State Of Institutionalization Research Articles

Institutionalization of technological innovations in the public sector of Bangladesh

After departing from the ideologies of traditional public administration, Bangladesh has experienced quite a few innovations in public administration. A practical illustration of that is the establishment of the Governance Innovation Unit under the prime minister’s office and the A2i at the ICT division, the first innovation laboratory of its kind in the world. At the same time truly remarkable are the innovations achieved with the help of technology and information in the public sector, especially for a young country such as Bangladesh. Usage of technology is hoped to reduce the rigidity of service delivery, increase effectiveness and efficiency, and also at the same decrease the travel, cost, and visit for the service recipients. Institutionalization of these innovations is vital for making the innovations replicable throughout the whole sector and also for making them sustainable. This paper aims to examine and understand the state of institutionalization of technological innovations in the public sector of Bangladesh, investigate the strategies that are helping to attain that goal, and understand the challenges to the process of institutionalization. The design of the paper is qualitative as it employs rigorous content and document analysis and also incorporates data from expert interviews. The paper concludes with the remark that; Bangladesh has a long way to go in regard to institutionalize the innovations it has been taken and a particular set of planned strategies must be taken to make the innovations sustain and embed in the organizational culture of the public sector in Bangladesh.

Institutionalization оf Financial literacy оf the Adult Population оf Russia

The relevance of the article is conditioned by the need to study institutionalization of financial literacy of the adult population, as well as to increase its level due to financial services and products emerging on the market (banking, investment, insurance, pension) and tools for their use. The novelty of this topic is associated with a systematic analysis of the institutionalization processes of financial literacy of the adult population, which makes a significant contribution to implementing national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation, and is also an important consumer of financial services. The aim of the article is a comprehensive scientific study of the institutionalization processes of financial literacy of the adult population. Techniques such as content analysis of references, verification, analysis, statistical and sociological methods (survey), crosstabulation, etc. were employed to analyze the data. Theoretical and methodological principles of institutionalization of financial literacy of the adult population were analyzed. The authors developed a conceptual model of its institutionalization. The study analyzed the state and dynamics of institutionalization of financial literacy of the adult population. The authors formulated the conclusions and recommendations on the sustainable development of institutional entities that contribute to improving the financial literacy of the adult population. The study calls for including the list of target population groups of citizens of retirement and pre-retirement age, as well as persons with disabilities, in the Strategy for Improving Financial Literacy in the Russian Federation in 2017–2023; making arrangements for financial education of the population within the national projects “Digital Economy”, “Education”, “Culture”, “Demography”; supporting the creation of electronic platforms and online panels in educational organizations for systematic financial education of various target groups of the population of the Russian Federation, etc.

INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF UKRAINIAN MIGRANTS’ ACTIVISM IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Different approaches to defining and evaluating the institutionalization of civic activism are considered. The data of original researches in which the author and colleagues conducted a survey of civically active Ukrainian youth in the EU countries were analyzed (in-depth interviews were used). Ukrainian youth activists operating in Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Poland and the Czech Republic were the respondents. Based on this study, the current state of institutionalization of Ukrainian activism in various EU countries is analyzed. It has been found that the work of migrant associations is diverse and is usually based on the enthusiasm or interest of activists, which leads to flexibility, proximity to the needs and beliefs of the communities concerned, but does not guarantee a high level of sustainability. Also, the data obtained indicates the formal recognition at the state level of the relevant organizations, which means compliance with a number of requirements of the authorities of the host country. Interaction with the state institutions and local self-government of both host country and Ukraine in the course of project activities is typical, which shows another aspect of the process of institutionalization of Ukrainian migrants’ activism. An important feature of activism is the «mobilization» approach, which is characterized by the activities of small organizations that unite a wider circle of less active supporters and mobilizes them at certain times. It is revealed that the current state of institutionalization of Ukrainian activism in the EU indicates both positive features (flexibility and compliance with the requests of communities or individuals in need of assistance; taking into account the current situation in Ukraine) and negative (dependence on the initiative of individual activists, relative unpredictability of activities as well as results).

Design emergence in Morocco as an African country: a pending institutionalization

If design management is worldwide institutionalized especially in developed economies, little is known about African design even though the continent is becoming an attractive economy thanks to his exponential growth and more political stability. Oriented toward one specific country: Morocco, this study through a questioning embedded in institutional theory brings an overview about design in a specific context. This research captures design management emergence in Morocco by spotting the light on the state of design institutionalization toward the creation of design value.

THE PROBLEM OF LEGAL REGULATION OF THE OPERATION OF THE OVER-THE-COUNTER (OTC) CURRENCY MARKET (FOREX) IN UKRAINE AND THE EU

The aim of the article is to evaluate the state of legal institutionalization of the OTC foreign exchange market in Ukraine, as well as its comparison with the foreign experience of legal regulation of OTC currency relations in Ukraine and EU countries. The subject of the study is the legal and administrative framework for the functioning of the OTC currency market (Forex) in Ukraine and in the EU countries. The methodology of the study consists of: historical and legal method, which allowed determining the preconditions for the emergence of OTC markets in Ukraine and the world and the principles of their functioning; system and structural method, which was used to analyse the world monetary system as an institutional and functional form of organization of international monetary and financial relations; a formal legal method that allowed us to comprehensively investigate a condition of regulation of the functioning of Forex in Ukraine, to identify its shortcomings, gaps, contradictions, and miscalculations, as well as to develop recommendations aimed at their elimination; a comparative and legal method that provided a deeper study of the specifics of the legal regulation of the functioning of Forex in the EU and to define ways of implementing a positive foreign experience in the national legal system. The results of the conducted legal study have shown that in Ukraine, the Forex market operates in legal vacuum conditions that negatively affect either the protection of the rights of forex clients or the amount of tax revenues to the state budget. The most acceptable way to eliminate this shortcoming is to implement the main principles and requirements of the MiFID in the national legislation. Practical impact. The research of experience of EU countries regarding the legal regulation of Forex companies activity and also regarding the creation of legal bases for implementation by the specified companies of self-regulation – it is a necessary condition of further improvement of the legal regulation of the OTC currency relations in Ukraine. Correlation/Authenticity. The mentioned directions of improvement of domestic legislation in the field of the functioning of the OTC currency market (Forex) are the most promising at the modern stage of development of the domestic economy. It is so because they are aimed at ensuring stability, reliability, and efficiency of the financial system, strengthening the guarantees of the rights of private investors, and increasing tax revenues from the activities of forex companies.

The Extent of Political Party Institutionalization in Malawi: The Case of United Democratic Front (UDF) and Malawi Congress Party (MCP)

Political parties are regarded as key institutions in the consolidation of democracy. The extent to which a political party is institutionalized is said to be a critical aspect that determines its effectiveness and the contribution it makes toward democracy. Despite this profound discovery, only a few studies have focused on assessing the institutionalization of individual political parties as opposed to those on party system institutionalization. In attempting to bridge the gap, the paper investigates the extent to which political parties in Malawi are institutionalized. The study, taking advantage of different party institutionalization models, focused on analyzing and comparing Malawi political parties in the name of United Democratic Front (UDF) and Malawi Congress Party (MCP) on dimensions of systemness, autonomy, value infusion and reification based on the Randall and Svasand (2002) party institutionalization model. The study utilized data collected through field interviews with officials at national, regional and district levels as well as data from secondary sources. The methodology entailed combined uses of qualitative and quantitative tools. The study findings indicate that political parties in Malawi are poorly institutionalized, which significantly impacts on their functioning. Whereas UDF scores slightly better than MCP on decisional autonomy, the party lags behind in systemness, value infusion and reification. Although the study attempts to portray a differentiated picture, on the whole, the results imply the parties’ limited state of institutionalization hence constrains their contribution to democratic consolidation.

The Institutionalization of the Strategic Communication Function in the United States

This article seeks to explore how the strategic communication practice has been institutionalized in organizations in the United States. Before delving into the topic of institutionalization, it seeks to gain an understanding of the definition of strategic communication. After identifying the meaning of strategic communication, we delve into a literature review to ascertain the role of communication and its current state. We also identify and propose the key indicators, which form the basis of the discussion of institutionalization through the review of relevant literature. This is done by analyzing previous discussions on organizational functions such as purchasing, human resources and information technology. These key indicators are then tested in an empirical study involving communication professionals of over five hundred organizations in the United States. The data from the study is presented, followed by a discussion of its strategic implications. The findings are then used to discuss the current state of institutionalization of the communication function in the United States.

Israeli Backpacking Since the 1960s: Institutionalization and its Effects

This article explores empirical and theoretical aspects concerning the heightened state of institutionalization of backpacking tourism. The exploration is accomplished through examining the evolution of Israeli backpacking in Asia and South America over the past four decades, and the effects of institutionalization on the tourist experience. From a theoretical perspective, the article seeks to illustrate modern processes of institutionalization through a conceptualization of three, interrelated dimensions: changes in the personal experience, social and cultural vicissitudes in social systems, and organizational processes. From an empirical point of view, these dimensions are considered across three phases of evolution, during which they have undergone significant concomitant changes. This has resulted in the gradual transformation of backpacking from a liminal and marginal practice, in which few alienated individuals participated during the sixties of the twentieth century, to a massive and normative form of a touristic rite of passage in contemporary Israeli society.

A Rhetorical Theory of Diffusion

I use rhetorical theory to reconceptualize the diffusion of managerial practices. Specifically, I argue that the diffusion of a practice depends on the discursive justifications used to rationalize it. When such justifications are accepted and taken for granted, a practice reaches a state of institutionalization. Furthermore, I propose that changes in justifications and diffusion provide a basis for explaining institutionalization as both a process and a state. I then develop several propositions from this model.

Family in transition environment

The broadest frame of this paper is the question of what society in transition means for family transition, and vice versa. The term 'transition' has a meaning that is appreciated widely enough for it include the largest, deeply rooted and easily recognized changes in a society, as well as those changes which are at first glance minor, less significant and less noticeable in everyday life, which mostly concern family. By pointing at the affect of the structural social changes on family, it is possible to emphasize the polarization of social structure, sharpening of negative economical processes, state of de institutionalization in a society and movement on the axis where the public and private life converge. Although the transition of family is naturally placed in the general social and cultural context, the autonomous flows of micro changes are not neglected and at this moment changes in the ground functions of family, especially its solidarity dimension and identity sphere should be emphasized.

Responsibility for Serious Breaches of Obligations Deriving from Peremptory Norms of International Law and United Nations Law

Discussions surrounding the concept of the international state crime have focused to a large extent on the mode of reaction to breaches of peremptory norms of the international legal order. In particular, the question arose whether UN mechanisms aimed at preserving international peace and security should be regarded as a privileged — or even exclusive — means to implement this type of 'aggravated' responsibility. Drawing on Security Council practice, Special Rapporteurs Ago and Riphagen suggested that UN organs should play a central role in such a situation. Ascribing a central function to UN organs in reaction to international crimes has, however, drawn criticism on several grounds, such as the limits to the Security Council's ratione materiae competence and its lack of legitimacy in representing the international community. Proposals to develop new institutional mechan- isms, put forward by Arangio-Ruiz, have, however, proved no more successful, and have been condemned as 'utopian'. Article 54 of the final version of the Articles on State Responsibility appears to leave the question open, since, following Special Rapporteur Crawford, the ILC chose not to exclude any specific mode of reaction to serious breaches of peremptory norms of international law, whether carried out within or outside existing international institutions. This probably better reflects the present state of institutionalization of the international society. The various contributions to this symposium are a reminder of the extent of the debate which has been provoked by the idea of establishing a qualitative distinction between breaches of different types of international law obligations within the framework of the law of international responsibility. These debates seem to centre round the manifest uncertainties surrounding the system of responsibility for

Informatizing Korean Localities

Focusing on local and intergovernmental factors, this paper analyzes the processes through which regional informatization policy has evolved over the past several years to the current state of institutionalization. The paper finds that policy making for regional informatization has changed from an uncoordinated and top-down to a coordinated cooperative mode over the past few years. It maintains that prime factors contributing to the change include the increased interests of local government heads, active involvement of the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs in an effort to find new policy domains after the reembarkation of local autonomy, and the emergence of regional informatization policy networks. The study also points out a number of important issues yet to be addressed: devising polycentric institutional arrangement for service provision, ensuring fiscal equivalency in financing informatization, inducing interlocal cooperation and promoting equitable access to information services.

An experimental unit for the community treatment of neurosis.

The object of this paper is to present a preliminary report on an experimental unit within the grounds of the mental hospital, but outside the Mental Treatment Acts, for patients suffering from the psychoneuroses. It is necessary, by way of introduction, to give some account of the way in which this unit came into being. One year before it was opened, we became particularly conscious of the problem of institutionalization, and attempted to study the forces active within the mental hospital which lead a patient, for the most part unconsciously, into a state of institutionalization. This is, of course, no new problem; in every mental hospital there is a nucleus of patients, of varying diagnostic categories, who no longer need to remain in hospital on account of the original symptoms or illness which brought them there, but who, under the subtle influence of the institutional life, have become quite incapable of returning to the outside world. This process of institutionalization cannot be dealt with extensively here, but briefly, the forces at work in bringing about this state are felt to be, firstly, those that tend in many minor or subtle ways to relieve the patient of all responsibility for himself, so that he ceases to be aware of the need to tackle his problems seriously, and, secondly, the authoritarian basis of staff and staff-patient relationships which, however benign, requires an attitude of submission on the part of the patient which readily leads to loss of initiative, and to institutionalization. It was, therefore, decided to reverse this process as completely as possible with a small group of patients, to see what further light could be thrown upon the problem.