Suspended State Research Articles

“That hateful limit”: Narrative distancing and Palestinian subjectivity in the post-sumud fiction of Adania Shibli

ABSTRACT This article argues that Adania Shibli’s fiction explores the limits of individual and collective Palestinian subjectivity in order to emphasize a profound sense of estrangement from representational systems, which strikes at the heart of the redemptive function of postcolonial literature. Through concerted acts of narrative distancing in her novellas, Touch, We Are All Equally Far from Love, and Minor Detail, Shibli pushes the reader into a suspended state of jarring alienation, which results in a foregrounding of tensions between empathy and the ethics of representation. In doing so, these works of fiction become performative of a Palestinian identity that has been evacuated by the processes of postmemory in addition to continued erasure as a result of an ongoing state of coloniality and present-day injustices. The article concludes that Shibli’s fiction hails a new era of Palestinian literature, a post-sumud (steadfastness) sensibility, which is marked by unbearable fragmentation, futility, and melancholic despair.

MBR반응조내의 수리학적 거동이 막여과에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of hydraulic behavior on membrane fouling and filtration in an aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR). Aeration as hydraulic behavior parameter is required in an aerobic MBRs for providing dissolved oxygen (DO) to microbes, making the sludge flocs in a suspended state and mitigating membrane fouling. Membrane stirring-cell (effective volume of 500 mL) was used as an aerobic MBR which was filled with real mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS, <7000 mg/L) taken from real activated sludge tank. When applying stirring rate (<600 rpm) for MBR, a high stirring rate and low MLSS concentration have achieved a relative low TMP build-up. Permeate flux of membrane decreased with the increase of MLSS concentration, whereas it increased with the increase of stirring rate. This indicates that a high hydraulic shear force on the surface of membrane due to rapid stirring rate results in the mitigation of membrane fouling due to detachment of particulate and dissolved organic matter generated from sludge. The above results indicate that a suitable hydraulic shear force and MLSS level in an aerobic MBR should be considered to be cost-effective operation of an aerobic MBR due to the mitigation of membrane fouling.

Ah Bartleby! Study, learning, and pedagogy in Occupy Wall Street

On October 26, 2011, a post appeared on the Occupy Wall Street Library blog titled “I would prefer not to.” The constant refrain of Herman Melville’s Bartleby, the Scrivener became one of Occupy’s defining mottos, appearing on placards, T-shirts, and tote bags. The phrase became so symbolic that it was used on the posters promoting the general strike called for May 2012. Bartleby’s mode of passive resistance has been theorized extensively. His appropriation by OWS has been the source of much theorizing too. What I want to do in this paper is use Bartleby as a useful analogy for exploring the educational logic of Occupy Wall Street. While some read a dangerous and threatening “Bartlebyan inscrutability” into OWS’s various refusals (the refusal to issue demands, to address questions of political ontology, to specify conditions of success), I argue instead that the performativity of Bartleby’s refusal helps cast light on the need for pedagogical intervention in moments and movements of utopian rupture. The very indeterminacy of study as a mode of educational being within OWS—of “preferring not to” actualize potential, adopt a political subjectivity, elucidate any determinate ends—created a vacuum that precluded the movement from learning from itself. The oscillating state of permanent suspension, in which the utopian possibilities contained within the movement were held im-potential, led to paralysis and neglect. In contrast to the “weak” utopianism ascribed to OWS by Tyson Lewis, I conclude the paper by calling for a “strong” utopianism conceived as a collective endeavor and iterative process but one within which pedagogical organization plays a crucial facilitating role.

Effect of pH and electrolyte concentration on sol–gel state of semi-dilute aqueous cellulose nanofiber suspension: an interpretation based on angle-dependent DLVO theory

Effect of pH and electrolyte concentration on sol–gel state of semi-dilute aqueous cellulose nanofiber suspension: an interpretation based on angle-dependent DLVO theory

Abstract 2392: Adapted tumor suspension cells rewire metabolic pathways for anchorage independent survival

Abstract Metastatic spread of cancer cells is the main cause of cancer-related death. As cancer cells adapt themselves in a suspended state in the blood stream before penetration and regrowth at distal tissues, understanding their survival strategy in an anchorage-independent condition is important to develop appropriate therapeutics. We have previously generated adapted suspension cells (ASCs) from parental adherent cancer cells to study the characteristics of circulating tumor cells. In this study, we explored metabolic rewiring in MDA-MB-468 ASCs to adapt to suspension growth conditions through extracellular flux analyses and various metabolic assays. We also determined the relationship between protein kinase B (AKT) activation and metabolic rewiring in ASCs using the AKT inhibitor, MK2206. ASCs reprogramed metabolism to enhance glycolysis and basal oxygen consumption rate. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed the upregulation in the genes related to glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. The changes in the metabolic program led to a remarkable dependency of ASCs on carbohydrates as an energy source for proliferation as compared to parental adherent cells (ADs). AKT activation was observed in ASCs and those generated from pancreatic and other breast cancer cells, and AKT activation inhibition in ASCs decreased glycolysis and oxygen consumption. AKT activation is an important strategy for obtaining energy through the enhancement of glycolysis in ASCs. The regulation of AKT activity and/or glycolysis may provide a new therapeutic strategy to prevent the metastatic spread of cancer cells. Citation Format: Young Yang, Hyun Jeong Ju. Adapted tumor suspension cells rewire metabolic pathways for anchorage independent survival [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2392.

Hope and fear in the experience of suspense

ABSTRACT The topic of mixed emotions has received considerable attention in recent years. However, two limitations in this research are the lack of (a) theoretical prediction regarding the types of conditions likely to cause one emotion to yield to another, and (b) attention given to the moment-to-moment (MTM) experience of mixed emotions. Using the empirical context of competitive contests, the mixed emotions state of suspense was manipulated in a series of studies designed to address these shortcomings. The results indicate that the most appropriate emotion pair to describe suspense is hope and fear. In addition, we find that the juxtaposition of these two emotions over the temporal sequence relies on viewers’ interpretation of observed events relative to a preferred outcome. The results indicate a prevalence of bipolarity between hope and fear at lower levels of suspense and bivariance at higher levels. Given a high-suspense episode, both hope and fear are activated; whereas when suspense is low, hope (fear) is ascendant and fear (hope) declines when it becomes obvious a preferred competitor will ultimately win (lose).

Device for water treatment and water purification

The article is devoted to the problems of water purification and organization of water treatment for engineering systems. Well-known methods of water treatment, such as mechanical, electrophysical, chemical, are not always able to ensure the quality of water in heat supply systems. Modern trends in the development of industry are aimed at the modernization of technological equipment in terms of the implementation of new progressive technologies. For the efficient operation of water heaters and to reduce heat losses in the heating and water supply system of the building, it is necessary to minimize scale deposits on the inner surface of the pipes. The article describes the principle of operation of an energy-combined liquid treatment device that can intensify the process of activation, disinfection and water purification. It is possible to improve the water quality by using a combined system that includes the effect of a high-voltage discharge pulse, cavitation and a magnetic field. Exposure to the liquid by a discharge pulse leads to the death of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as to ensure the emancipation of impurity ingredients. During magnetic treatment, the calcium, silicon and magnesium ions dissolved in water lose their ability to salt formation, and the impurities in the water are present in a suspended state. The magnetic field combines the suspensions contained in the water, the process of coagulation of impurity inclusions is observed, which after processing do not settle on the surfaces of pipelines, heat exchangers and other equipment. It is worth noting the high efficiency in cleaning and filtering various particles of polluting impurities, despite the fact that in most cases these impurities consist of completely non-magnetic materials. The use of the proposed method is of great interest in obtaining water of a high degree of purification for the chemical, microbiological and electronic industries.&#x0D;

Leaning in or falling over? Epistemological liminality and the knowledges that make a market

ABSTRACT This article describes the experiences of two market studies scholars who became involved in an Applied Research Centre aimed at developing a societally valuable market in digital health – an experience that ended in failure. We introduce the concept of epistemological liminality as a theoretical tool to problematise our own positionality as ‘market experts’ in this failed academic-industry-government collaboration around a concerned market. Liminality involved entering a transitional space–time in which our academic knowledge as market studies scholars was suspended, but where we failed to successfully move into a new epistemic space of ‘applied market studies’. This state of suspension – and frustration – is a cautionary tale for the difficulties of linking different (and often contradictory) epistemic communities that meet in applied research. We stop short of providing a moral to this market (non)performance tale, but we do highlight the need for openness and debate on the knowledges that come together to make a market in such collaborations.

Nanomechanical characterization of exosomes and concomitant nanoparticles from blood plasma by PeakForce AFM in liquid

BackgroundTo date, EVs characterization techniques are extremely diverse. The contribution of AFM, in particular, is often confined to size distribution. While AFM provides a unique possibility to carry out measurements in situ, nanomechanical characterization of EVs is still missing. MethodsBlood plasma EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation, analyzed by flow cytometry and NTA. Followed by cryo-EM, we applied PeakForce AFM to assess morphological and nanomechanical properties of EVs in liquid. ResultsNanoparticles were subdivided by their size estimated for their suspended state into sub-sets of small S1-EVs (< 30 nm), S2-EVs (30–50 nm), and sub-set of large ones L-EVs (50–170 nm). Non-membranous S1-EVs were distinguished by higher Young's modulus (10.33(7.36;15.25) MPa) and were less deformed by AFM tip (3.6(2.8;4.4) nm) compared to membrane exosomes S2-EVs (6.25(4.52;8.24) MPa and 4.8(4.3;5.9) nm). L-EVs were identified as large membrane exosomes, heterogeneous by their nanomechanical properties (22.43(8.26;53.11) MPa and 3.57(2.07;7.89) nm). Nanomechanical mapping revealed a few non-deformed L-EVs, of which Young's modulus rose up to 300 MPa. Taken together with cryo-EM, these results lead us to the suggestion that two or more vesicles could be contained inside a large one being a multilayer vesicle. ConclusionsWe identified particles similar in morphology and showed differences in nanomechanical properties that could be attributed to the features of their inner structure. General significanceOur results further elucidate the identification of EVs and concomitant nanoparticles based on their nanomechanical properties.

Разработка технологии комплексной переработки шлаков Златоустовского металлургического завода

Introduction. Currently, many metallurgical companies in Russia are experiencing difficulties with the supply of raw materials. One of the solutions to this problem is the involvement in the reuse of secondary resources that are formed in metallurgical processing. So there are more than 15 million tons of them on the territory of Zlatoust steel Mill. The development of metallurgical slag processing technology will partially solve the problem of the company’s own raw material base. Methodology. To develop an effective technology for complex processing of metallurgical slags of Zlatoust steel Mill four samples were taken from various sections of slag dumps. Research results and discussion. The work studied the chemical and mineralogical composition of samples, conducted studies on the enrichment of slags. To study the enrichment of metallurgical slags by the magnetic enrichment method, studies have been carried out, including separation of material with a size of -100 +40 mm on a drum separator and material with a size of -40+0 mm on a separator in a suspended state. The results show that products made of a material with a size of -100+40 mm meet the requirements for direct use in blast furnace production. and products obtained from a size class of -40+0 mm meet the requirements of agglomeration production. The chemical analysis of the obtained products after magnetic separation in a suspended state indicates significant nickel content in the magnetic separation tails of the sample with a size of -40+0 mm. The study of the microstructure of the sample showed that the size of nickel inclusions is on average 1 mm. In this work studies have been carried out on the grinding of tails to a size of less than 1 mm and enrichment on gravity apparatuses. Studies comparing the results of metallurgical slag enrichment on a concentration table and a centrifugal concentrator have shown significantly higher efficiency of slag separation on a centrifugal concentrator. Conclusions. The obtained results on the enrichment of metallurgical slags ofZlatoust steel Mill allows us to recommend a comprehensive processing technology. As a result of enrichment the following products are obtained: magnetic product 1 with a mass fraction of iron 88.4% when extracting 35.2%. magnetic product 2 with a mass fraction of iron 42.7% when extracting 12.4% and nickel-containing concentrate with a mass fraction of nickel 4.85% when extracting 67.9%.

Stress Analysis of the Effect of Additional Load on the Butt Weld of Suspended Pipeline With Variable Wall Thickness

Under the special geological environment of the buried pipe, the ground is lost at the bottom of the pipe, which is created by various kinds of external factors. The pipe in the suspended state would be greatly deformed due to its own weight, internal pressure, and other factors, resulting in the failure of the pipeline. When a variable wall thickness weld occurs in the suspended section of the pipeline, the change of the pipeline stress will be more complicated and changeable. In this study, ABAQUS software is used to establish a pipe–soil model of variable wall thickness butt welds of suspended pipelines. The axial stress distribution with different affected factors in the pipe, the change of curvature, and Mises stress change of the entire pipe along the axial direction are obtained by analyzing the internal pressure, wall thickness ratio, suspended length, weld position, and cone length. The results show that the stress at the root of the weld changes significantly; therefore, the weld has a greater impact on the stress of the entire pipeline. The change of internal pressure has little effect on the stress at the pipe weld. As the suspended length increases, the change in stress at the weld is more obvious. When the weld seam is close to the soil, the support of the soil will gradually shift the maximum stress position of the pipe from the top of the pipe to the bottom of the pipe. With the increase in cone length, it will reduce the sudden change of pipe section and the change in stress effectively. The places where the curvature greatly changes along the axial direction are at the pipe–soil separation and the middle of the pipeline, while the stress reaches the maximum at the pipe–soil separation, and the place with the largest stress change is the weld in the middle of the pipeline.

DETERMINATION OF RATIONAL PARAMETERS OF PSEUDOMIXING BY COMPLEX MODELLING OF WORK PROCESSES

The area of improving the quality of the formation of mixtures upon mixing in the food industry is relevant since the improvement of technology and equipment for processing components by various methods, nature, and degree of influence is practically achievable for their improvement. The purpose of this study was to improve the design parameters and increase the efficiency of the mixer by creating conditions that will ensure the optimisation of the dissolution kinetics of a dispersed mixture of flour and liquid components during their pseudo-mixing in a suspended state. This study considered the properties of raw materials based on methods for determining their quality, laboratory methods and tools for conducting research were proposed with the established planning methodology with analysis of the results obtained, and the Flow Vision software package was used in plotting based on the laws of thermodynamics. The experimental data set was processed using a mathematical description of the process of forming the liquid flow and the dispersed flow of flour particles. The study used an incomplete multivariate model of the approximation of the experimental data of the function of three variables in the form of polynomials according to the three-level Box-Behnken plan with 13 experiments performed in 5-fold repetition. Periodic mixers were analysed, and the redistribution and transformation of deformations under optimal mixing modes was considered. The interaction of components and their flow dynamics while minimising energy consumption was established. The authors determined the influence of fluidisation and vibration during the dosing period of the components on the intensification of the interaction of the dispersed phase according to the principle of discrete-pulse energy input, which creates rapid changes in the movement of the components. The functional dependence of the uniformity of the formation of bubbles of the medium on three factors υt=f(h, V, υс) was obtained with the verification of the homogeneity of dispersions, the adequacy of the obtained functional dependence and the search for its optimum. The materials considered in this paper represent the practical value of the effective process of uniform distribution of recipe components in the working chamber of the mixer design under study, with the creation of favourable conditions for the formation of the foam structure

Enhanced germline stem cell longevity in Drosophila diapause

In many species including humans, aging reduces female fertility. Intriguingly, some animals preserve fertility longer under specific environmental conditions. For example, at low temperature and short day-length, Drosophila melanogaster enters a state called adult reproductive diapause. As in other stressful conditions, ovarian development arrests at the yolk uptake checkpoint; however, mechanisms underlying fertility preservation and post-diapause recovery are largely unknown. Here, we report that diapause causes more complete arrest than other stresses yet preserves greater recovery potential. During dormancy, germline stem cells (GSCs) incur DNA damage, activate p53 and Chk2, and divide less. Despite reduced niche signaling, germline precursor cells do not differentiate. GSCs adopt an atypical, suspended state connected to their daughters. Post-diapause recovery of niche signaling and resumption of division contribute to restoring GSCs. Mimicking one feature of quiescence, reduced juvenile hormone production, enhanced GSC longevity in non-diapausing flies. Thus, diapause mechanisms provide approaches to GSC longevity enhancement.

Contemporary Women's Post-Apocalyptic Fiction

Contemporary Women's Post-Apocalyptic Fiction

Rheological analysis of physical states of cellulose nanocrystal suspension and synergetic effect of aligned gel state

The viscoelastic behavior of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in highly concentrated suspension was studied using various rheological tools. As the concentration increased, the physical state of CNC suspension changed from an isotropic phase to an aligned gel state via a cholesteric phase. The physical network originating from hydrogen bond and van der Waals forces gave the suspension elastic and solid-like features. With large shear deformation, the CNC became aligned after network destruction. The aligned gel was not easily relaxed or destroyed by shear deformation or time. The aligned gel state of CNCs provides a better chance for a robust structure of films or composites.

Influence of circumferential annular grooving design of impeller on suspended fluid force of axial flow blood pump.

Aiming at insufficient suspension force on the impeller when the hydraulic suspension axial flow blood pump is start at low speed, the impeller suspension stability is poor, and can't quickly enter the suspended working state. By establishing the mathematical model of the suspension force on the impeller, then the influence of the circumferential groove depth of the impeller on the suspension force is analyzed, and the annular groove depth on the impeller blade in the direction of fluid inlet and outlet was determined as (0.26, 0.02 mm). When the blood pump starts, there is an eccentricity between the impeller and the pump tube, the relationship between the suspension force and the speed of the impeller under different eccentricities is analyzed. Combined with the prototype experiment, the circumferential annular grooving design of the impeller can make the blood pump rotate at about 3500 rpm into the suspension state, when the impeller is at 8000 rpm, the impeller can basically achieve stable suspension at the eccentricity of 0.1 mm in the gravity direction, indicating that the reasonable circumferential annular grooving design of the impeller can effectively improve the suspension hydraulic force of the impeller and improve the stability of the hydraulic suspension axial flow blood pump.

Shear stress regulates the migration of suspended breast cancer cells by nuclear lamina protein A/C and large tumor suppressor through yes-associated protein.

Breast cancer is life threatening among women because its migration by hematogenous metastasis, where, besides biochemical cues, breast circulating tumor cells (CTCs) expose to suspension state and shear stress. However, the combined effects of these mechanical factors on CTCs migration were unclear. Here, suspension state and shear stress were loaded to breast tumor cells (BTCs) to mimic two mechanical cues in the mechanical environment of breast CTCs and the mechanobiological mechanism of suspension state and shear stress regulating the migration of (BTCs) was investigated. The migration and nuclear lamina protein A/C (Lamin A/C) accumulation were enhanced in MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 BTCs exposed to shear stress though lower than that of suspended cells with different yes-associated protein (YAP) subcellular localization. Knockdown of LMNA downregulated and upregulated YAP targets in suspended BTCs and BTCs exposed to shear stress, respectively, which inhibited MDA-MB-231 BTCs migration in vitro and in vivo. Large tumor suppressor (LATS) responded to suspension state and shear stress, knockdown of which decreased the migration of MDA-MB-231 BTCs. These findings uncover the mechanobiological mechanism that suspension state and shear stress antagonistically promote BTCs migration by Lamin A/C and LATS through YAP and the potential for targeting YAP in CTCs prognosis. Shear stress regulates suspended breast cancer cells migration by Lamin A/C and LATS through YAP.

Epithelial cells fluidize upon adhesion but display mechanical homeostasis in the adherent state

Atomic force microscopy is used to study the viscoelastic properties of epithelial cells in three different states. Force relaxation data are acquired from cells in suspension, adhered but single cells, and polarized cells in a confluent monolayer using different indenter geometries comprising flat bars, pyramidal cones, and spheres. We found that the fluidity of cells increased substantially from the suspended to the adherent state. Along this line, the prestress of suspended cells generated by cortical contractility is also greater than that of cells adhering to a surface. Polarized cells that are part of a confluent monolayer form an apical cap that is soft and fluid enough to respond rapidly to mechanical challenges from wounding, changes in the extracellular matrix, osmotic stress, and external deformation. In contrast to adherent cells, cells in the suspended state show a pronounced dependence of fluidity on the external areal strain. With increasing areal strain, the suspended cells become softer and more fluid. We interpret the results in terms of cytoskeletal remodeling that softens cells in the adherent state to facilitate adhesion and spreading by relieving internal active stress. However, once the cells spread on the surface they maintain their mechanical phenotype displaying viscoelastic homeostasis.

Computational prediction of the just-suspended speed, Njs, in stirred vessels using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) coupled with a novel mathematical approach

The determination of the minimum agitation speed, Njs, to achieve the just-suspended off-bottom solid suspension state in liquids in stirred vessels is an issue of significant importance in industrial processes. Here, Njs was computationally predicted for a stirred, fully baffled vessel provided with different axial or radial impellers using an LBM-based CFD model coupled with a novel method to extract Njs from the computational results. Accordingly, the number of solid particles in a very thin control volume near the bottom of the vessel were computationally predicted over a range of agitation speeds, N, to determine the mass fraction of suspended solids, Xm. A regression analysis based on the logistic equation was then applied to the Xm-N curves and a simple, derivative-based mathematical method was applied to predict Njs. The results obtained with this novel computational approach were found to be in good agreement with previous experimental data.

Влияние различных факторов на чувствительность магнитопорошкового контроля

The magnetic powder method occupies one of the leading positions in the system of non-destructive quality control of materials. Approximately 80% of the controlled ferromagnetic products are controlled by the magnetic powder control method. The high sensitivity of the control method, its versatility, relatively low labor intensity of control, and the visibility of the results ensured that the method was widely used in industry. The main factors, characteristics and parameters of magnetic powder suspensions affecting the sensitivity of magnetic powder control are considered. A comparative analysis of the sensitivity of experimental suspensions in terms of the effectiveness of detecting artificial surface and subsurface defects of the MO-1 control sample was carried out. The qualitative efficacy of magnetic powders of the "Diagma" and "Crocus" type as a basis for the manufacture of the suspensions is clearly demonstrated, and the effect of autocoagulation on the sensitivity and reliability of the results of magnetic powder control is shown on the example of "Diagma-1100" and "Diagma-1200" powders. The verification of the effectiveness of the suspensions based on ferromagnetic particles γ-Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ in suspended state did not show their qualitative advantages in comparison with the other experimental suspensions. The further direction of the development of this work is to check the operability of experimental magnetic suspensions γ-Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ that are not in a suspended state. It is suggested that this state of magnetic suspensions γ-Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ negatively affects the attraction of magnetic particles by inhomogeneous magnetic fields, and also does not allow a clear indication pattern to form over the defects. In addition, the task of selecting the optimal concentration of magnetic particles in the finished magnetic suspension, in which a high degree of sensitivity to defects will be achieved with the minimum possible consumption of materials included in the magnetic suspension, can be considered as the next stage of the research. English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/influence-of-various-factors-on-the-sensitivity-of-magnetic-particle-inspection/77764.html