State Of Theory Research Articles

Thinking Beyond Generations: On the Future of Revolution Theory

AbstractA recent exchange between Allinson (2019) and Abrams (2019) on the current state of revolution theory rests on the assumption that the generational, backward‐looking view of revolution studies is also a fruitful way of thinking of the field's present and future. We argue, in contrast, that while a generational approach has important benefits, it also contains shortcomings that may lead the future of revolution studies in less fruitful directions. We examine where an overreliance on generational thinking has led us, provide an exploratory sketch of how we can begin to move beyond generational thinking, and imagine a new future for the study of revolution.

Entanglement entropy: non-Gaussian states and strong coupling

In this work we provide a method to study the entanglement entropy for non-Gaussian states that minimize the energy functional of interacting quantum field theories at arbitrary coupling. To this end, we build a class of non-Gaussian variational trial wavefunctionals with the help of exact nonlinear canonical transformations. The calculability bonanza shown by these variational ansatze allows us to compute the entanglement entropy using the prescription for the ground state of free theories. In free theories, the entanglement entropy is determined by the two-point correlation functions. For the interacting case, we show that these two-point correlators can be replaced by their nonperturbatively corrected counterparts. Upon giving some general formulae for general interacting models we calculate the entanglement entropy of half space and compact regions for the ϕ4 scalar field theory in 2D. Finally, we analyze the rôle played by higher order correlators in our results and show that strong subadditivity is satisfied.

LIMITING THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE SUSPECT AND THE ACCUSED IN THE ELECTION OF A MEASURE OF RESTRAINT - BANNING CERTAIN ACTIONS

LIMITING THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE SUSPECT AND THE ACCUSED IN THE ELECTION OF A MEASURE OF RESTRAINT - BANNING CERTAIN ACTIONS

Abiogenic and Biogenic Petroleum Origin: A Common Theory for Geological Surveys

Biogenic and abiogenic origins of petroleum are a pertinent problem today, which have been examined in this article including the current state of theories and experimental facts. The paper provides an overview of works on this subject over the past decade. As analysis of scientific research efforts, majority of scientists suggest that petroleum is organic in origin. The second theory also includes reliable facts and hypotheses about the existence of abiogenic hydrocarbons. This origin is associated with tectonic geological processes, in particular, orogenesis, rifting, excessive releases, erosion, sediment deposition, deep gas releases, etc. The results of experimental studies, the existing concepts presented in this review, show that despite disagreements between the proponents of both theories, common beliefs remain prevalent, namely, about the process of hydrocarbons formation both on Earth and other objects of the solar system. The analysis concludes that the consolidation of these theories is of high scientific interest and has great potential for confirmation of numerous hypotheses, facts from the scientific point of view and the search for alternative energy sources due to environmental and economic issues associated with the impoverishment of natural resources. This review study is valuable for generalising various scientific theories, which can be used for future research efforts and modelling new ideas about the origin of hydrocarbons.

Coalizer: A coalition tool combining office and policy motivations of political parties

ABSTRACT While prior work on coalition theories focuses either solely on office or on policy motivations of parties, more elaborate theories combine both types of motivation. Said combination makes them much more appropriate for explaining coalition formation but also more complex. One possibility to make these models broadly applicable are coalition tools. Since existing tools do not incorporate advances from such theories, we present a new coalition tool called Coalizer which takes both office and policy motivations into account and reflects the state of coalition theory. Among others, Coalizer includes features like the computation of policy utility values basing on party positions (supporting different estimation modes), the combination of office and policy utility values, and the indication of utility maximizing strategies for parties. In this paper, we present our coalition tool and illustrate its functionality with the example of the German federal elections in 2017. Coalizer is available online at www.mytuc.org/mcbz

Introduction to the special issue of ROSE

This special issue of the Review of Social Economics is intended to demonstrate, and to partially survey, the state of Marxian theory in the social sciences. As such, the articles have been selecte...

An Issue of “Who Sees” the Fictional World: Teaching the Conceptual Evolution of Focalization

Narratology constitutes a vital component of literary criticism and theory. A prime goal of narratology teaching is to build a systematic conceptual framework of key narrative concepts for students. A good command of the core concepts of narrative theory ensures profound narratological textual criticism. Taking focalization as a case study for Chinese college students, this paper analyzes the evolution and current state of focalization theory with the aim of helping them to acquire a systematic conceptual framework of focalization theory. This paper adopts both synchronic and diachronic approaches to examine the conceptual evolution of focalization, focusing on the early exploration of focalization, the focalization study in classical and postclassical narratology, and the analysis of nonhuman focalization. Focalization is an issue of “who sees” which is often conflated with the issue of “who speaks” in the early stage of its conceptual evolution. Genette has made a distinction between them, and scholars of classical narratology developed variegated focalization theories. Postclassical narratology made major improvements, emphasizing readers’ reception and the context of focalization. Nonhuman focalization, a distinctive dimension of focalization theory, also counts as an important interpretative perspective concerning focalization for students. An elaborate discussion of the conceptual evolution of focalization seeks to reveal to students a multi-dimensional conception of focalization as a way to enhance their ability to perform a narratological reading of literary texts.

Study on Adsorption and Separation of Gas in Metal-organic Framework Materials Based on Density Functional Theory

This article reviews the recent progress on predicting the adsorption properties of metal-organic framework by using classical density functional theory and focused on the application of the classical density functional theory to the high-throughput screening, which is accelerated by fast Fourier Transform. Comparing to the conventional molecular simulations, the advantage of the accelerated classical density functional theory is the calculation speed, especially for simple small molecule systems, which makes the high-throughput screening on MOF materials feasible. However, it appears that there is a lack of efficient method to deal with the complicated molecules. How to construct a reasonable free energy functional of complicated fluid is the main challenge to state of art classical density functional theory. In a word, the improvement of CDFT theory and the combination of CDFT and molecular simulation are the two main ways for CDFT to predict gas adsorption in MOF.

Формирование доктрины и законодательства о правовых режимах банковской деятельности

Introduction: the article presents the results of a critical analysis of the current state of theory and legislation on the legal regimes of banking. Objectives: to build a competitive legal framework for the operation of Russian credit institutions in ordinary and extraordinary legal regimes; to increase the availability of banking services in the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol; to develop the theory of legal regimes of entrepreneurial activities and banking. Methods: the methodological framework of this study is a set of scientific methods where the main ones are the methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction and deduction, classification, interpretation, historical, comparative, statistical methods, logical methods of determining the scope and content of concepts; interpretation of law. Results: the author offers ideas contributing to the emerging doctrine of legal regimes of entrepreneurial activities in general and banking in particular: the paper provides arguments in favor of abandoning the category ‘general legal regime of entrepreneurial activities’; it substantiates the differentiation of legal regimes based on their legal properties into ordinary and extraordinary, with their further differentiation by business areas (or business entities), objectives and the initiator of introducing, regime quality completeness, voluntary or compulsory involvement of business entities, the impact on the business legal capacity, the territory of the legal regime and its validity. There are made numerous proposals aiming to improve the regulatory windows of the basic legal regime of banking and superstructural legal regimes – experimental, sanction and high-alert regimes. Conclusions: the theory of banking legal regimes has not yet been developed, which prevents creating an appropriate, efficient legislative system; active theoretical conceptualization and legislative improvement of all banking legal regimes are required.

The current state of theory and technology enrichment of poly metallic ores and enrichment products

Many lead and especially lead-zinc ores contain copper. The copper content in lead concentrates obtained by enriching such ores with flotation is significant (3.5%). The presence of copper in lead concentrates reduces the extraction of lead during metallurgical alteration, and also complicates and increases the cost of lead smelting, and, in addition, creates difficult working conditions for workers in metallurgical workshops. In practical terms, the task of separating lead-copper concentrates by selective flotation is one of the most difficult. Researchers in recent years have been able to significantly develop and improve the technology for the separation of lead-copper concentrates, due to which a number of factories have reduced the copper content in lead concentrates and increased lead extraction. However, this issue has not yet reached its radical solution, due to the difference in ores of different deposits in its chemical, mineralogical composition and other features.

Kazakhstan's soft power: present policy and opportunities

The article analyzes the role of soft power theory in world politics, the history of its application in the system of international relations, the features of the use of soft power tools by major actors and the current state of soft power theory. The author also spoke about the potential tools of Kazakhstan's soft power policy and the mechanisms for its use. Comparative analysis, summary analysis methods were used in writing the article. Scientific works and articles on the theory of soft power are analyzed. The results of the study suggest ways to achieve success through the use of the Latin alphabet, other ethnic groups immigrated from Kazakhstan, the Kazakh diaspora abroad, tourism, the Russian language.

Symposium: Authority, legitimacy, and contestation in global governance

AbstractAs global governance institutions appear increasingly contested by state and non-state actors alike, understanding their origin, operation, and impact is becoming ever more urgent. This symposium uses Michael Zürn's A Theory of Global Governance: Authority, Legitimacy, and Contestation (OUP, 2018) as a springboard to explore the state of global governance theory. A Theory opens new terrain and advances bold and original arguments, including the contention that global governance is itself best understood as a political system. It analyzes a cycle from rising authority beyond the state through the 20th century, to ensuing legitimation problems toward the century's end, to the politicization and contestation triggered by such problems. A book of such ambition inevitably elicits queries within diverse international relations research communities. This symposium features seven articles from diverse traditions in engagement with A Theory's understanding of global contestation, authority, and legitimacy. These are followed by a response from Zürn. An introduction situates A Theory within extant research on global governance, highlights its endogenous theory of global politics, and identifies the stakes of deepening research on the sources of global authority, contestation, and political legitimation.

Politics and theory of global governance

AbstractAt a point when global governance appears to be at a crossroad, caught between globalizing and national populist forces, International Relations theorists are deeply immersed in debating what brought the world to this point. This contribution enlists Michael Zürn'sA Theory of Global Governance(2018) to explore the state of global governance theory through a focus on three substantive themes: authority, legitimacy, and contestation in global governance. It identifies the current state of theorizing on each theme, situates Zürn's claims within these literatures, and previews counterpoints from a variety of theoretical perspectives.

The Need to Update the Research Methodology in Criminal Law Science

Introduction. The current state of criminal-political theory requires not only a substantive, but also a methodological renewal. This is both through the active creation of new methods and research directions, and also by utilization of already well established methodological principles. One of these principles, is the principle of unity and the struggle of opposites, which taken together constitute the core of dialectical methodology. This to some extent discredited in the history of Russian science, but its potential has not been fully revealed. Deprived of ideological flair, the study of criminal policy from the point of view of analysing its constituent contradictions is a new and promising area of research in the sphere of domestic legal science. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out using the tradition of dialectical understanding of the content and essence of any social phenomenon. This is by a methodology where its state at each specific moment of time is determined by the content and ratio of the opposites that form this phenomenon. From these positions, the current practice of the implementation of criminal policy and its assessment in modern literature are the subject of research. Results. In the analysis of the system of contradictions in criminal policy, it is promising to single for future independent research, two areas. The first is contradictions in the development and contradictions in the functioning of criminal policy. The second is the representation of the relationship between the opposite characteristics of the functioning of criminal policy at a given moment in time. This develops within a certain interval of policy development and manifests itself as a type of tendency. They can both be presented in the form of several groups that reveal the dialectic of the ideal and the material, the structure and functions of the system, the forthcomingly due and the current existing. Discussion and Conclusion. It is fundamentally important to distinguish between contradictions in the functioning of criminal policy and the subjective assessment of criminal policy itself as contradictory. If the subjective assessment is largely dictated by the ideological position of the observer, then the objective contradictions in the functioning of criminal policy are characterised by the eternal coexistence of opposites and their indestructibility. This presupposes their resolution in the context of the multi-vector development of society on a democratic basis by reaching agreement, and in some cases a compromise. The resolution of contradictions in the functioning of criminal policy should be subordinated not so much to the goal of optimising lawmaking or law enforcement activities, but rather to the goal of minimising crime and protecting constitutional values from criminal threats.

Moving discourse theory forward

AbstractThis article assesses the current state of play of the poststructuralist and post-Marxist discourse theory associated with Laclau and Mouffe and the ‘Essex school’, and identifies ways forward at the level of theory development, research practice and critique. The article starts by disentangling the different meanings of the notion of ‘discourse’ in ‘discourse theory’, clarifying the specificities of discourse theory as a theoretical and analytical framework and situating discourse theory in, but also beyond, critical discourse studies. It then moves to an assessment of the current state of discourse theory, its main contributions, and the identification of shortcomings and ways forward. This discussion is organized around five topics: methodology and the theory-analysis dialectic; the logics approach; the discursive-material relation; the role of fantasy and other psychoanalytic categories; and populism.

Tocqueville's State of Nature Foundation

AbstractThis article presents an entirely new interpretation of the foundations of Alexis de Tocqueville's liberalism. The current scholarly consensus is that Tocqueville rejects the state of nature foundation of early modern political thought. In contrast to this orthodox view, I maintain that this early modern theory serves as one of the foundations of his political philosophy. This essay contends that Tocqueville's Memoir on Pauperism proves that he has an anthropology that is heavily indebted to state of nature theory, particularly Rousseau's. Moreover, key sections of Democracy in America, read in light of the Memoir on Pauperism, reveal that state of nature theory is operative in Tocqueville's new political science. Finally, The Old Regime and the Revolution explains why Tocqueville was a moderate state of nature thinker. By unearthing this hitherto unnoticed foundation, I hope to challenge scholars to reexamine the enduring importance of Tocqueville's innovative liberalism.

Managing relationships on social media in business-to-business organisations

Social media (SM) constitutes a valuable source of market intelligence, characterised by great ease and efficiency of interactions between networked partners, and by facilitation of individual expressions of self and brand engagement. Thus, SM can enable interaction, collaboration, and networking, thereby strengthening the relationships between actors within networks. Nonetheless, research into B2B organisations ́ usage of SM for relationship management remains limited, fragmented and lacking strategic direction. To expand the current state of theory, we draw upon twelve case studies of SM management concerning tactics for acquiring new and potential relationships, building a reputation online, and engaging with business partners. Results show four distinct engagement strategies that organisations tend to employ when implementing SM marketing strategies. The four strategies provide an insight into current approaches to SM marketing within B2B organisations, and how organisations are structuring themselves and managing their resources to respond to this opportunity.

The state of theory in elder family financial exploitation: A systematic review

AbstractCalls to address theoretical gaps in elder abuse as a field have been made over time. In this systematic review, the state of theory in elder family financial exploitation (EFFE), one of the most prevalent types of elder abuse, is examined. A synthesis of the scope and use of theories and constructs in 15 identified peer‐reviewed EFFE empirical articles published between 1990 and 2019 confirms a field in its infancy. Findings identified theoretical gaps in almost half of the studies utilizing a grand or middle‐range theory (8 of 15)—four focused on culture as a single concept, and three did not mention theory or constructs. Five interdisciplinary theoretical lenses have been used to examine EFFE, offering little depth and breadth in any one theory. To move EFFE forward theoretically, we discuss building on identified theories, integrating culture as a concept, and adding a focus on family systems using relevant family‐focused theories.

On the importance of theory and contagion

As Theory & Psychology has reached its 30th anniversary I reflect on the state of the discipline and the state of theory. I argue that we need good theory (in its broadest sense) more than ever, not only because of its role in psychology’s critical wing but also because of the requirement to continually regenerate theory if it is to be useful and responsive to lives as lived. Theory in a broad sense continues to grapple with questions of ways of being that are grounded in historical and material realities. This is especially true for new indigenous and postcolonial psychologies and their attempt to reconfigure the science of psychology.

Investigation of the deformation of elastic rods under thermomechanical loading

This article aims to provide information on ongoing research with coverage of preliminary results. Analysis of the state of the rods theory is one of the intensively developing parts of mechanics since the second half of the XIX-th century. Soviet scientists made a significant contribution to the development of rods theory and applied calculation methods. Based on these methods, a number of practically important problems have been solved. The works were mainly related to the theory of elastic rods. From the analysis of the work performed, we proposed a solution to the deformation of elastic rods under thermomechanical loading in a nonlinear formulation from the standpoint of modern systems of numerical analysis. The purpose of this article is to develop the methods for calculating nonlinear problems of the deformation of rods under thermomechanical loading using modern problemsolving systems. The solution of the nonlinear problem in the general setting is extremely hard. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a methodology that takes into account the features of deformation and will be available to specialists when designing the elements of engineering and building of rod structures.