Moving forward, increased cross-survey analyses and cooperation can improve regional capacity to address emerging challenges. Fisheries surveys represent a foundational blueprint for ecosystem monitoring. As the international community moves toward a global strategy for ocean observing needs, fisheries survey programs should be included as data contributors.

Core Housing Strategy for Improved Urban Low-Cost Public Housing Delivery in Anambra State, Nigeria

Anambra state of Nigeria experiences acute housing shortage for urban low-income population owing to inefficient public housing delivery system principled on conventional full-provision house types. Insufficiency of funds for housing development is a major cause. Increased rate and scale of housing production and volume of housing stock have been stalled. Low-income households are adversely affected, being priced out of the limited stock. Core housing, a partial-provision strategy believed to require less financial resources has been neglected. This research focused on the potentials of core housing strategy in financial cost-saving and other aspects of public housing products’ performance. Components of public housing products’ performance and the measuring variables were first outlined; followed by a review of the relationship between core housing and the variables, which was apt and revealing. This study has widened knowledge and prepared grounds for empirical studies of core housing performance in Anambra State public housing sector.

MIMARI YAPILARIN TURIZM UZERINE ETKILERI: BAKU ORNEGI

Especially tourism has become one of the sectors that have large share in the economy of the countries, due to the idle use of aircraft increasing income and liesure time, which was idle after the second World War. Countries attach importance to this sector due to the great contribution of tourism to the economy of countries. We can say that the tourism sector is closely related to the architectural structures of countries. People are curious about the architecture of other countries and visit it for this purpose. In this context, countries are now increasing the importance of architectural structures in order to protect and develop their architectural structures to attract tourists. In this regard in our study the effect of architec buildings on tourism has been discussed on the scale of Baku city. In the city of Baku the capital of Azerbaijan where the research was conducted, there are historical buldings on the UNESCO World Heritage List as well as modern and religous buildings. In addition on the preservation of historical buildings in the city, religous buildings are also built for the worship of new, modern, Muslims, Christiansand Jews.For this reason, in order to measure the effect of university employees, living Baku state tourism agency employees, public and private sector employees in the field of tourism and the local people in terms of tourism, the buildings we chose within our study in the city were prepared according to the semi-structured interview technique, and the interview was conducted through on interview forum consisting of two parts. The Maiden's Castle, which has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and the Atesgah temple, which is one of the three Magi temples in the world together with Icherisehir, are the first three architectural structures that attract tourists in Baku, according to the opinion of 95% (54 people) of the total participants.