Orissa State Research Articles

193P - Metastatic carcinoma gall bladder: A clinicoepidemiological profile of Indian patients

BackgroundMetastatic carcinoma of Gallbladder is a notoriously lethal malignancy and its treatment remains an enigma for the patient as well as for the treating oncologist. In India, it is most prevalent in the northern and north eastern states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal and Assam. We have reported here clinicoepidemiological profile of 142 patients having metastatic carcinoma of gall bladder. MethodsThe study comprised 142 GBC cases referred to the tertiary care centre in Kolkata, India during 2017-19. Detailed history and clinical examination followed by requisite investigations were done for the patients and were treated as per the existent guidelines. ResultsOut of 142 patients 116 (81.6%) were females while 26 (18.4%) were males. The mean age for females was 58 while for male 46 years. Total 18 (12.6%) patients had presented in poor general condition and were managed with best supportive care. The commonest presentations were abdominal pain (81%), weight loss (72%), obstructive jaundice (30%), ascites (27%) and anorexia (21%). The commonest site of metastasis were liver (87%), Ascites (30%), retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy (28%) and left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy (17%). Rare sites of metastasis were lung, brain and skeletal deposits. ConclusionsOur study provided a clinicoepidemiological profile of patients having metastatic carcinoma gall bladder in North east India for the first time. Most of our patients presented or had history of gall bladder stone. We have tried to study various risk factors associated with the disease. Unfortunately a significant number of patients presents very late in our setting and due to non availability of effective chemotherapy or targeted therapy mortality remains very high. As the incidence of this malignancy is increasing it is the need of the hour to study various therapies for effective management of this malignancy. Legal entity responsible for the studyThe author. FundingHas not received any funding. DisclosureThe author has declared no conflicts of interest.

Diseases of Major Bulbous Vegetable Crops and Their Management

Onion and garlic are the major bulbous vegetable crops grown throughout the world. They are commercially used in the form of spice, vegetable or medicine. India ranks second in world production of both onion and garlic. These are mostly grown in states of Maharastra, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Gujrat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir and Karnataka. These bulbous crops are attacked by various pests and diseases at different growth stages causing considerable losses in yield, besides reducing the export potential. The continuous use of chemicals and pesticides pose severe threats to both environment and mankind, besides enhancing insect resistance to chemicals. It also disturbs microbial diversity which is an essential part of an ecosystem. This has created a new dimension in research for biological control and integrated approach for insect pest and disease control. Essential diseases and pests affecting major bulbous vegetable crops and their management are summarised in this manuscript.

New record of mangrove lichens from Andhra Pradesh and Orissa states of India

New record of mangrove lichens from Andhra Pradesh and Orissa states of India

Particulate Matter Assessment Using In Situ Observations from 2009 to 2014 over an Industrial Region of Eastern India

The present study discusses the ambient air quality of an East Indian industrial region. The 8 hourly average concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) for the period January 2009–December 2014 was analyzed at two industrial sites: Rourkela Township and Rajgangpur; and a residential site in the vicinity of industrial sites, i.e., Sonaparbat situated in Sundergarh District of Orissa State, India. The study area holds one of the biggest steel plants in India, cement factory and many medium- and small-scale industries in its surrounding area. To understand the contribution of the fine mode (PM2.5—also called RSPM) and inhalable coarse particles (PM10—also called SPM) to the particulate matter pollution, the ratio of PM2.5/PM10 is considered over the industrial and residential sites. Sonaparbat is loaded with more PM10 (particles concentration > 250 µg/m3) and dominance of PM2.5 was noticed during the years 2013 and 2014 compared to Rourkela and Rajgangpur. To detect the presence of specific emission sources that enhance the pollution over receptor sites, the conditional probability function and conditional bivariate probability function techniques are employed in the present study. Concentration weighted trajectory analysis using the 2-day back trajectory (by HYSPLIT-4 model) is also employed in the present study to discover the impact of transboundary pollution. Calm and weak wind speeds (< 1.5 ms−1) are noticed over the study area, thereby indicating the pollution due to local sources present in and around the city. Rourkela Steel Plant, Orissa Cements Limited (OCL), OCL Iron and Steel along with vehicular exhaust are some of the major local sources situated within the vicinity of 5 km in the study area. The results show that pollution levels have a significant contribution from adjacent industrial areas apart from local emission sources, especially in the northwesterly and southeasterly directions. Further, an attempt has been made to investigate the dispersion of pollutants from the study site to the nearby regions during the study period by employing the 48-h seasonal forward trajectory analysis using the HYSPLIT-4 model.

Spatial analysis of Fire Characterization along with various gradients of Season, Administrative units, Vegetation, Socio economy, Topography and Future climate change: A case study of Orissa state of India

Fire events are an increasing phenomenon these days due to the climate change. It is responsible for forest degradation and habitat destruction. Changes in ecosystem processes are also noticed. The livelihood of tribal population is also threatened. Geospatial technologies along with Remotely Sensed data have enormous capability to evaluate the various diversified datasets and to examine their relationship. In this analysis, we have utilized the long term fire events at district level for the Orissa state ofIndiaand forest fire hotspots were identified. The fire pattern was analyzed with respect to the existing vegetation types, tribal population and topography to understand its association/relationship. Furthermore, it was evaluated with future climate change data for better comprehension of future forest fire scenario. The study reveals that Kandhamal, Raygada and Kalahandi district have highest fire frequency representing around 38% of the total Orissa fire events. The vegetation type “Tropical mixed deciduous and dry deciduous forests” and “Tropical lowland forests, broadleaved, evergreen, <1000m” occupy the geographical area roughly 43% whereas they retain fire percent equivalent to 70%. Approximately 70% of forest fire occurred in the area where tribal population was high to very high. The 60% of forest fire occurred where elevation was greater than500 meterswhereas 48% of fire occurred on moderate slopes. Our observation of future climate change scenario for the year 2030 reflects the increase in summer temperature and irregular rainfall pattern. Therefore, forest fire intensity will be more in future in the state of Orissa whereas it’s intensity will be more severe in few of the district such as Kandhamal, Raygada, Kalahandi and Koraput which have significantly high forest fire events in present scenario. The outcomes of the present study would certainly guide the policymakers to prepare more effective plan to protect the forest which is main source of livelihood to the tribal population keeping in mind of future climate change impact for prioritization of various districts of state of Orissa suffering from forest fires.

A geospatial analysis of climate variability and its impact on forest fire: a case study in Orissa state of India

The dynamic changes of forest fire events are due to the swing of climate parameter. Geospatial technology has strong capability to analyze various thematic datasets towards visualization of spatial/temporal pattern and plays a vital role in fire management efforts. This paper aims to analyze the climate and forest fire trend using Geospatial technology in the state of Orissa of India. The 84.5% of forest fire events are observed in the month of March and April and it is significantly high in the south of Kandhamal, east of Kalahandi, north of Rayagada and north of Gajapati district. The parameters which favour the forest fire events in the month of March onwards were observed. The Maximum temperature is showing an increasing trend from February to June whereas the increase is significantly high during March and April. The solar radiation increased to 144% in the month of March when compared with preceding month whereas relative humidity was decreased to 64% in the same month. The evaluation of Cramer V coefficient values of minimum temperature, solar radiation, maximum temperature and relative humidity are found to be 0.302, 0.327, 0.366 and 0.482 respectively. The relative humidity shows strong relationship with fire events. Such data analysis would help in safeguarding the forest.

Simulating climate change and socio-economic change impacts on flows and water quality in the Mahanadi River system, India

Delta systems formed by the deposition of sediments at the mouths of large catchments are vulnerable to sea level rise and other climate change impacts. Deltas often have some of the highest population densities in the world and the Mahanadi Delta in India is one of these, with a population of 39 million. The Mahanadi River is a major river in East Central India and flows through Chattisgarh and Orissa states before discharging into the Bay of Bengal. This study uses an Integrated Catchment Model (INCA) to simulate flow dynamics and water quality (nitrogen and phosphorus) and to analyze the impacts of climate change and socio-economic drivers in the Mahanadi River system. Future flows affected by large population growth, effluent discharge increases and changes in irrigation water demand from changing land uses are assessed under shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs). Model results indicate a significant increase in monsoon flows under the future climates at 2050s (2041–2060) and 2090s (2079–2098) which greatly enhances flood potential. The water availability under low flow conditions will be worsened because of increased water demand from population growth and increased irrigation in the future. Decreased concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus are expected due to increased flow hence dilution. Socio-economic scenarios have a significant impact on water quality but less impact on the river flow. For example, higher population growth, increased sewage treatment discharges, land use change and enhanced atmospheric deposition would result in the deterioration of water quality, while the upgrade of the sewage treatment works lead to improved water quality. In summary, socio-economic scenarios would change future water quality of the Mahanadi River and alter nutrient fluxes transported into the delta region. This study has serious implications for people's livelihoods in the deltaic area and could impact coastal and Bay of Bengal water ecology.

ECOLOGY OF SOME MARINE LAGOONS ALONG THE EAST-COAST OF INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MANAGEMENT AND UTILISATION OF THEIR RESOURCES

The marine lagoons along the east coast of India such as the Chilka-lake in Orissa State, the Pulicat and the Ennore lakes near Madras, Silvatturai lagoon in Tuticorin, and the Mandapam lagoon in Ramanathapuram are shallow, vast sheets of saline water whose physical and chemical characteristics are quite different from the backwaters of the west coast and constitute distinct categories of biological environment. The main characteristic feature of these lagoons is that they are connected to the sea by a narrow mouth which is closed by a sand bar for varying periods of the year. One or more seasonal rivers open into some of these lagoons and flood them during the monsoon. The land run-off during monsoon is the only source of freshwater for others. The bar-mouth connection with the sea is opened by the thrust of the flood waters aided in some cases by human effort. This opening operates for a few months between November — December and June - July or throughout during some years following heavy monsoon. The closure occurs by general silting and formation of a sand bar.

(Religious Polarity of Bhuinya Tribals in Globalization: Balishankara Block (Orissa State)-with Special Reference to India)

(Religious Polarity of Bhuinya Tribals in Globalization: Balishankara Block (Orissa State)-with Special Reference to India)

The Legal Regime and Political Economy of Land Rights of Scheduled Tribes in Scheduled Areas of India

India holds the unique distinction of being both the world's largest constitutional democracy and also one of its fastest growing economies. Critical to the process of India's economic development is state acquisition of land for infrastructure and industrial development. Creating a legal framework that ensures equitable and efficient acquisition of land by the state, through processes that are socially inclusive and politically feasible, has proved challenging. While the Indian Constitution guarantees property rights to all, it enshrines special protections for land rights of ‘Scheduled Tribes’, vis-a-vis the state and other communities, in geographically demarcated tribal majority areas known as ‘Scheduled Areas’ under the Fifth and Sixth Schedules of the Constitution. The currently designated Fifth Scheduled areas are in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, and Rajasthan. The currently designated Sixth Schedule areas are in the north-eastern states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram. The Scheduled Tribes (STs) or adivasis consist of a number of heterogeneous tribal groups that have historically self-identified and been identified by the British colonial and independent Indian states, as lying outside the mainstream of Hindu society, partly because of their ’distinctive culture and way of life as a group’, and partly because of their ‘geographical isolation’. Currently, there are 750 tribes in 26 states and 6 union territories of India. The Constitution guarantees special protections for land rights of Scheduled Tribes in Scheduled areas because land is not only the most important source of tribal livelihoods, but it is also central to their community identity, history and culture. Many non-Scheduled area states have also created legal protections for protecting land rights of tribals. However, despite these special protections, Scheduled Tribes remain one of the most vulnerable, most impoverished, and most displaced of all groups in India. 47.1% of all STs in rural areas are below the poverty line as compared to 33.8% for the national average, whereas 28.8% of all STs in urban areas are below the poverty line as compared to 20.9% for the national average. Inspite of being the only group with constitutional protections for their land rights, 9.4 % of STs are landless compared to 7.4% for the national average. While STs constitute only 8.6% of the total population, it is estimated that they constitute 40% of all people who have been displaced during the period 1951 to 1990, some more than once, due to the construction of dams, mines, industrial development, and the creation of wildlife parks and sanctuaries. Only 24.7% of ST population that was displaced during this period was rehabilitated. Therefore, it is clear that these groups have disproportionately borne the burden of economic development. Through a review of constitutional provisions, laws, and policies, governing the rights of Scheduled Tribes and the administration of Scheduled Areas, and the financial and administrative structures that effectuate these protections, this paper delineates a conflicting regime of protective and displacing laws, as well as conflicting policy narratives underlying these laws which facilitate the displacement of Scheduled Tribes and their corresponding landlessness. The paper also contains extensive primary data on the current mapping of Scheduled areas, and the current distribution of dams, forests, and mining activity, in the Scheduled areas.

Biological Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Indian Strains of Ralstonia solanacearum Biovars 3 and 4 Causing Bacterial Wilt of Tomato

Ralstonia solanacearum biovars 3 and 4 causing bacterial wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a devastating soil borne plant pathogen across the world. Eighty seven isolates of R. solanacearum were isolated from wilted tomato plants from Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jharkhand, Orissa states of India and characterized them by traditional and molecular methods. Biovar of R. solanacearum was determined using set of carbon sources and it showed that biovar 3 of R. solanacearum were found most prominent (90.2 per cent) in all the states of India, whereas biovar 4 was found in states of Jharkhand and Himachal Pradesh. The phylotype specific multiplex PCR assigned all 87 the isolates of R. solanacearum infecting tomato under phylotype I. To study the genetic diversity, BOX-PCR and multilocus sequence typing approaches were used. Amplification products yielded in BOX-PCR fingerprint pattern ranging from 500 bp -4 kb and found 23 DNA typing groups of 87 isolates of R. solanacearum at 50% similarity coefficient. Under multilocus sequence typing, three virulence genes viz., hrp (regulatory transcription regulation) and egl (endoglucanase precursor) and fli C genes of 18 strains of R. solanacearum belonging to different agro-climatic zones was done. Based on sequence analysis of egl gene, majority of the Indian strains of R. solanacearum were very close to each other except ORT-8, UTT-23 and JHT2 and there were very close to strain GMI1000. A lot of genetic variability was found in Indian isolates of R. solanacearum irrespective of place of isolation and climatic conditions.

The Political Economy of Aid for Power Sector Reform

Recent literature on the effectiveness of donor programmes points to the importance of understanding the political context within which reforms are taking place. A body of evidence is now emerging suggesting that programmes that are more flexible and iterative are often more successful in achieving their objectives than programmes that adopt a more rigid, linear approach to reform and recent experiments with projects that “think and work politically” appear to show promising results.The characteristics of the power sector makes reform intensely political in almost all countries and donor projects have sometimes failed because of an inability to navigate the local politics of reform. This paper reviews what is known about how donors have taken politics into account in designing and implementing power sector reform programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. It illustrates the challenges which donors have faced with reference to case studies of donor attempts to support power sector reform in Tanzania and in the Indian state of Orissa. The paper draws on documentary evidence from the major donors to the sector in each country as well as a set of qualitative interviews with experienced project supervisors. It concludes with a set of recommendations for further research designed to provide insights on how best to design and implement power sector reform programmes given the political context in which they are working.

Detecting, mapping and analysing of flood water propagation using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite data and GIS: A case study from the Kendrapara District of Orissa State of India

Due to the penetration capacity of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data through clouds and hazy atmospheric circumstances like fog, smog, light rain, mist etc., it has ability to continuous observation of flood events for producing accurate, rapid and cost effective flood mapping. A study using time series RADARSAT SAR images in flood water detection, monitoring of spatial extent and propagation of flood inundation were described and analysed in this paper. The SAR images were first calibrated, geometrically corrected and filtered. Afterward, threshold method was applied to extract the inundated areas from the SAR images. In threshold method, density slicing technique was used to separate the open water and non-water (land) areas from the images. Later, to delineate the actual flooded area, permanent water bodies (e.g. river, lake, ponds etc.) were subtracted from the open water. Flood maps were super-imposed and analysed to find out the nature of spatial extent, duration of flood and to show how flooding spread through time. This study illustrates that the SAR data along with GIS can be used effectively for flood water mapping, monitoring and analysing the propagation of flood water in a flood prone area. Therefore, the findings of this study will help to take initiative to reduce the flood hazard impact and increase the flexibility in the process of flood management.

Is there conditional convergence in the per capita incomes of BIMAROU states in India?

The stochastic income convergence hypothesis is examined for five BIMAROU (Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh) states in India for the period 1960–2012 using the univariate Narayan and Popp (2010) unit root test with two structural breaks. The per capita incomes of all BIMAROU states, except Uttar Pradesh, are found to be stochastically converging in the long run. Significant structural breaks are detected in the relative per capita income series of the BIMAROU states. Most of the breaks spotted in the relative per capita income series correspond with periods of political uncertainty and regime change in the state elections.

Phytochemical Investigations of Indigenous herb: Curcuma caesia rhizomes

Curcuma caesia is commonly known as kali haldi and it belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. This herb is available throughout in India it is found in West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, and Uttar Pradesh states. In the traditional system of medicine, fresh and dried rhizomes of Curcuma caesia Roxb are used in treating leucoderma, asthma, tumours, piles, bronchitis, bruises, etc. The aim of this study was to evaluate phytochemical constituent of Curcuma caesia Roxb rhizomes. Preliminary phytochemical studies investigated the presence of abundance of volatile oil, phenol, flavonoids, alkaloids and proteins in Curcuma caesia rhizomes. Present communication deals with the detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of the Curcuma caesia rhizomes.

The Wandering Maps in the City of Bhubaneshwar, India

In everyday life, walking is either considered as an exercise or as a necessity for conveyance. However, ‘the walk’ can create a complete new experience of the city – as Calvino describes in Invisible Cities. Walking produces space - the pedestrian city as contrasted with the city experienced in other ways. This paper seeks to describe the relationship of walking/wandering in the planned city of what Koenigsberger had imagined in Bhubaneswar in contrast to what the city now offers to a regular pedestrian. The paper will discuss walking in the city of Bhubaneswar, planned by Koenigsberger, the first post-independence capital city, in the state of Orissa. The low-scaled neighbourhood planned city was to accommodate the requirements of modern life. Out of the eleven principles that the planner believed and integrated in the plans of Bhubaneswar, one of the main concepts was to bind the city within convenient walking distances. Bhubaneswar has recently been the first in the list to be selected under the Smart City proposal in India. The method includes analysis of walking through three parameters; the street, the public square and the alternative routes within the core city. The study is a documentation for further research in drawing cartographic and mind maps for documentation of further research in the rapidly growing city to uncover its layers of growth.

Spatial and temporal variations in thunderstorm casualties over India

Thunderstorms are one of the most dangerous convective weather events. Despite the recent advances in prediction of convective storms worldwide, thousands of casualties occur annually. In the present study, the authors highlight specifically, thunderstorm‐related casualties reported in India from 1978–2012. Analysis of long‐term data have revealed about 16 308 casualties resulting from 1381 thunderstorm events with an average of 465 casualties occurring annually. The maximum number of casualties were concentrated in north‐eastern and central north‐eastern states. About 80 per cent of total casualties were recorded in West Bengal (23 per cent), Assam (20 per cent), Orissa (14 per cent), Bihar (13 per cent) and Jharkhand (8 per cent) states. The national casualties rate per million population per year and casualties density standardized by area has been found to be 0.50 and 5.07, respectively. Male casualties were found to be more prominent than female and children casualties, probably due to the larger proportion of males performing their work outdoors. The number of thunderstorm events and casualties was observed to be highest during pre‐monsoon season and lowest during winter. It is believed that the findings from this study will help policy makers to draw strategies to cope with the perils of thunderstorms.

Collating and validating indigenous and local knowledge to apply multiple knowledge systems to an environmental challenge: A case-study of pollinators in India

There is an important role for indigenous and local knowledge in a Multiple Evidence Base to make decisions about the use of biodiversity and its management. This is important both to ensure that the knowledge base is complete (comprising both scientific and local knowledge) and to facilitate participation in the decision making process. We present a novel method to gather evidence in which we used a peer-to-peer validation process among farmers that we suggest is analogous to scientific peer review.We used a case-study approach to trial the process focussing on pollinator decline in India. Pollinator decline is a critical challenge for which there is a growing evidence base, however, this is not the case world–wide. In the state of Orissa, India, there are no validated scientific studies that record historical pollinator abundance, therefore local knowledge can contribute substantially and may indeed be the principle component of the available knowledge base. Our aim was to collate and validate local knowledge in preparation for integration with scientific knowledge from other regions, for the purpose of producing a Multiple Evidence Base to develop conservation strategies for pollinators.Farmers reported that vegetable crop yields were declining in many areas of Orissa and that the abundance of important insect crop pollinators has declined sharply across the study area in the last 10–25years, particularly Apis cerana, Amegilla sp. and Xylocopa sp. Key pollinators for commonly grown crops were identified; both Apis cerana and Xylocopa sp. were ranked highly as pollinators by farmer participants. Crop yield declines were attributed to soil quality, water management, pests, climate change, overuse of chemical inputs and lack of agronomic expertise. Pollinator declines were attributed to the quantity and number of pesticides used. Farmers suggested that fewer pesticides, more natural habitat and the introduction of hives would support pollinator populations.This process of knowledge creation was supported by participants, which led to this paper being co-authored by both scientists and farmers.

El Ni\xf1o Southern Oscillation as an early warning tool for malaria outbreaks in India

BackgroundRisks of malaria epidemics in relation to El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events have been mapped and studied at global level. In India, where malaria is a major public health problem, no such effort has been undertaken that inter-relates El Niño, Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) and malaria. The present study has been undertaken to find out the relationship between ENSO events, ISMR and intra-annual variability in malaria cases in India, which in turn could help mitigate the malaria outbreaks.MethodsCorrelation coefficients among ‘rainfall index’ (ISMR), ‘+ winter ONI’ (NDJF) and ‘malaria case index’ were calculated using annual state-level data for the last 22 years. The ‘malaria case index’ representing ‘relative change from mean’ was correlated to the 4 month (November–February) average positive Oceanic Niño Index (ONI). The resultant correlations between ‘+ winter ONI’ and ‘malaria case index’ were further analysed on geographical information system platform to generate spatial correlation map.ResultsThe correlation between ‘+ winter ONI’ and ‘rainfall index’ shows that there is great disparity in effect of ENSO over ISMR distribution across the country. Correlation between ‘rainfall index’ and ‘malaria case index’ shows that malaria transmission in all geographical regions of India are not equally affected by the ISMR deficit or excess. Correlation between ‘+ winter ONI’ and ‘malaria case index’ was found ranging from −0.5 to + 0.7 (p < 0.05). A positive correlation indicates that increase in El Niño intensity (+ winter ONI) will lead to rise in total malaria cases in the concurrent year in the states of Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar, Goa, eastern parts of Madhya Pradesh, part of Andhra Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Meghalaya. Whereas, negative correlations were found in the states of Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat, part of Tamil Nadu, Manipur, Mizoram and Sikkim indicating the likelihood of outbreaks in La Nina condition.ConclusionsThe generated map, representing spatial correlation between ‘ + winter ONI’ and ‘malaria case index’, indicates positive correlations in eastern part, while negative correlations in western part of India. This study provides plausible guidelines to national programme for planning intervention measures in view of ENSO events. For better resolution, district level study with inclusion of IOD and ‘epochal variation of monsoon rainfall’ factors at micro-level is desired for better forecast of malaria outbreaks in the regions with ‘no correlation’.

Waterlogged wasteland treatment through agro-forestry: A review

India covers 147.75 mha degraded area, whereas 6.41 mha area confined to waterlogging problem in Bihar, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Kerala, Rajasthan and few other states. The transpiration principle of plants is used in bio-drainage treatment to reclaim such problematic areas sustainably. Evergreen broad leaved species recorded high transpiration rate and contribute highly in reclamation of waterlogged saline soils. Short rotation fast growing tree species like Salix, Eucalypt, Acacia, Albizia, Terminalia, Prosopis, Populuswere the suitable species for such areas. Agri-silviculture, agri-horti- silviculture, silvi-pasture, multipurpose woodlots, strip plantation and boundary plantations were widely used for reclamation of saline-waterlogged conditions of India. In agri-silviculture system, Eucalypt based agroforestry systems are widely used for reclamation of waterlogged areas as compared to other woody plant based systems. 0.84–0.86 m total drawdown of ground water in 3 years Eucalypt tree species. The vertical and horizontal root spreading of tree species is one important character for capturing and transpiration of excess water from waterlogged area. From the present investigation, longest root system was recorded from Prosopis cineraria (20-60 m) species.