State Programs Research Articles

Дуальное обучение как условие формирования экологической компетентности студентов в системе среднего профессионального образования

The system of secondary vocational training in Russia is undergoing significant changes regarding the quality of training of competent specialists who are able not only to carry out professional activities in modern socio-economic conditions, but also to successfully compete in those sectors of the national economy where they will work after graduation. As noted in the state program of the Russian Federation “Development of Education” until 2030, special attention is paid to the development of dual education and environmental education of students. In this regard, since 2014, dual (practice-oriented) training has been successfully implemented in secondary vocational education institutions in the country, within which students acquire basic theoretical knowledge in college classes and acquire practical skills at the enterprise. The purpose of the article is to study ways of developing students’ environmental competence in the system of secondary vocational education. Materials and research methods include an analytical review of scientific research related to the formation of environmental competence in dual learning conditions. The results of the study and their discussion are determined by the choice of approaches, technologies, methods, techniques and forms of work to develop students’ environmental competence. In conclusion, the results of the study are summarized.

Russian Business and the Authoritarian Welfare State

Authoritarian regimes widely involve non-state actors in social welfare to increase output legitimacy and regime stability. Despite the volume of corporate social investments, the role of private companies in authoritarian welfare is still poorly understood. This study analyzes the functioning of corporate social programs in the Russian authoritarian welfare state by focusing on corporate grant competitions and corporate volunteering as means of engaging both the local population and the companies’ employees in the regions. Drawing on stakeholder theory, it investigates how companies position themselves as welfare providers and how they legitimize their role with regard to key stakeholders, including state officials, employees, and the local population. The analysis is based on in-depth interviews with company representatives and key stakeholders in four Russian regions: Kemerovo, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Region, Tiumen′, and Volgograd. In addition, corporate social reports from 2018 and information for beneficiaries were evaluated to identify program guidelines, motivations, and stakeholder assessments. The study argues that companies play an important role as welfare providers through the financial support of social organizations and employee initiatives at the regional and the local level. By providing social investments in geographically defined “territories of presence,” Russian companies pursue a double legitimation strategy, both demonstrating their social responsibility and loyalty toward the regime and strengthening authoritarian welfare provision through private social investments. With a detailed analysis of corporate social programs, this study contributes to our understanding of the specific conditions and mechanisms of social policy in authoritarian regimes and the place that companies occupy within it.

Early Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Benefits Recipients

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted employment, housing, and food security for low-income public benefits recipients. The present study seeks to understand public recipients’ self-reported critical and ongoing needs at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses logistic regression to analyze survey data gathered on 10,089 public benefits recipients in the early stage of the pandemic to better understand their self-reported critical and ongoing needs. We also explored variations in need among different racial/ethnic groups and public benefits receipt status. Our research found that respondents from most racial/ethnic minority groups indicated a significant need for food, housing, and back-rent, with variation among different racial/ethnic groups in expressing specific needs for finding employment and help with applying for public benefits. Our findings also identify SNAP/CalFresh recipients as a particularly vulnerable group, and they were more likely to need help with food insecurity, finding employment, applying for public benefits, and paying backrent. While numerous federal, state, and local programs and initiatives were created to address widespread need, this study identifies potential gaps in these efforts and increases understanding of how to target aid for low-income populations in times of crisis.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CROSS-BORDER CO-OPERATION OF UKRAINIAN REGIONS

The research highlights the objective need and the problems of assessing the development of cross-border co-operation in Ukraine, especially in the conditions of critical economic and social instability caused by a full-scale invasion and its consequences. The purpose of the article is to scientifically substantiate methodological approaches to the assessment of cross-border territorial co-operation and the construction of a balanced and multi-level information and analysis system. In order to achieve this goal, the methods of analysis and synthesis, grouping of indicators, theoretical generalisation and content analysis were used. It has been established that there is no generally accepted methodology for evaluating these processes. Furthermore, the methodologies that do exist cover a range of spheres and mechanisms of interaction with European countries, with a particular focus on specific programmes and initiatives. Additionally, it was determined that Ukraine lacks a systematic approach to monitoring the aforementioned processes, despite the Ministry of Community and Territorial Development of Ukraine's obligation to regularly furnish data on the advancement of the goals set forth in the State Program for the Development of Cross-Border Co-operation of Ukraine for the 2021-2027 period. It is proposed to expand the system of indicators for relevant monitoring by adding a number of basic indicators (GRP, investment activity, international image of the territory). The findings of the study substantiate the issue of inadequate substantiation of the theoretical and methodological foundations of cross-border co-operation of Ukrainian territories in the context of war and the challenges posed by European integration. This proves the need to develop a multi-level system for monitoring cross-border co-operation at the level of the state, macro-raions, oblasts and hromadas (raions) with a list of clear criteria and evaluation indicators that would take into account the basic principles, main tasks and risks of such co-operation. It is of the utmost importance to acknowledge the invaluable experience of European countries in the assessment of cross-border relations, particularly in the construction of domestic methodology and the search for additional data sources. The foundation for future research in this area can be an evaluation of the extent to which the objectives set out by the Ukrainian state for the development of cross-border co-operation have been met, and an assessment of the potential for further progress.

О государственном регулировании развития инклюзивного образования и создания специальных условий для обучения детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья в Российской Федерации

<p>The article summarizes the results of the implementation of measures to ensure the educational rights of students with disabilities and special educational needs. We present the results of the implementation of interdepartmental comprehensive plans (for 2015, 2016-2017, 2018-2020) approved by the Government of the Russian Federation . It was revealed that over 10 years, more than 8 thousand kindergartens and more than 10 thousand schools participated in the special events to create accessibility in educational organizations. It was a part of the state program “Accessible Environment.” In accordance with the federal statistical observation form OO-1, in the 2023/24 academic year, psychological and pedagogical support for students with disabilities in general educational organizations was provided by 32466 educational psychologists, 21703 speech therapists, 9530 special education teachers, and 8888 tutors. show that there were 3123 educational psychologist vacancies, 2378 speech therapist vacancies, 1740 special education teacher vacancies, and 1389 tutor vacancies in 2023 in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The article highlights th importance of the Complex of measures for the modernization of defectological education in the Russian Federation through 2030 (dated February 7, 2024, No. SK-1/07vn), and the all-Russian competition <em>The Best Inclusive School in Russia</em>. This article reflects the results of scientific research conducted by the Institute of Correctional Pedagogics, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Russian State Pedagogical University named after A.I. Herzen. Based on the provisions of the Plan of the Main Events held within the framework of the Decade of Childhood for the period up to 2027, the main tool is a study of the subjective well-being of adolescents, including those with disabilities and special needs. We emphasize the high importance of the Interdepartmental Comprehensive Action Plan for the Development of Inclusive General and Additional Education, Children's Recreation, and the Creation of Special Conditions for Students with Disabilities and Limited Health Opportunities up to 2030. In this article we define the directions of the Russian methodology of inclusive education as the main basis for ensuring the rights and opportunities of any child.</p>

Reducing Digital Inequities: The Role of Helping Professionals in Designing Just and Inclusive Strategies

This policy brief calls on social workers and other helping professionals to participate in efforts to address broadband internet access inequities. We first highlight continuing access inequities and their consequences for low-income persons, as well as older persons, minority group members, those with disabilities, and those living in rural areas. We then describe new initiatives to improve broadband access and digital literacy through state and local programs funded by the 2021 $65 billion federal Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. Finally, strategies are discussed for social worker engagement in such work, which include policy advocacy, contributing to the implementation of emerging programs, and serving as information conveyors to their clients concerning digital access and literacy training opportunities.

Unifying Model Execution and Deductive Verification with Interaction Trees in Isabelle/HOL

Model execution allows us to prototype and analyse software engineering models by stepping through their possible behaviours, using techniques like animation and simulation. On the other hand, deductive verification allows us to construct formal proofs demonstrating satisfaction of certain critical properties in support of high-assurance software engineering. To ensure coherent results between execution and proof, we need unifying semantics and automation. In this paper, we mechanise Interaction Trees (ITrees) in Isabelle/HOL to produce an execution and verification framework. ITrees are coinductive structures that allow us to encode infinite labelled transition systems, yet they are inherently executable. We use ITrees to create verification tools for stateful imperative programs, concurrent programs with message passing in the form of the CSP and Circus languages, and abstract system models in the style of the Z and B methods. We demonstrate how ITrees can account for diverse semantic presentations, such as structural operational semantics, a relational program model, and CSP's failures-divergences trace model. Finally, we demonstrate how ITrees can be executed using the Isabelle code generator to support the animation of models.

The role of the construction industry in the recovery of processing enterprises during the crisis

The article discusses the consequences of the crisis period for the work of processing enterprises in Ukraine. It is established that hostilities on the territory of our state and general instability lead to a decrease in production and force processing enterprises to cease their activities. Many enterprises are experiencing serious financial difficulties due to work restrictions, problems with the supply of raw materials, and the loss of industrial facilities. In the summer of 2022, the percentage of companies that closed or were in the process of ceasing operations was 46.8 %. A significant consequence of the war for the Ukrainian economy at the moment is the rapid changes in the territorial location and the change in the symmetry of the processing industry of Ukraine. The war also affected the sectoral structure of the processing industry, producing significant shifts and changes in the volume of products sold. The current political situation in Ukraine and the severance of business chains with the temporarily occupied territories require processing enterprises to search for new markets for products, sources of supply of raw materials, change logistics links, increase the production of raw materials and their own products. During the study, it was found that certain key aspects of the impact on the activities of processing enterprises were previously insufficiently studied. It is determined that the construction industry is of critical importance for the processing industry of the State during the crisis, which is designed to contribute to the recovery of this industry: to develop infrastructure, to build and modernize production facilities, which allows to introduce new technologies and optimize production processes, to improve the conditions of production itself, to build energy facilities to provide processing enterprises with stable and affordable energy supply, to apply modern construction technologies that will create environmentally friendly and energy-efficient production. For the restoration and development of the processing industry of Ukraine, taking into account the impact of the construction industry, we propose to apply the following measures: widespread implementation of the enterprise relocation program with the expansion of state support; the use of state programs for the reconstruction of property and lending, the development of international communications and the European vector for the recovery of the post-war industry based on the ESG concept and the principles of building back better, compliance with the principles of energy efficiency and energy saving, and the application of decarbonization measures. These tools are designed to provide stimulating processes in the processing industry to achieve and exceed the prewar level of the volume of competitive and high-quality products. The development of the construction industry plays an important role in the restoration of processing enterprises in Ukraine, so it is important to create favorable conditions for their cooperation, to develop comprehensive development strategies aimed at ensuring sustainable economic growth and support.

Prospects for improving the use of fixed capital in the fishery complex (the case of Primorsky territory)

One of the tools for the stable functioning of organizations is to increase the efficiency of the use of fixed capital. The main directions of development of the fishery complex are determined by the corresponding state program approved by the resolution of the Primorsky Territory Administration. One of the tasks is technical re-equipment, stimulating the renewal and modernization of fixed production assets, which should lead to an increase in the output of fish products. In accordance with the program, positive changes are already taking place in the industry. However, there are still unresolved problems regarding the efficiency of the use of fixed capital and its improvement in the future. In the article, the factors that determine the prospects for increasing the efficiency of the use of fixed capital of fishery organizations are analyzed using quantitative assessments.

Implementation and Baseline Evaluation of an Evidence-Based Group Antenatal Care Program in Two Nigerian States

Northern Nigeria has had historically low antenatal care (ANC) utilization rates with poor health outcomes. Previous studies have shown that group antenatal care (gANC) improves ANC behavior and pregnancy outcomes. The gANC has been adopted in Kaduna and Kano States, Nigeria. This paper presents baseline findings from the implementation of the gANC program in Kaduna and Kano States, Nigeria, based on data collected from 1269 and 1200 pregnant women, respectively, from March to April 2024. Analyses of sociodemographic and pregnancy behavior data were performed. Participants were mostly between the age of 19 and 31 years, married or living with a partner, with over 50% having their own businesses. Over 62% and 34% had completed secondary- or higher-level education, with 60% and 80% living in urban areas in Kaduna and Kano States, respectively. In Kano State, >60% of the women had their last delivery at home, with 41.6% not assisted by a skilled birth attendant. In Kaduna, >63% delivered in the hospital and >50% had skilled attendance during labor. Almost half had not used contraceptives previously. This study has provided baseline evaluation data for the implementation of gANC in two states in Nigeria. Subsequent longitudinal data will examine the impact of gANC utilization on perinatal outcomes and contraceptive behavior to inform the scaling of the program in the country.

The evolution and causes of the change in the demographic model of Russia. Message 1. General assessment of historical, medical, social and demographic events

The demographic situation in different periods was determined by the general patterns of childbearing, epidemics and the state of society. In Russia, even against the background of great upheavals, population growth has been observed for several centuries with a high birth rate, which exceeded the total mortality rate. Epidemics, wars and political events of the twentieth century, as well as the change of priorities in the 1990s, left their mark and led to a decrease in the population. This analytical review is devoted to the evolutionary changes in the Russian population model. The main historical, medical, social and demographic events that dynamically affect the demographic situation in our country are considered. Special attention is paid to the factors influencing the decline in the population in the country, which must be taken into account when planning and implementing state and territorial programs to stimulate the birth rate, taking into account the main political and economic changes.

Abortion and Mental Health and Wellbeing: A Contemporary Review of the Literature.

This review discusses the importance of abortion care and access for mental wellbeing for people seeking abortion, abortion providers, and trainees. The recent Dobbs v. Jackson case has jeopardized the physical and mental health of millions. Much of the data regarding mental health impacts of abortion access comes from the Turnaway Study. This study supports that abortion does not cause negative mental health effects and being denied abortion is detrimental to mental health, physical health, and has negative socioeconomic impacts. Other recent studies support that the Dobbs decision continues to disproportionately harm historically marginalized groups. Additionally, there is more anxiety and depression reported in states with abortion restrictions. Many obstetrician gynecologists are moving away from restricted states and report moral distress due to restrictions. Many medical students are choosing not to apply to obstetrics and gynecology residency programs in states with abortion restrictions. Access to abortion care is important for mental and physical health, and socioeconomic well-being for people seeking abortion. Restrictive bans negatively affect people seeking abortion, as well as healthcare providers and trainees.

Impact of Exogenous Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the Gut Microbiome of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients Colonized by Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: An Observational Study

Background: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum can inhibit the growth of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and modulate the gut microbiome. However, data on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are scarce. Aim: In an observational study, we assessed the impact of L. plantarum on the modulation of the gut microbiome in HSCT patients colonized by MDROs. Methods: Participants were allocated to an intervention group (IG = 22) who received capsules of L. plantarum (5 × 109 CFU) twice per day until the onset of neutropenia or a control group (CG = 20). The V4 region of the 16S bacterial rRNA gene was sequenced in 87 stool samples from a subset of 33 patients (IG = 20 and CG = 13). The Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2) program was used to predict metagenome functions. Results: L. plantarum demonstrated an average 86% (±11%) drug-target engagement at 43 (±29) days of consumption and was deemed safe, well-tolerated, and associated with an increase in the abundance of the Lactobacillales (p < 0.05). A significant increase in Lactococcus and a reduction in Turicibacter (p < 0.05) were identified on the second week of L. plantarum use. Although Enterococcus abundance had a greater rise in the CG (p = 0.07), there were no significant differences concerning the Gram-negative MDROs. No serious adverse effects were reported in the IG. We observed a greater, non-significant pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I (p = 0.193) relative abundance in the IG compared with the CG. L. plantarum use was safe and tolerable by HSCT patients. Conclusions: While L. plantarum is safe and may impact Enterococcus and Turicibacter abundance, it showed no impact on Gram-negative MDRO abundance in HSCT patients.

Анализ изменений демографической нагрузки в контексте здорового старения населения страны

The increase in the demographic burden is associated with the ongoing demographic aging of the population, a decline in the birth rate in recent years and an increase in the proportion of elderly people in the total population. The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamic changes and trends in the demographic burden of the population in the context of healthy aging of the country’s population. Materials and methods. The research materials are limited to the results of the analysis of official statistical information, in particular, for the analyzed period (2009–2023). The following methods were used: statistical, comparative analysis, study and generalization of experience. The obtained data were processed using modern software packages SPSS22 and MS Excel 2007. Results. In the course of this study, statistical data on the demographic burden of the population in urban and rural settlements in Russia were studied, the methodological basis for calculating this indicator was analyzed, the values in different countries of the world were compared, and modern trends in the context of healthy aging of the country’s population were compared. Conclusion. The results of this study can be used in the preparation of medium-term demographic forecasts and state programs aimed at improving the quality of life of the population and creating optimal conditions for the healthy aging of citizens.

California Medicaid to cover traditional healing

Last week California announced that Medi‐Cal, the state's Medicaid program, will pay for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment with “traditional health care practices in use since time immemorial,” according to a press release from Gov. Gavin Newsom. The two types of treatment covered include those used by Native Americans.

Self-reported prevalence of tuberculosis: unveiling spatial representation in the districts of Tamil Nadu.

The objective of the current study was to estimate the self-reported individual-level crude prevalence and cluster-level adjusted prevalence of TB for the districts of Tamil Nadu and to understand the spatial distribution of TB cases through spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis. National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data, gathered during 2014-2015 (NFHS-4) and 2019-2021 (NFHS-5), were used in the current study to estimate district-wise, individual-level crude and cluster-level adjusted TB prevalence per 100 000 population in Tamil Nadu. This was illustrated with the help of spatial geographic representation for various districts of Tamil Nadu using SPSS and QGIS software. The spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis were performed using Geoda software. The overall self-reported individual-level crude prevalence of TB was 337 (95% CI 302 to 375) and 169 (95% CI 144 to 197) per 100 000 population, whereas the cluster-level adjusted prevalence of TB was 356 (95% CI 311 to 405) and 184 (95% CI 154 to 219) per 100 000 population in NFHS-4 and NFHS-5, respectively. This study highlights those geographical areas with high rates of TB prevalence. This information would be useful for the state and district programme managers to identify areas of high TB prevalence where interventions can be focused.

Bio-Inputs in Brazilian Agriculture: Public Policies and Regulatory Framework

Introduction: The article synthesizes the thesis Bio-inputs in Brazilian Agriculture: Public Policies and Regulatory Framework, by the same authors, presenting its most relevant results and contributions. It critically studies the main ongoing public policies and the regulatory framework for the bio-inputs sector, which is still in the consolidation phase. By contextualizing the National Bio-inputs Program to national agricultural policy, the article anticipates the prospects and challenges for the sector. Based on the Goiás State Program case study, the article aims to demonstrate the scope and necessity of public policies for the success of initiatives to increase the use of biological inputs in the country. Finally, the study evaluates regulatory proposals for the sector, currently outlined in Bills No. 3668/21 and No. 658/21, under consideration in the National Congress. Using a combination of theoretical review and case study, the article explores the prospects for sustainable development through the increased use of bio-inputs in Brazilian agriculture and the challenges posed by the lack of an adequate regulatory framework. It concludes that implementation of bio-inputs in Brazil depends on clear regulation, incentives for on-farm production, and support for research and innovation. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate how public policies, particularly the National Bioinputs Program, the State Bioinputs Program of the State of Goiás, and the regulatory framework proposed in Bills 658/2021 and 3,668/2021, impact, either positively or negatively, the expansion and strengthening of the use of bioinputs in national agriculture. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework underpins the discussion on public policies and the regulatory framework for the bioinputs sector in Brazilian agriculture, which falls within the broader concept of bioeconomy. For the case study of the State Bioinputs Program of the State of Goiás, references on methods for evaluating public policies were used as instruments to verify what was planned in relation to the empirically achieved results, with the objective of allowing an understanding of the efficacy, efficiency, and effectiveness achieved by the implemented measures. Finally, for the analysis of the bills that make up the regulatory framework, references are used to form the concept of bioinputs, the scope, and limits of the regulatory framework for the sector. Method: A bibliographic review centered on public policies, bioinputs, and sustainability in agriculture was conducted, prioritizing articles published after 2020. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used through the application of questionnaires. The documentary analysis included the governing legislation on agricultural policies and related topics, accessed documents, and reference publications from sector entities. Case studies of the State Bioinputs Program of the State of Goiás, Law No. 21.005/2021, were carried out, as well as a direct comparison between Bills 658/2021 and 3668/2021 under review in the National Congress. Results and Discussion: The research results indicate that the National Bioinputs Program is a strategic and promising public policy for promoting more sustainable agricultural practices in Brazil but still faces significant challenges. These difficulties were clearly identified in the case study of the State Bioinputs Program of the State of Goiás, which proved effective in aligning its actions with state agricultural policy and ensuring the necessary engagement for its implementation. Through the applied questionnaires, the premise that challenges such as information on supply, infrastructure, costs, and qualified technical assistance still persist was confirmed. Finally, the comparative analysis of Bills 658/2021 and 3,668/2021 reveals a potential missed opportunity, given that both bills follow the logic of legislation applied to agrochemicals. Both bills require adjustments to ensure that the regulatory framework actually provides legal certainty for investors and producers, economic feasibility in its use, health safety, and incentives for innovation, allowing the proper development of the bioinputs sector in Brazil. Research Implications: The research has practical, political, and regulatory implications. Empirically, it offers ideas that support the understanding that bioinputs can indeed contribute to more sustainable agriculture in Brazil, a central premise of ongoing public policies. In the political field, the importance of government positioning on the subject stands out as a decisive factor for the success of expanding the use of bioinputs in Brazilian agribusiness. Finally, in the regulatory field, the research contributes through a direct comparison of the bills under review that propose the construction of the regulatory framework for the sector, highlighting points of attention, opportunities, limits for regulation, and suggestions for improvement, providing elements to enrich discussions on the subject. Given all the above, the research has the potential to influence both the formulation of future public policies and the regulation of the sector, directly impacting the sustainability of Brazilian agribusiness. Originality/Value: The research addresses a contemporary theme related to the construction of the regulatory framework for the sector. Additionally, it brings proposals for specific methodological approaches for formative evaluation of public policies, focusing on the analysis of efficacy, efficiency, and effectiveness.

Therapeutic targeting of differentiation-state dependent metabolic vulnerabilities in diffuse midline glioma

H3K27M diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), exhibit cellular heterogeneity comprising less-differentiated oligodendrocyte precursors (OPC)-like stem cells and more differentiated astrocyte (AC)-like cells. Here, we establish in vitro models that recapitulate DMG-OPC-like and AC-like phenotypes and perform transcriptomics, metabolomics, and bioenergetic profiling to identify metabolic programs in the different cellular states. We then define strategies to target metabolic vulnerabilities within specific tumor populations. We show that AC-like cells exhibit a mesenchymal phenotype and are sensitized to ferroptotic cell death. In contrast, OPC-like cells upregulate cholesterol biosynthesis, have diminished mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and are accordingly more sensitive to statins and OXPHOS inhibitors. Additionally, statins and OXPHOS inhibitors show efficacy and extend survival in preclinical orthotopic models established with stem-like H3K27M DMG cells. Together, this study demonstrates that cellular subtypes within DMGs harbor distinct metabolic vulnerabilities that can be uniquely and selectively targeted for therapeutic gain.

Tourist-recreational impact on the Moscow–St. Petersburg macroregion: a multi-scale assessment using Big Data

The possibilities of using one of the varieties of Big Data – geolocalized photographs – as an objective indicator of the spatial distribution and intensity of tourist and recreational load within the macroregion “From Moscow to St. Petersburg” allocated within the framework of the State Program for Tourism Development are considered. The study uses an original geoinformation model assembled on the basis of freely distributed OpenStreetMap layers and photo points localized in space and time. It allows, on the one hand, to characterize the features of the placement of attractors (natural, cultural) and tourist and recreational infrastructure, on the other – to objectively assess the spatial distribution of the presence of tourists and recreants within the macroregion and describe the specifics of their intra-annual (seasonal) “attraction”. Aggregation of photography points into polygons, taking into account the differentiated clustering distance, made it possible to form areas of seasonal (summer, winter and spring-autumn) stay of tourists, as well as to get an idea of the minimum year-round and maximum episodic areas within the macroregion and individual areas exposed to the potential impact of tourists and recreants. The differences between the minimum and maximum areas of stay of tourists and recreants are proposed to be used to assess the effectiveness of the functioning of the industry in the areas of the macroregion. The obtained spatial areas and patterns of tourists’ presence open up opportunities for an objective assessment of the potential load on natural and cultural heritage sites. The uneven inclusion of both natural and cultural attractors in the sphere of tourism and recreation has been revealed, which leads to a situation where some objects of natural and cultural heritage experience significant industry pressure, while others remain almost or completely unaffected by the presence of tourists and recreants.

Management of scientific and technological regional development in the Volga Federal District: review of government programs

Relevance. In light of the growing interest in the scientific and technological development of regions, setting goals for scientific and technological advancement at the national level, the issue of developing programs for the development of science and education leading to the technological sovereignty of the country becomes relevant.The purpose is to analyze the ongoing programs for scientific and technological development of the regions of the Volga Federal District, as well as individual indicators characterizing the dynamics of the scientific and educational sector of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.Objectives: conduct an economic and statistical analysis of the main indicators characterizing the scientific and technological progress of the regions of the Volga Federal District; identify regions of the Volga Federal District in which state programs for scientific and technological development have been developed, and consider their features.Methodology. The study used methods of economic-statistical and comparative analysis.Results. A review of state programs for scientific and technological development shows that four pilot regions of the Volga Federal District (Nizhny Novgorod region, Republic of Tatarstan, Republic of Bashkortostan and Republic of Mordovia) have already developed corresponding programs, and two regions (Orenburg region and Perm Territory) are under development. The remaining regions either have state programs that indirectly indicate the development of scientific and technological potential, or they do not exist.Conclusions. Scientific and technological development programs represent an important document that defines strategic guidelines for the development of science, technology and higher education. Regions that have already developed state programs for scientific and technological development have a high scientific reserve and are located in the top positions in the National Rating of Scientific and Technological Development of Regions. Such regions show strong results in the scientific and educational sector, which contributes to improving the economic and social development of the region. A systematic analysis of these programs makes it possible to identify their impact on various aspects of social life, as well as determine the effectiveness of the measures taken and mechanisms for achieving the set goals. It is important to take into account the variety of approaches to the development and implementation of strategic programs, which should be aimed at the unique characteristics of the country’s regions, their bottlenecks and development prospects, taking into account an assessment of their potential.