State Policy Of Import Substitution Research Articles

Методика обеспечения экономической безопасности регионов на основе снижения их зависимости от импортных поставок и использования резервов развития внутреннего рынка

The article substantiates the directions of development of constructive tools in the field of implementation of the state policy of import substitution in the context of a multiple increase in sanctions pressure on the Russian economy. The conclusion is formulated about the long-term nature of aggressive actions by unfriendly states and their associations against the Russian Federation and its allies. A methodology has been developed to ensure the economic security of regions based on reducing their dependence on imports and the use of reserves for the development of the domestic market.

ОЦЕНКА ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОФИЛЯ РЕГИОНА

The relevance of the research is conditioned by the necessity to strengthen the control over the state of ecological space of regions, which is caused by the significant growth of the load on the environment of the regions, the priority of which is industrial growth within the framework of following the state policy of import substitution in the conditions of strict sanctions restrictions of the Western countries. In this connection the task of formation of ecological profile of the region and analysis of interrelation between the growth of industrial production and environmental load of the region is of particular urgency and practical importance. To solve this problem, in this article the author investigates the processes of the regional spatial and sectoral structure development in terms of correlation between the dynamics of industrial production and the changes of the regional ecological profile (using the example of the Perm Region), in order to identify and assess the relationship between the dynamics of industrial production and the changes in the ecological profile of the region. The subject of the study is the relationship between the dynamics of industrial production and changes in the ecological profile of the region. The goal of the study is to establish and assess the relationship between the dynamics of industrial production and changes in the ecological profile of the region. The ecological profile of the region in the framework of this study is understood as a system of indicators, which characterize the ecological situation on the territory of the region and make it possible to assess the ecological burden on the environment of the region. The formation of the system of indicators, constituting the ecological profile of the region, will allow to carry out an objective analysis of the technogenic load on the ecological system of the region. Thus, the formation of the system of indicators seems to be the primary task in achieving the goal of the study. Research objectives are the following: - to perform a theoretical review of scientific research in the field of analysis and assessment of the environment state and environmental safety of industrial regions; - to consider the existing methodological approaches to the assessment of the environmental component of the territories’ development and ratings of the regions’ environment state; - to form a system of indicators revealing the ecological profile of the region (on the example of the Perm Region); - to develop a methodology for assessing the dynamics of the region's environmental profile; - to identify and assess the relationship between the dynamics of industrial production and the ecological profile of the region. The following research methods have become the basis of the study: analysis, synthesis, synthesis, grouping, systematization and classification. To solve individual problems, methods of comparative and statistical analysis, tabular and graphical representation of data, organizational and economic modeling, integral and correlation analysis have been used. The materials of the study are the scientific works of leading Russian academic economists dealing with the problems of the impact of intensification of territorial development, including industrial complex on the environment of the regions, as well as the official statistical data of state statistics agencies and the results of studies of various rating agencies. In the article an author's definition of the concept of "ecological profile of the region" and a system of indicators is offered, which disclose its content and make it possible to conduct an objective analysis of the technogenic burden on the environment of the region. To establish and assess the relationship between the dynamics of industrial production and changes in the ecological profile of the region the authors have developed an author's methodology of the ecological profile state estimation which includes calculation of integral indices of positive and negative impact on the environment and evaluation of dependence of the calculated indices on the index of regional industrial production by correlation method. The proposed methodological approach has been approbated using the Perm Territory as an example and as a result direct correlation between intensification of industrial production and growth of environmental load expressed in deterioration of the region's ecological profile has been revealed. The results obtained confirm the determining role of industrial production in the ecological profile of the Perm Territory and the need to intensify the processes of ecologization of production in view of increasing pressure on the environment

Государственная политика в сфере импортозамещения и ее влияние на отдельные сферы экономической безопасности

The article presents the results of a study of the state policy in the field of import substitution and its impact on certain areas of economic security. Areas of economic security that are subject to the influence of the state policy of import substitution are identified. Among these areas, food, financial, innovation and investment, social, energy, production and technological, foreign trade security were identified. The nature of the impact of the state policy of import substitution on each of the areas of national economic security is substantiated.

State management of import dependency and state’s economic security ensuring: New analysis to evaluating and strategizing

The need to improve public administration of import dependency was characterized (in the example of Ukraine) and the signs of its influence and interconnection with ensuring the state’s economic security are characterized. The methodological sequence of import dependency evaluation is substantiated. Using Hotelling’s method of transformation (the method of principal components), the multiplicative form is presented and the integral index of import dependency of the country’s economy is calculated. Harrington’s interval scale is used to summarize the results of the integral evaluation of import dependency. The results of the evaluation have confirmed the high level of import dependency of the Ukrainian economy and clear tendencies for its strengthening, which is critically threatening to the country’s economic security. Using the tool of multivariate dynamic regression modeling, a statistically significant correlation between the level of import dependency and the country’s economic security is established. The economic and mathematical descriptive model of state management of the state’s economic security is formed, which is embedded in a methodical approach to strategizing the state policy of import substitution. The purpose of the state management of import substitution, the parameters of ensuring the country’s economic security agreed with it, the strategic priorities of the state policy of import substitution and the indicators of their implementation are determined.

ФИНАНСОВО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА В УСЛОВИЯХ ЭКСПОРТНО ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОЙ СТРАТЕГИИ АПК

The stable financial and economic state of agriculture largely determines the success of the implementation of the export-oriented strategy for the development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia chosen by the state. The authors analyzed and studied the main factors affecting the financial and economic condition of key agriculture sectors of the Russian Federation. The study identified the problems hindering the significant ramp-up of the crop and animal products output, the main of which are: the insufficient technical potential of agriculture, low level of investment activity, the imperfect mechanism for allocating preferential investment and short-term loans to agricultural producers, the disparity in prices for agricultural products and manufactured goods, the insufficient state support for the industry, the shortage of personnel potential in agriculture, etc. Despite the existing problems, the authors highlight the tendency of the growth in crop and animal products output and strengthening of the financial state of agricultural enterprises resulting from the implementation of the state policy of import substitution and the introduction of food embargo on basic foods. At the same time, the volatility of prices for crop and animal products negatively affects the financial results of agricultural producers, leads to the deficiency of own funds for technical reequipment of production, the introduction of technological innovations, the faster increase in production volumes and serves as an obstacle when implementing the targeted guidelines of the state concept of export-oriented development of the industry. The study noted the growth of debt under credits and loans and overdue accounts payable per one agriculture organization resulted from the pre-bankruptcy of several large-scale agricultural holdings. To strengthen the financial and economic state of agriculture, the authors recommended improving the mechanisms of state stimulation to attract financial resources of private investors, increasing the volume of state support for agricultural producers, providing preferential investment and short-term loans to agriculture, and expanding state support programs for small and medium-sized forms of agriculture in the countryside.

The potentiality of phytoprophylactic correction of immunodeficiency conditions in agricultural animals

The paper presents the results of feeding dairy cattle with vitamin-herbal flour from safflower leuzea, sandy sainfoin and meadow clover in order to improve metabolic processes in the body and reproductive function of cows. Zootechnical and veterinary sciences provide for the implementation and development of progressive modern technologies for the production of livestock products and raw materials. In line with the ongoing state policy of import substitution, the need of increasing the production food products, cow's milk and beef meat being of special importance. To ensure sustainable growth in the livestock and productivity of cattle, it is necessary to have healthy purebred young stock. In 2016-2020 in the Perm Region, at livestock farms of all categories non-infectious pathology of the digestive system was recorded in cattle in 42-44% of cases, including 76,7% of cases in young animals, based on the Form 2-vet data. The analysis of the incidence of respiratory diseases in cattle in the Perm Region showed that respiratory diseases of calves are widespread (25-31% of the total number of patients with non-communicable diseases). This pathology is difficult at the age of transition to group keeping of animals. Despite the extensive arsenal of immunomodulators of natural and synthetic origin accumulated in recent decades, the question of finding the most active, environmentally friendly means remains relevant. Under conditions of modern dairy farming, the use of various feed additives, premixes, probiotic preparations, including dry plant raw materials as vitamin-herbal flour, has become widespread in animal feeding, providing a high level of productivity and reducing the cost of metabolic energy per unit of production and the safety of young animals. The research results can be used in the selection of perennial grasses, in the fields of seed growing and fodder production, when feeding animals in farms of any form of ownership.

ІМПОРТОЗАЛЕЖНІСТЬ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ: ПРОБЛЕМИ І ШЛЯХИ ЇХ ВИРІШЕННЯ

As world experience shows, most countries at certain stages of development have implemented a policy of import substitution in order to protect certain sectors of their economy until they reach a sufficient level of competitiveness in the world market. The need for import substitution for Ukraine is due to the fact that this process is a catalyst for structural changes in the economy, a prerequisite for its innovation development, an incentive to increase business activity, as well as a basis for increasing the export potential of national commodity producers. The purpose of the article is to determine the level of import dependence of the Ukrainian economy on segments of consumption of processing industry products and substantiation of directions and mechanisms of realization of the state policy of import substitution. In this context, a comparative estimation of the dependence of the economy of Ukraine and the EU countries on imports of industrial products is made in the context of 16 manufacturing industries of the processing industry, classified according to the standards of the Eurostat. On the basis of the use of data of the "cost-issue" matrix, the share of imports in the total consumption of products of the processing industry in Ukraine, which reached 52.4% in 2016, while the average value of this indicator in the member states of the EU was 37.4%, has been determined. The highest dependence of the national economy on the import of products of mechanical engineering and chemical industry, that is, the key system-forming hightech industries, has been established. Based on the results of calculations and analytical assessments, the system of import substitution priorities in the national market of industrial goods in Ukraine has been developed and the basic directions of development of import substitution production have been outlined. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is to determine the structural and dynamic transformations in the intermediate and final consumption of industrial products (Ukrainian and imported), as well as gross accumulation of fixed capital in Ukraine. The proposed set of instruments of Науковий вісник Мукачівського державного університету, 2020 32 regulatory influence of the state (fiscal, organizational and trade policy instruments), aimed at reducing the degree of import dependence of the national economy, is of practical value. At the same time, the implementation of the state policy of import substitution requires exhaustive analytical assessments, first of all, the efficiency of investments in the organization of new or reconstruction of existing production, the products of which are capable of replacing imports in the national market. Key words: import dependence, general and intermediate consumption, gross accumulation of fixed capital, production of processing industry, production, import substitution.

Return of unused land to agricultural production

In the context of the state policy of import substitution and the development of the export potential of the domestic agro-industrial complex, the importance of agricultural land is increasing. In Russia, it is possible to increase their area due to the involvement in the active economic turnover of unused agricultural land. The scientific study had analysed the quantity of agricultural land, the causes of crises in land management and the views of scientists on how to overcome the crisis, and an assessment of State action to return land to agricultural use. It was concluded that it is necessary to identify and implement the most effective forms and methods of state support, as well as strengthen regional financial support for agricultural producers involved in the involvement of unused land in agricultural turnover. An analysis of federal targeted programs to preserve agricultural land and increase its productivity has shown a high level of effectiveness. In order to make informed decisions on the involvement of land in turnover and to predict the improvement of its condition and use, the creation of a single digital platform combining disparate data of different departments on the state of land, their quality characteristics, legal status is important.

ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ПОЛИТИКИ ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ В СИСТЕМЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИИ

The article presents an analysis of the intermediate results of the implementation of the state policy of import substitution and their impact on the processes of ensuring national food security. The data on foreign trade in food and agricultural products are considered. The main characteristics of the investment provision of food security of the Russian Federation are determined. Information on the commissioning of some types of agro-industrial production facilities and facilities for storing products is presented. A number of directions for improving the processes of investment support of the import substitution policy in the system of national food security of Russia have been substantiated.

Характеристика стану та тенденцій імпортозалежності вітчизняної економіки як передумова формування державної політики імпортозаміщення

Характеристика стану та тенденцій імпортозалежності вітчизняної економіки як передумова формування державної політики імпортозаміщення

Features of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex of the Rostov region

Economic and food security are becoming a priority for the development of the state in conditions of high political instability and disruption of foreign economic relations. The products of the agro-industrial complex play an important role in ensuring the life of the country’s citizens. This study provides a horizontal analysis of the dynamics of production and consumption of the main types of meat and dairy products in the Rostov region, and a vertical analysis of the structure of meat products in the region. The study also reveals the reasons for the negative dynamics of the main indicators of the region’s food supply for the meat and dairy industries. This work reflects the features of the state policy of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex. The article explores the issues of effective functioning of the subjects of the agro-industrial complex in the conditions of sanctions pressure of Western countries. In conclusion, priority directions for improving the mechanisms of state regulation of the agricultural sector are given. The article gives some recommendations on improving the mechanisms of state support and stimulating of import substitution in the agro-industrialcomplex.

The influence of the state policy of import substitution on improving the quality of products of the military-industrial complex

In 2014, Russian Federation was restricted in importing of foreign equipment and component parts by countries that were NATO members. In that situation, the importance of national security issues increased. To deal with those issues, a range of different measures such as economical, organizational and legal were to be applied. After a long time, once again Russian Federation faced the problems concerning import substitution. National security issues are strategically important, solving these issues effects national economics defense potential. Russian Federation followed the import substitution strategy and started to support domestic producers. According to the Russian Federation President Decree of 13.05.2017 № 208, Russian Federation Economic Security Strategy was approved up to 2030. That Strategy is to oppose to economic security threats, to prevent any slump in resource and raw materials sphere, production sphere, scientific and technological spheres as well as in financial sphere. Also, the Strategy is to avoid decrease in quality of life. Import substitution is one of the main factors of economic security of any state.

Import Substitution in the Domestic Agricultural Machinery as a Factor in Increasing the Competitiveness of the Industry

Статья посвящена анализу и оценке мер государственной поддержки импортозамещения в национальном сельхозмашиностроении. Рассматриваются ход и результаты государственной поддержки импортозамещения в отрасли, недостатки, эффективность. Предложены шаги, способные повысить эффективность государственной поддержки импортозамещения в сельхозмашиностроении Российской Феде-рации. Effective development of domestic agricultural engineering ensures the achievement of high production volumes of agri-food products. To improve the national production of agricultural machinery, the leading countries of the world provide state support to their pro-ducers. At the same time, these countries stimulate the development of the industry in order to dominate their producers in the domestic market, and to expand into the markets of foreign countries. For a long time, Russia has been the object of widespread expansion by foreign manufacturers of agricultural equipment. At the same time, under the conditions of economic sanctions, dependence on im-ported agricultural equipment limits the development of the domes-tic agro-industrial complex. Significantly reduce dependence on foreign supplies of agricultural equipment and ensure the competi-tiveness of domes- tic products should be implemented in the indus-try's current policy of import substitution. The purpose of the article is to analyze the implementation of the policy of import substitution in domes-tic agricultural machinery and assess its impact on the development of the industry. Government sup-port has a significant impact on the development of the industry, which is confirmed by statistical data and materials of market participants. Analysis of the literature and regulatory acts showed that the state financial support for the industry is carried out in 4 areas: industrial, technological, marketing and personnel. The effectiveness of state support is determined by the state of the industry, the situation on the domestic market of agricultural equipment and the achievement of support goals. To date, govern-ment support measures for import substitution in the industry have not ensured its stable development and increased competitiveness of the products produced. The authors analyzed the implementation of the state policy of import substitution in the domestic agricultural machinery in the framework of the relevant sectoral plan. Based on the analysis, a conclusion was made about the need to improve measures of state support for the industry.

Нетрадиционные для Московского региона виды шиповников: морфометрические и весовые характеристики циннародиев

In connection with the state policy of import substitution and fortification of food products, in the Russian Federation, the search, study and introduction of new types of domestic non-traditional plant materials into the food industry are relevant. The purpose of the study is comparative analysis of the size and weight characteristics of cynarodies (fruits) of rosehips undergoing introduction tests in the arboretum of the N.V. Tsytsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, to find out the possibilities and advantages of their industrial and domestic use. The objects of the study are mature infructescences of hips growing abundantly in the conditions of Moscow region: Rosa amblyotis C.A. Mey, Rosa maximowicziana Regel and Rosa oxyodon Boiss. The determination of the length, diameter, weight of cynarrodies, the content of absolutely dry substances in them, as well as the statistical processing of the research results were carried out according to standard methods. The reliability of interspecies differences of analyzed traits were established according to criteria of Student and Fisher. The superiority of the most variable fresh and air-dried cynarrodies of R. oxyodon in length, diameter and weight (2.02×1.18 cm and 1.08 g, respectively) was revealed, compared to the smallest and least changeable infructescences of R. maximowicziana (0,86×0.90 cm and 0.34g), as well as of R. amblyotis fruits which are intermediate in terms of these characteristics (1.06 x1.22 cm and 0.74 g). However, infructescences of R. amblyotis, containing an increased percentage of absolutely dry substance (94%), turned out to be no less promising than larger ones due to the significant water content of R. oxyodon cynarrodies (90%). For final determination of industrial significance of investigated rosehips infructescences, the size and weight study we have undertaken is not enough; further biochemical analysis is required.

Foreign Experience of Import Substitution Policy

In the current international environment — with fashion on international sanctions, in particular, limiting the possibilities of purchasing high-tech equipment from abroad and dependency of the exchange rate of the ruble against various political provocations — the Russian Federation has faced with the necessity of re-industrialization of the ‘raw’ model of the economy and stimulation of the development of its inner potential. It should be noted that, in accordance with the Plan for promoting import substitution in industry No. 1936-r of 30 September 2014, approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of industry and trade of the Russian Federation has developed and is implementing 22 sectoral plans for import substitution in selected industries of the Russian Federation. In this regard, it is particularly important to study international experience in the field of import substitution policy. The validity and reliability of presented study are achieved by applying a systematic approach and scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, as well as regulatory, empirical method, etc. As a result of the analysis of international experience, it was possible to identify measures that can improve the efficiency of the state policy of import substitution, including through the use of offset mechanisms in civilian industries and the development of the institution of public procurement, certification, and standardization. In conclusion, the author proposes measures that can improve the policy of import substitution. The practical significance of the article consists in the possibility of applying the results of the study in the elaboration of industrial development programs and further research.

Theoretical and practical aspects of formation of organizational and economic mechanisms of import substitution

Today rates of own production don't meet the increased needs of the population and don't promote saturation of the markets domestic production that threatens food and national security in general. In such conditions extremely important are problems of import substitution, replacement of the imported goods due to revival and development of the domestic production of the food industry which is turning out competitive products. Need of cardinal increase in competitiveness of the Russian enterprises and expansion of domestic production of the food industry impose requirements to serious reorganization of state policy of import substitution.

Strategies of the russian companies in difficult economic conditions

Studying the performance of industrial companies in difficult economic conditions represents an actual scientific objective given that Russian companies are faced to identify new ways of development in the conditions of sanctions of the Russian economy and instability of economic development. The article includes generalization of the factors and conditions determining "difficult economic conditions"; definition of threats and opportunities of the Russian industrial companies; the description of the strategies already accepted by the companies in difficult economic conditions The article also includes the comparative analysis of substantial aspects of strategy of the Russian industrial companies. It appears that the most widespread strategy applied by the Russian industrial companies in the conditions of recession, especially in short-term perspective is the retrenchment strategy. The imposed sanctions and the state policy of import substitution are regarded as the stimulus for the industrial companies to revise the structure of the asset portfolio, to focus on reduction of operational costs and divestment of non-core assets. At the same time, the reduction of costs and assets reduces further capability of the industrial companies for growth and development when the conditions improve and revert to positive trend. The analysis of the strategies of Russian industrial companies identified four groups of strategies applied in difficult economic conditions: moderate product diversification; group protective diversification; rationalising diversification; conservative rationalization. It should be noted that no clear significant relationships were found between recession strategy types and recovery performance. This highlights the diversity of business responses to recession conditions and the uncertainty of subsequent performance outcomes.

MODERN AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION AND MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX OF RUSSIA

The article discusses the causes and conditions under which Russia entered a new phase of implementation of the state policy of import substitution in agriculture. In terms of Western sanctions caused by the events in Ukraine, sharp drop in oil prices and other commodity prices, Russia has found itself in a difficult economic situation. Leaders of the Russian Federation have repeatedly raised the issue of import imported food products on the domestic production, but their decision was not always positive and systematic, and only the events of recent years give us hope for positive results. The authors argue that, despite the multifactorial problem, the economic policy of import substitution in the agricultural sector has real prospects for successful implementation of programs to ensure food security of country.

PROBLEMS OF STATE POLICY FOR INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IMPORT SUBSTITUTION

Carrying out the import substitution policy is constrained by several factors, the main of which include financial instability, low production capacity of enterprises, unfavorable foreign policy Wednesday. To enable the implementation of the state policy of import substitution neophodimo reoriented to increase the efficiency. In turn, the effectiveness criterion in modern conditions may make financial provision, financial instruments, supply and demand for import substitution, product competitiveness, quality of life and so on. In order to improve the effectiveness of state policy of import substitution is necessary to introduce a system of institutional reforms to ensure macroeconomic stability, to increase the productive capacity of the country to ensure food and economic security in general, to reduce market fluctuations.

Политика импортозамещения в гостиничном бизнесе: ориентация на отечественного производителя

The article discusses the new conditions for the functioning of the hotel enterprises, due
 to the state policy of import substitution, which is carried out under the influence of economic
 sanctions on European countries and the United States against Russia. Focusing on domestic
 producers can have a positive impact on the efficiency the hospitality industry through the
 development of direct cooperation links. The most urgent needs of the hotel, the satisfaction of
 which by domestic producers faced with certain organizational and financial problems, require
 the development of public-private partnership. Small farmers are regarded as the main suppliers
 of foods to hotels in the regions. The necessity of government support measures for farmers as
 key strategic partners of the hotel enterprises in the regions is justified. The experience of the
 pilot project for the integration of farmers in the Internet space, which provides rapid remote
 communication of small farmers and hotel companies in the process of cooperation, is
 represented.