State Of Utah Research Articles

Population-based familial aggregation of eosinophilic esophagitis suggests a genetic contribution

Prior familial clustering studies have observed an increased risk of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) mostly among first-degree relatives, suggesting a genetic contribution to EoE, and twin studies have suggested a powerful contribution from environmental factors. This study sought to clarify the contribution of genetic factors to EoE through estimation of familial aggregation and risk of EoE in extended relatives. The Utah Population Database, a population-based genealogy resource linked to electronic medical records for health care systems across the state of Utah, was used to identify EoE cases and age, sex, and birthplace-matched controls at a 5:1 ratio. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds of EoE among relatives of EoE probands compared with the odds of EoE among relatives of controls. There were 4,423 EoE cases and 24,322 controls. The population-attributable risk of EoE was 31% (95% CI, 28% to 34%), suggesting a relatively strong genetic contribution. Risks of EoE were significantly increased among first-degree relatives (odds ratio [OR], 7.19; 95% CI, 5.65-9.14), particularly first-degree relatives of EoE cases diagnosed <18years of age (OR, 16.3; 95% CI, 9.4-28.3); second-degree relatives (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.49-2.65); and first cousins (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.03-1.77), providing evidence of a genetic contribution. However, spouses of EoE probands were observed to be at increased risk of EoE (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.31-6.25), suggesting either positive assortative mating or a shared environmental contribution to EoE. This study supports a significant genetic contribution to EoE as evidenced by increased risk of EoE in distant relatives.

Dynamic transit accessibility and transit gap causality analysis

Public Transit Accessibility (PTA) analysis helps transit agencies and planners identify areas in need of transit service improvements and prioritize transit investments. To evaluate the accessibility of existing transit services and identify access gaps, it is critical to accurately estimate travel times between transit stops, which change throughout the day due to transit schedule variations. Commonly used methods in PTA ignore such temporal fluctuation. Moreover, these methods are unable to elucidate the causes of poor PTA. To address these issues, we first implemented an algorithm to effectively compute travel times at multiple departure times throughout the day in order to enable spatiotemporal PTA analysis. A series of indicators that are intuitive to interpret were developed to determine the varying causes of poor PTA and identify areas with immediate needs for improvements. We showcase the analytical framework using a transit network in the State of Utah operated by the Utah Transit Authority. The analysis is based solely on publicly-available open datasets, which makes it generally adaptable to other transit networks. Results can assist transit agencies with identifying areas in need of service improvement and prioritizing future investments.

Drivers of adaptation: Responses to weather- and climate-related hazards in 60 local governments in the Intermountain Western U.S.

Cities are key sites of action for adaptation to climate change. However, there are a wide variety of responses to hazards at the municipal level. Why do communities take adaptive action in the face of weather- and climate-related risk? We studied what cities are doing in response to existing natural hazards, such as floods, droughts, and blizzards as an analog for understanding the drivers of adaptive behavior toward climate change risks. We conducted a survey of 60 U.S. municipalities followed by six in-depth case studies in the intermountain west states of Colorado, Wyoming and Utah that regularly experience weather and climate extreme events. Our analysis shows that perception of risk and external factors such as planning requirements and availability of funding stand out as important drivers. Nevertheless, political action is rarely driven by a single factor or event. Overall, our results suggest that multiple factors interact or act in combination to produce an enabling environment for action in the face of weather- and climate-related risk.

Health Impact Assessment of the Proposed Opioid Prior Authorization Policy in the State of Utah, USA

Background: From 2000-2014, Utah experienced a 400% increase in opioidrelated deaths and currently ranks 4th in the nation for such deaths. To address this problem, a policy was recently proposed by the Utah State Legislature that would require insurance prior authorization (PA) for certain high dose, long-acting opioid prescriptions. The purpose of this study is to analyze potential health impacts of the policy and to determine whether it would be an effective step in combatting Utah’s opioid problem. Methods: A rapid Health Impact Assessment (HIA) was performed to assess the potential health impacts of the proposed policy. Hypotheses were generated and a causal pathway was developed. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered to assess each hypothesis and determine the direction, magnitude, likelihood, and distribution of each potential health impact. Results: Several positive and negative health impacts of the policy were examined. Negative health impacts that are likely include increased time and cost for prescribers, and increased patient stress and anxiety due to difficulties in filling prescriptions. Positive health impacts include a modest decrease in the amount of opioids prescribed and a modest decrease in opioid consumption, leading to a decrease in the number of persons addicted to prescription opioids. Conclusion: Given the potential for the proposed PA policy to decrease the number of opioid addicts, it is recommended that the Utah State Legislature move forward with the proposed policy. However, in order to mitigate potential negative health effects, it is recommended that pain specialists be exempt from opioid-related PA.

Brief for Amici Curiae John M. Connor, Martin Gaynor, Daniel Mcfadden, Roger Noll, Jeffrey M. Perloff, Joseph A. Stiglitz, Lawrence J. White, and Ralph A. Winter in Support of Petitioners; In the Supreme Court of the United States; States of Ohio, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Montana, Rhode Island, Utah, and Vermont, Petitioners v. American Express Company, and American

The court erred by: (1) assuming that that the characterization of the Amex service as a two-sided platform should fundamentally change the antitrust principles that govern the Amex restraints, (2) misunderstanding the nature of competition in two-sided markets, (3) placing the burden on plaintiffs to disprove that the harm from supracompetitive merchant fees are not outweighed by benefits to third parties (cardholders in this case), and most importantly (4) disregarding the critical antitrust issue – the impacts of the Amex merchant anti-steering and pricing restraints on competition among credit card platforms.

A Democracy, If You Can Keep It

A Democracy, If You Can Keep It Danielle Allen (bio) The question of whether the United States counts as a democracy has become a theme that introduces partisan bickering. Although the United States is in common parlance now called a "democracy," some insist that the only proper label for its political form is that of "republic." Take as an example the education system of the state of Utah. The 1895 Utah constitution guarantees a free public education to all, and the state code (amended as of 2003) requires the state's public education system to "offer a world-class core curriculum that enables students to successfully compete in a global society, and to succeed as citizens of a constitutional republic."1 Utah's US Government and Citizenship Core, voted into effect in August 2010 by the Utah State Board of Education,2 establishes as the first objective of the first standard that students "investigate the ideas and events that significantly influenced the creation of the United States Constitution and the United States' form of government, a compound constitutional republic." The third standard sets the expectation that "students will understand the distribution of power among the national, state, and local governments in the United States federal system, or compound constitutional republic." And the sixth standard, which requires that students understand the links between the United States and international systems, tasks students with comparing "different political systems with that of the United States; e.g., dictatorship, democracy, theocracy, monarchy, totalitarianism."3 Students in Utah are bound to learn that the United States is not and was never intended to be a democracy. Will they have learned the right lesson? The question of whether the United States is best understood as a republic or a democracy is, in my view, a nonquestion. In fact, it can seem a real question only if the compromises that secured the early American [End Page 368] polity are obscured. In 1776, plenty of founders invoked the idea of democracy as the goal of their pursuit. Take Samuel Adams as an example, in this letter written to Benjamin Kent, dated July 27, 1776: New Govts are now erecting in the several American States under the Authority of the people. Monarchy seems to be generally exploded–and it is not a little surprising to me, that the Aristocratick Spirit which appeared to have taken deep Root in some of them, now gives place to that of Democracy. You justly observe that "the Soul or Spirit of Democracy is Virtue." No State can long preserve its liberty "where Virtue is not supremely honored." I flatter my self you are mistaken in thinking ours is so very deficient, and I do assure you, I find relief in supposing your Colouring is too high.4 During the heady days of the Revolution, both before and after the passage of the Declaration of Independence, political matters were debated not in terms of whether to pursue a democracy or a republic but with regard to the question of how "popular" new political institutions ought to be. The question, in other words, was the degree to which popular sovereignty, rather than an aristocratic principle, ought to be the basis for the newly forming polities. This was the controversy that John Adams worried would block reception of his April 1776 pamphlet Some Thoughts on Government. "In New England, the 'Thoughts on Government' will be disdained," Adams wrote on May 12, 1776, to James Warren, " because they are not popular enough. In the Southern Colonies, they will be despised and detested, because too popular."5 New England's politics were dominated by the structure of democratic town meetings; the Southern plantation economy tended toward more aristocratic political forms. The first period of founding saw extensive experimentation with the possible forms of political institutions. The Pennsylvania constitution chose a maximally popular structure, establishing a single unicameral legislature based in the franchise of all the freemen of the commonwealth. In other words, it eschewed a structure with an upper, "aristocratic" house to counterbalance a lower house. Thomas Paine was among the ardent supporters of this constitution. In contrast, the Articles of Confederation rested not on a principle of popular...

The Awkward State of Utah: Coming of Age in the Nation, 1896–1945

Book Review| January 01 2017 The Awkward State of Utah: Coming of Age in the Nation, 1896–1945 Charles S. Peterson and Brian Q. Cannon, The Awkward State of Utah: Coming of Age in the Nation, 1896–1945, Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2015. ix + 344 pp. Photographs, notes, bibliography, index. Paper; $29.95; ISBN 978-1-60781-421-4. Alec Kearns Alec Kearns ALEC KEARNS is master of arts student in religious education at Brigham Young University, where his research interests include Mormon attitudes about America during the decades following Utah statehood. He works as a coordinator for seminaries and institutes of religion. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Mormon History (2017) 43 (1): 209–211. https://doi.org/10.5406/jmormhist.43.1.0209 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Alec Kearns; The Awkward State of Utah: Coming of Age in the Nation, 1896–1945. Journal of Mormon History 1 January 2017; 43 (1): 209–211. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/jmormhist.43.1.0209 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of Mormon History Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2017 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2017 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Update to Assessing Economic Damages in Personal Injury andWrongful Death Litigation: The State of Utah

Abstract Current changes to personal injury and wrongful death litigation in the state of Utah.

Assessing and Improving the Accuracy of GlobeLand30 Data for Urban Area Delineation by Combining Multisource Remote Sensing Data

For a long time, the available global products of the urban area extent were limited to a coarse spatial resolution, e.g., Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) global land cover (GLC) 500-m data and European Space Agency GlobCover 300-m data. This limitation was broken by the GlobeLand30 data, which is the world’s first 30-m resolution GLC data set. However, detection accuracies of urban areas for the GlobeLand30 data (i.e., artificial surfaces) are not satisfactory. Therefore, in order to refine the detection accuracy of urban areas on the basis of the GlobeLand30 data, we propose a novel framework for urban area delineation by combining a set of remote sensing images and a geographical information system database, including the GlobeLand30 data, the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), the Land Use Interpretation Map (LUIM) of China, and Landsat images. First, the GlobeLand30 and land use/land cover products (e.g., NLCD or LUIM) are overlapped, and the study area is then separated into reliable and unreliable areas with a majority voting rule. Finally, the unreliable areas are confirmed by use of the Landsat data with a multiclassifier system. Experiments were conducted over two study areas that, respectively, represent typical patterns of American and Chinese urban areas: 1) the states of Utah, Mississippi, and Pennsylvania in the U.S. and 2) the provinces of Ningxia, Fujian, and Jilin in China. The results show that the accuracy of the GlobeLand30 data for urban area delineation can be significantly improved by integrating the multisource data and using the multiclassifier system.

Salting the Earth: The Environmental Impact of Oil and Gas Wastewater Spills.

Salting the Earth: The Environmental Impact of Oil and Gas Wastewater Spills.

Work–Family Balance and Alternative Work Schedules

In 2008, the State of Utah implemented a 4-day workweek for their employees. This article examines the impact on employees using a postimplementation survey. For employees on the 4-day schedule, there were no significant differences by gender on work–family balance or on the impact of the schedule. However, women did demonstrate slightly more positive attitudes toward the 4-day schedule. Employees with children at home reported lower work–family balance and greater impact of the 4-day schedule. In contrast, no difference in attitudes toward the 4-day schedule was found by age, although work–family balance differed among age groups. There were differences in work–family balance between employees on the 4-day schedule and those on traditional schedules; however, the more substantial factor was whether an employee selected his or her schedule. The current study highlights the importance of engaging employees when making significant organizational changes, such as transitioning from traditional work schedules to alternative schedules.

The effects of damage on sign visibility: An assist in traffic sign replacement

Abstract Traffic signs often convey critical information to drivers. To ensure visibility in nighttime or low light conditions, traffic signs must be in compliance with the minimum retroreflectivity standards outlined by the manual on uniform traffic control devices (MUTCD). Among all of the assessment methods (visual nighttime inspection, retroreflectivity measurement) and management methods (expected life, blanket replacement, and control signs) outlined in the MUTCD, expected sign life has been the most selected by agencies for maintaining compliance. In current literature, little research exists with regard to schedule sign replacement, focusing rather on the current favorite predictor, sign age. However, after collecting data on 1683 in-service traffic signs across the state of Utah, this study primarily concluded that not only sign age, but other contributing factors affect sign retroreflective performance. Aiming to determine the effects of various damage forms on sign retroreflectivity, statistical methods, including regression models, chi-square test, t -test, and odds ratio were employed to analyze traffic sign data. At the conclusion, the strong association between damage and retroreflectivity compliance of traffic signs was evident. In addition, to identify more critical damage forms, the effects of various forms on traffic sign retroreflectivity were compared. These conclusions provide insight to inform transportation agencies in the development of sign management plans and schedule sign replacement.

Muscular strength and endurance and cardio-metabolic health in disadvantaged Hispanic children from the U.S.

The predictive relationship between muscular strength and endurance and cardio-metabolic health, independent from aerobic fitness, is not clear in disadvantaged Hispanic children. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive relationship between muscular strength and endurance and clustered cardio-metabolic risk, controlling for aerobic fitness, in Hispanic children from low-income schools. Participants were 320 Hispanic children (Mean age = 10.1 ± 1.1 years; 164 girls, 156 boys) recruited during the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 academic years from five low-income schools from the state of Utah in the U.S. Muscular strength and endurance was assessed using the push-up and curl-up tests and estimated VO2 Peak was calculated from the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run. A clustered metabolic syndrome composite score (MetS) was calculated from cardio-metabolic health measurements consisting of HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, waist circumference, blood glucose, and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Multi-level general linear mixed effects models were used to examine the predictive relationship between muscular strength and endurance and MetS, controlling for the effect of aerobic fitness and the clustering of children within classrooms and schools. Children who were in the middle and upper tertiles for muscular strength and endurance associated with a lower (more favorable) MetS score (middle tertile: β = − 2.59, 95% C.I. [− 4.23, − 0.95], p < 0.05; upper tertile: β = − 1.57, 95% C.I. [− 3.20, − 0.16], p < 0.05). The results suggest that higher levels of muscular strength and endurance relate to lower cardio-metabolic risk, independent of aerobic fitness, in Hispanic children from low-income schools.

The harvestman genus Taracus Simon 1879, and the new genus Oskoron(Opiliones: Ischyropsalidoidea: Taracidae).

The ischyropsalidoid genus Taracus Simon 1879 is reviewed and all previously named species are redescribed. Taracus nigripes Goodnight & Goodnight, 1943 is synonymized with T. packardi Simon 1879, and T. malkini Goodnight & Goodnight 1945 with Oskoron spinosus (Banks) 1894; the type locality of T. gertschi Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 is corrected from "eastern Oregon" to Rose Lake, Idaho, based on original labelling. The following new species of Taracus are described: T. carmanah (Vancouver Island), T. marchingtoni (Oregon), T. taylori, T. spesavius (both Nevada), T. timpanogos (Utah), T. audisioae, T. ubicki, and T. fluvipileus (all California). A new genus Oskoron is based upon O. spinosus (Banks) 1894, originally described in Taracus, and also includes two new species, O. brevichelis (Oregon, Washington) and O. crawfordi (Washington). New locality records extend the known distribution of Taracus to the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia and the US states of Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada and New Mexico. Schönhofer's (2013) proposal of a family Taracidae for Taracus, Hesperonemastoma Gruber 1970 and Crosbycus Roewer 1914 is discussed.

Evaluation of Employee Vaccination Policies in Outpatient Oncology Clinics: A Pilot Study.

All major hospital facilities in the state of Utah have employee vaccination policies. However, the presence of healthcare worker vaccination policies in outpatient oncology clinics was unknown. The objectives of this article are to identify oncology outpatient employee vaccination policies in Utah and to identify what consequences, if any, are present for unvaccinated employees. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study design in which clinic managers from outpatient oncology clinics were asked, via questionnaire, to describe the clinic's employee vaccination policy and the consequences for refusing the policy. Most vaccination policies applied to employees primarily assigned to work in the direct patient care area. Most commonly, influenza and hepatitis B vaccines were required as part of the vaccination policy. Most managers offered free vaccinations to employees, but most managers also allowed employees to refuse to follow the vaccination policy for medical, religious, or personal reasons.

Deconstructing Death: Derrida and the Scene of Execution

I would like to begin with a rather spectacular vision of the death penalty, one that brings together, with great irony, the death penalty, the possibility but also the impossibility of its abolition, and the 'American spirit'. Here is that vision:I would like to see a law passed which would abolish capital punishment, except for those states which insisted on keeping it. Such states would then be allowed to kill criminals provided that the killing is not impersonal but personal and a public spectacle: to wit that the executioner be more or less the same size and weight as the criminal (the law could here specify the limits) and that they fight to death using no weapons, or weapons not capable of killing at a distance. Thus, knives or broken bottles would be acceptable. Guns would not.The benefit of this law is that it might return us to moral responsibility. The killer would carry the other man's death in his psyche. The audience, in turn, would experience a sense of tragedy, since the executioners, highly trained for this, would almost always win. In the flabby American spirit there is a buried sadist who finds the bullfight contemptible - what he really desires are gladiators. Since nothing is worse for a country than repressed sadism, this method of execution would offer ventilation for the more cancerous emotions of the American public.1The author of this fight-club-phantasy - this unadulterated AmericanGladiators-meets-Thunderdome scenario - is Norman Mailer. The same Norman Mailer who would, some twenty years later, go on to write the Pulitzer Prize-winning 'true life story' The Executioner's Song (1979), which depicts in 1109 pages the events surrounding the execution of Gary Gilmore by the state of Utah in 1977 (Gary Gilmore was the first person executed in the United States after the re-instatement of the death penalty in 1976). 'The Executioner's Song' is, of course, also the title of a 1982 NBC film starring Tommy Lee Jones and Rosanna Arquette.2But before the book, and before the movie, Mailer wrote a short article, titled 'A Program for the Nation', from which I have just quoted an excerpt. This article was written in response to a survey from Esquire magazine in 1959,3 in which 150 famous people were queried about the 1960 U.S. Presidential election: 'What, to your mind, should be the most important issues in the election' (Presidential Papers, p10)?Now if I turn to Mailer's program for the nation here, it is not only because he addresses capital punishment as an important, presidential issue. It is also because he insists on the scene of execution in America. There is a scene, says Mailer, that is not being seen: a hidden and invisible and perhaps even disavowed scene. This scene, says Mailer, must be made visible; it must be literally seen (this is his irony). America must see what it refuses to see: the scene of execution. What Mailer goes on to describe, however, is a rather unAmerican scene: no lethal injection here (or to put it less anachronistically: no hanging, no electric chair, no gas chamber here). Instead Mailer stages his American scene of execution as an epic historical drama, as an archaic and sadistic scene.Indeed, what Mailer's phantasy makes visible is not only a Roman scene. It is also a second (or even third) scene, which is really a kind of primal scene: 'In the flabby American spirit there is a buried sadist who finds the bullfight contemptible - what he really desires are gladiators'. In the deep, dark, fleshy recesses of the American soul lies a desire that is older, younger, more primitive, more archaic than a desire for (European) bullfights. It's a desire for cutting weapons and a desire for human, rather than animal, sacrifice. Thus, Mailer's insistence on the scene of capital punishment leads him, as it were, behind the scene(s), to the scene's latent structure: 'Since nothing is worse for a country than repressed sadism, this method of execution would offer ventilation for the more cancerous emotions of the American public'. …

The Property Clause and its Discontents: Lessons from the Malheur Refuge Occupation

The occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in Oregon by a group of armed militants led by Ammon Bundy during January 2016 spotlighted public land management to a largely oblivious American public. The militants’ month-long occupation was only the latest of several armed confrontations in recent years, one of them at Bundy’s father’s ranch in Nevada. What made the Malheur incident unusual were not only the length of the occupation but also the claims of the militants that their occupation was based on constitutional principles. We examine those claims in this article and find them meritless, wholly inconsistent with a long line of Supreme Court interpretations of the plenary federal power to manage federal public lands under the Property Clause. Although there is no justifiable legal case against federal ownership and management of public lands, the militants and their sympathizers may succeed in their efforts to divest federal land management in the political arena, epitomized by the 2016 Republican Party platform endorsing federal divestiture. Conveying federal lands to the states, as urged particularly by the state of Utah, however, would be a recipe for privatizing a common birthright of all Americans and inconsistent with moral, if not legal obligations to future generations.

The Impact of Using Documented but Uncharged Offense Data on JSORRAT-II Predictive Validity

Following the implementation of sexual offender notification laws, researchers have found a drop in the rate of prosecutions and an increase in plea bargains for sexual offenses committed by male juveniles. This type of prosecutorial hesitation has implications for the predictive validity of sexual recidivism risk assessments, such as the Juvenile Sexual Offender Recidivism Risk Assessment Tool-II (JSORRAT-II), that require data from officially adjudicated offenses in the scoring of several items. The present study sought to test the impact of including data from documented but uncharged (DBU) sexual offenses in the scoring of the JSORRAT-II on its predictive validity using an exhaustive sample of 1,095 juveniles who offended sexually from the states of Iowa and Utah. Although sexual recidivists had significantly more DBU data, the inclusion of those data did not improve the predictive validity of the tool. The authors discuss additional reasons why changes in prosecutorial practice might remain confound in risk assessment studies and suggest future research to investigate those hypotheses.

The Awkward State of Utah: Coming of Age in the Nation, 1896-1945 . By Charles S. Peterson and Brian Q. Cannon

The Awkward State of Utah: Coming of Age in the Nation, 1896-1945. By Charles S. Peterson and Brian Q. Cannon. (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2015, ix + 474 pp. Illustrations, table, notes, bibliography, index. $29.95, paper.) In thirteen well balanced chapters, Charles Peterson and Brian Cannon have written a comprehensive, well researched history, and a very readable volume of Utah’s past from its beginning days in the decade of the 1890s and statehood to the end of World War II. Originally planned as one of four volumes detailing Utah’s history at the centennial of statehood, this volume is a welcome detailed look at Utah’s history and particularly the historiography of this period over the past half century. Three chapters are particularly strong and insightful. Chapter 7 (At the Whiplash End of Pluralism: … rsadler{at}weber.edu

Non-recurrent congestion analysis using data-driven spatiotemporal approach for information construction

A systematic approach to quantify Incident-Induced Delay (IID) is proposed in this study. The paper complements existing literature by developing a data-driven method to dynamically determine the spatiotemporal extent of individual incidents. The information construction process can be further used to uncover a variety of features that are associated with any specific incidents for optimal freeway management. Additionally, this study contributes two particular highlights: secondary incident identification and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) pattern matching. Secondary incident identification, as a pre-processing for IID estimation, disentangles the convoluted influences of subsequent incidents. The proposed method uses KNN pattern matching, an essentially heuristic search process to separate the delay solely induced by incidents from the recurrent congestion. The proposed algorithm on IID quantification was implemented on Interstate 15 in the state of Utah using data obtained from 2013. Results and implications are presented. Hot spot analysis is conducted that can be potentially used for incident mitigation and to inform investment decisions. The proposed methodology is easily transferable to any traffic operation system that has access to sensor data at a corridor level.