State Of Information Security Research Articles

State Information Security – Threats and Risks in the Third Decade of the 21st Century

The article is devoted to the categories of threats and risks to state information security. The author starts from the assumption that the dynamic development of modern society has become an important factor of change in the security and defence environment. The aim of the publication is to identify threats to the shielding apparatus of processes related to the flow of news. It is worth mentioning that the intercessory-defensive nature of the institution can be understood directly or indirectly, as destructive actions interfering with the security subject. The concept of risk is associated with the uncertainty resulting from the security subject's actions, with its consequences, especially undesirable and unforeseen. The author therefore puts forward a thesis proclaiming the necessity for authorities (understood as a security subject) to acquire defensive and offensive skills in the infosphere. In doing so, he makes two points: mastering the capabilities mentioned above only reduces the level of risk, but does not eliminate it. Realistically taming these skills requires first and foremost education on many levels, from the basics of ‘cyber security’ behaviour to the professional training of information security specialists eo ipso, and thus capable of applying both IT and engineering knowledge and at the same time social sciences, above all defence sciences.

Information Security and Privacy Management in Intelligent Transportation Systems

With the global digitalization of services, passenger Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) have emerged as transformative components, yet the practical implementation of state-of-the-art measures to ensure information security and privacy presents substantial challenges. In this article, we propose a framework for information security and privacy management. The framework is validated through two empirical studies. First, the framework is used to extract data during the literature review defining state-of-the-art aspects and measures. Second, a survey-based analysis of running passenger ITSs in selected regions of the European Union provides insights into real-life ITS implementations, enabling a thorough comparison with the proposed state-of-the-art measures. The study also showed that the proposed framework depicts some dependencies between measures, and, thus, using its matrix structure for the state of information security and privacy management in the organization helps to cross-check the usage of policies or methodologies by the organization departments. Our findings resulted in recommendations for organizations developing ITSs to enhance their information security and privacy management systems and bridge the gap between research proposals and practical implementation.

On the Evaluation Framework of Comprehensive Trust for Data Interaction in Intermodal Transport

Due to the necessity to realize “building a strong transportation nation”, the construction of intermodal transportation is based on the information resource integration of diverse transport systems. To ensure the data security during the interaction between different transport modes, as well as the effect of data application, the status of entities and data flow in the network should be supervised throughout. Therefore, an evaluation framework of comprehensive trust is proposed in this paper. With feature analysis of transportation big data, a quality assessment is conducted by three-dimensional metric sets, which is considered as a significant factor of trust measurement. Furthermore, a hierarchical trust structure is put forward to assess the trust of entities in different levels, in terms of the static and dynamic evidence. Furthermore, the visualization of a dynamic global information security state is discussed, based on temporal knowledge graphs. As shown in practical application and simulation analysis, this framework can meet the requirements of data security supervision and lay the foundation of further intelligent management. This research is of great significance to improve the data security level in intermodal transport, and to promote the utilization and sharing of public information resources.

Information Security Risk Measurement Using Information Security Index (KAMI) at Information Technology And Database Center (PTIPD)

UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, as a rapidly growing higher education institution, faces great challenges in ensuring information security. This research aims to improve information security at UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung by applying the Information Security Index (KAMI). This method is used to analyze information security risks with the aim of identifying potential threats, vulnerabilities, and possible impacts. The results of the analysis revealed that there are security measures already in place, but also highlighted areas that require further attention. By achieving a final score of 415, signifying category II (Basic Framework Fulfillment), this research made a significant contribution to the understanding of information security in higher education. Through the application of WE, this research not only provides a comprehensive overview of the status of information security at UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, but also opens up opportunities to identify and address potential threats more effectively. Thus, the results of this study have important implications in improving information security and protection in higher education institutions, and can be a valuable guide for similar institutions in their efforts to mitigate information security risks.

Information Security Evaluation of Data Centre Architecture Using COBIT 5

Pusat Teknologi Informasi dan Pangkalan Data (Pustipanda) UIN Jakarta is an institution in charge of managing all information systems and data management for UIN Jakarta. However, security issues are still one of the problems faced by Pustipanda today, such as data leaks, and websites that are often problematic. This research aims to assess the level of information security at the UIN Jakarta Pustipanda data centre using the COBIT 5 framework. Information security is very important in supporting organizational operations, especially facing cyber threats in the data centre environment. The research approach included document analysis, observation, and interviews with stakeholders at Pustipanda UIN Jakarta. Identification of information security weaknesses, assessment of compliance with security standards, and design of appropriate solutions are the subject of the research. It is hoped that the results will provide a comprehensive picture of information security in the data centre as well as concrete recommendations for improvement. The results of the research include an understanding of the status of information security at Pustipanda UIN Jakarta, as well as guidelines for improving information security in accordance with COBIT 5 principles. These efforts aim to reduce risk and protect the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of data in the data centre environment

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЮ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ДЕТЕЙ

The article analyzes modern approaches to ensuring the information security of children in the Russian Federation. The work includes a brief overview of regulatory sources that determine the priorities and directions of state policy in the area under consideration, in particular, such as the Federal Law “on Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection” and the Federal Law “on the Protection of Children from Information Harmful to Their Health and Development”. Particular attention is paid to studying the provisions of the Concept of Information Security of Children in the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 28, 2023 No. 1105-r. The article studies the reasons for the increased vulnerability of minors to destructive information influences. Attention is also paid to the analysis of information threats to children on the Internet. Approaches to regulating the market of information products intended for children are outlined. It identifies subjects influencing the information security of minors as well as the risks, the management of which affects the state of information security of children. Individual public events and projects that are currently under implementation to promote the formation of a culture of information security for children are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of measures that contribute to improving the system of ensuring information security for children at the level of the state, society and representatives of individual social groups.

Improving the Quality of the Identification of the Information Security State Based on Sample Segmentation

Improving the Quality of the Identification of the Information Security State Based on Sample Segmentation

Information security communications strategy as a prerequisite to counteracting hybrid warfare: world experience

The need for innovative tools to counter hybrid threats makes this study relevant. Professional cybersecurity can be proactive and prevent security threats; moreover, its combination with a professional communications strategy can serve as a countermeasure to hybrid warfare and enemy attacks. The article aims to provide a comprehensive comparative analysis of the information security strategies of Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and the European Union, determine the availability of communication strategies for cybersecurity in these countries, and suggest recommendations for developing or improving information security communications strategy. The study examines the current state of information security in the Republic of Kazakhstan, Ukraine, and the European Union. As a part of the study, the authors applied such methods as analysis, systematization, and comparison. The result of the study is the recommendations for the development of information security communications strategies.

Information security in the system of measures to prevent criminal offences in the field of information technology: еxperience of EU and United States countries

The article is devoted to the problems of prevention of crimes in the field of information technology. To achieve this goal, the author used general scientific and special scientific research methods: formal-logical, systemic, comparative legal, etc. A review of scientific research in the field of information security is carried out. It is noted that the study of measures to prevent criminal offences in the field of information technology is becoming increasingly relevant and requires an objective criminological analysis in the context of martial law and post-war reconstruction. The author analyses modern threats in the field of information technology. Among the threats, the author singles out the negative information and psychological impact on the public consciousness of Ukrainian citizens. This impact is due to the systematic dissemination of disinformation, incomplete or biased information about political, economic and social processes taking place in Ukraine. The unsatisfactory state of information security causes a distorted view of the processes taking place in Ukraine; destructive changes in the behaviour and communication of individuals; and contributes to the formation of deformed moral attitudes. The author presents an analysis of modern foreign programmes aimed at preventing crimes in the field of information technology. These programmes are effective in the EU and the USA. The programmes are characterised according to the following algorithm: the purpose of the programme; the main areas of activity; the amount of funding; involvement of governmental and non- governmentalorganisations; therangeof specialists, etc. A significant number of the established projects operate as independent international institutions, with virtually no support from government funding. Funds for project implementation come in the form of non-governmental funding, grant contributions or donations from member and associated organisations. The target audience of the projects is civil society rather than the general population, which is explained by the more active role of civil society in Western countries and the passivity of the majority of the public. The author concludes that international cooperation and coordination of efforts of the national and international community to prevent criminal offences in the field of information technology is expedient. The importance of raising public awareness and literacy about disinformation and its methods through information and explanatory work is proved. The importance of developing a national model for the balanced and responsible use of the digital environment is emphasised. The main idea of the model is a combination of criminal law, regulatory, technical, organisational and managerial measures.

State information security strategies in conditions of hybrid threats

Hybrid information threats under the conditions of modern development of digital technologies are currently becoming one of the major issues for a modern democracy. The amount of damage that hybrid threats bring to the world economy contributes to the establishment of effective legal mechanisms to combat them. The purpose of the study was to single out the information security strategies under conditions of hybrid threats, including the spread of disinformation and fake news. The application of the comparative analysis method mad it possible to identify the gaps in information security strategies for countering hybrid threats. The strategy of information security in the conditions of hybrid threats is a coordinated action plan aimed at countering and fighting hybrid threats to safeguard cyberspace and preserve a democracy. Information security against hybrid threats is based on such cornerstones as: availability, confidentiality, integrity of information data, and safety. Enhancement of information security under the conditions of hybrid threats should be carried out at the expense of digital transformation, increasing the level of digital literacy of society and establishing a fair responsibility measure for a purposeful spreading of disinformation. The perspective of further research is addressing information security strategies as well as elaborating practical guidelines for the formation of a secure information space.

Вопросы аудита информационной безопасности

Today, information security reigns in absolutely all areas of human activity. Security breaches always have consequences, but depending on the structure, they can be invisible, or vice versa, stop the activities of an organization or even a country. The issue of ensuring information security of critical information infrastructure facilities has become the most discussed today. The state and its regulators to develop many regulatory legal documents that contain requirements for the system of protection of critical information infrastructure facilities of various levels of significance. However, no one has ever created a single technique that would show the real state of information security of a critical information infrastructure object. As a result, both the organization and regulators see only a general picture of the state of the defense system, which in turn creates many vulnerabilities that an attacker can use to carry out an attack. As a result of the attack on the object of critical information infrastructure, harm can be done not only to organizations, but also to people, the work processes of the entire state can be violated. That is why the issue of creating such a methodology becomes not only relevant, but also necessary both for the internal control of the organization itself and for automating the work of regulators during the next inspections. The methodology will show not only a high-quality assessment of the state of the protection system, but also show the possible vulnerabilities of the organization that need to be closed to improve the effectiveness of all protection.

Information security of the domestic and global community

The article examines the state of information security in Ukraine in the conditions of Russian military aggression. The possibilities of realizing the goals specified in Ukraine's Information Security Strategy under martial law conditions are analyzed. It is shown that Ukraine's national interests require favorable conditions for the country's political development. Thus, the interests of the individual consist in the actual provision of political rights and freedoms of citizens, society needs to strengthen democracy, and the interests of the state are expressed in the need to effectively protect the constitutional system of sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country, establish, and maintain political stability, including the strength of state power and its institutions. Based on Ukraine's national interests, strategic and current tasks of the state policy on ensuring information security are formed in the information sphere. Practical information activities have been proven to improve the state's efforts to resolve crises peacefully significantly. Conversely, ignoring informational factors and often deliberately altered information can provoke the most radical attitudes and outbursts of hostility, leading to catastrophic consequences. It is argued that the use of information technologies by the military has opened new opportunities for ensuring the state's defense. Possession of information resources and their protection in the military sphere has become the same indispensable attribute as weapons, ammunition, transport, etc. Ukraine's victory in the information conflict during the war with russia will contribute to achieving its strategic goals. It is substantiated that Ukraine's Information Security Strategy reflects the state's interests, which are expressed in the need to effectively protect the constitutional system of sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country and establish and maintain political stability, including the strength of state power and its institutions. The analysis of the implementation of the Strategy's goals showed that this process continues despite all the difficulties of martial law. Keywords: information security, Information Security Strategy of Ukraine, national interests of the state, information technologies, information struggle.

Current problems of international information security

The problems and areas of ensuring effective international information security are considered, which are based on the analysis of the current state of global cybercrime, the existing main directions of global cyberattacks and the development of possible methods and means of countering them, with the use of current research and reporting materials of specialized international companies specializing in the problems of international information security security and the development of appropriate comprehensive tools for its provision. The subject of research in the article is the issue of ensuring international information security, cyber protection and combating cybercrime. The goal is to analyze the current state and current problems of international information security to ensure its effective management at the state and corporate levels in various countries and regions of the world. Tasks: processing and analysis of the latest reports and conclusions concerning the current state of international information security in various countries and regions of the world; research of the main information threats, their types, current directions and sources; analysis of existing and promising directions and means of countering information threats to ensure effective international information security. The general scientific method of system analysis is used - to identify existing information and cyber threats and analyze their features, as well as to research existing and promising ways of combating them. The following results were obtained: based on the results of processing reports and the conclusions of the Microsoft Digital Defense Report concerning the current state of international information security in various countries and regions of the world, the main information threats, their types, current directions, goals and sources were investigated. Current issues of international cybercrime based on the use of ransomware, as well as the main target areas of relevant cyberattacks, have been determined. Existing and promising directions and means of countering information threats to ensure effective international information security are analyzed. The main trends in increasing the level of cyber protection and information security in the world have been determined. Conclusions: It is shown that as the number, sophistication and impact of online threats increase, to counter them, international organizations, companies and individuals must take measures to strengthen the so-called first line of defense, in particular, use strong multi-factor authentication. It was determined that at the moment there are three main trends in increasing the level of cyber protection and information security in the world: the implementation of unprecedented steps by the leading countries of the world to solve the problem of cyber security using already existing laws and powers; the adoption and introduction by governments around the world of new laws that require organizations to report on the detection of cyber attacks; voluntary notification by governments and international companies to the public when they become victims of attacks. The trend is also a further increase in the number and scope of cyber-attacks for any political purpose, be it espionage, subversion or destruction. At the same time, it is expected that more countries will join the list of those participating in offensive cyber operations, and that these operations will become more daring, persistent and disruptive, with more serious consequences. At the same time, in order to counter this, governments and international companies are making more and more efforts to counter these informational dangers.

Злочини проти основ національної безпеки в контексті останніх змін і доповнень

Characterization of crimes against the foundations of national security in the context of the latest changes and additions was carried out. It is established that criminal law is not stable, as it is based on changing and fluid historical conditions, which are determined by political, social and economic forces. In view of the current events caused by the started war against our state, a number of changes and additions were made to Chapter 1 "Crimes against the foundations of national security" of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. ​It is emphasized that crimes against the foundations of national security are socially dangerous, illegal, punitive and culpable acts, committed by a physically reprehensible person who has reached the age of criminal responsibility, and encroaches on the state and social order of Ukraine, its sovereignty, political system, inviolability, territorial integrity , defense capability, information and economic security, as well as national security in the field of ecology and military armament. Among them, the legislator includes actions aimed at violent change or overthrow of the constitutional order or at the seizure of state power (Article 109); encroachment on the territorial integrity and inviolability of Ukraine (Article 110); financing of actions committed for the purpose of violent change or overthrow of the constitutional order or seizure of state power, change of territory or state border of Ukraine (Article 110-2); treason (Article 111); encroachment on the life of a state or public figure (Article 112); sabotage (Article 113); espionage (Article 114) and obstruction of the lawful activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations (Article 114-1).A general description of the components of these crimes is provided. ​Changes to the legislation, which were introduced to the Criminal Code of Ukraine in connection with the full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine, were considered. It was found that Section I "Crimes against the foundations of national security" of the Criminal Code of Ukraine was supplemented with the following articles: Collaborative activity (Article 111-1); Assistance to the aggressor state (Article 111-2);Obstructing the lawful activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations (Article 114-1); Unauthorized dissemination of information about the transfer, transfer of weapons, armaments and war supplies to Ukraine, the movement, transfer or placement of the Armed Forces of Ukraine or other military formations formed in accordance with the laws of Ukraine, committed under conditions of war or a state of emergency (Article 114-2). ​It was concluded that the criminalization of certain acts under martial law is a necessary, relevant and timely step on the part of the state.

Information security as a special state

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of national and international information security. It is part of general international security and, at the corresponding level, a branch of national security. The latest threats led to the fact that regional international organizations, such as the EU and military-political organizations - NATO, began to take care of the mentioned issue.Information sovereignty is the supremacy of the state in the information sphere on its own territory. As well as the opportunity to freely and independently provide objective information about the peculiarities of internal and external policy and events within the state to the outside world.The supremacy of the state in the information sphere means the regulation of information activities aimed at ensuring the security and protection of the economic and social interests of the state, society, rights and legitimate interests, human life and health. This is done through the legislative establishment and control of licensing or other conditions of such activity. The implementation of conditions for information activity must ensure compliance with the principles of freedom of expression of views and beliefs, freedom of distribution, exchange and receipt of information, right to information, openness and availability of information, reliability and completeness of information, protection of a person from interference in his personal and family life.Ensuring information security in the state directly affects the economic, military and political spheres of its life. Legal uncertainty at the global level and the lack of unified positions forces state governments to form digital security policies at the national level.The informational component is a part of modern hybrid wars – both as a cover and as a means of direct influence on the enemy.Information security should be understood as a state in which, with the help of national and international resources, protection against informational influence on the consciousness of individuals and society is ensured, and informational influence on decision-making by state institutions is prevented. As well as the inviolability of private and state digital databases, the possibility of their quick recovery in the event of illegal encroachment and ensuring the punishment of perpetrators is guaranteed.At the international level, the state of information security involves protection against informational influence on public consciousness and decision-making by states and international organizations. As well as the inviolability of private, state and international digital databases, the possibility of their quick recovery in case of illegal encroachment and ensuring the punishment of the subjects of illegal encroachments.

International and national legal analysis of the state of information security of Ukraine in conditions of armed conflict

The article discusses, the international and national legal regulation of Ukraine’s information security is examined following the armed conflict initiated by the Russian Federation and the subsequent aggression against Ukraine. The main challenges and threats are analyzed, focusing on the role of various actors in ensuring Ukraine’s information security in the present day.It is noted that fostering favorable conditions for Ukraine’s political development constitutes the country’s national interests. These primary interests include ensuring the effective exercise of political rights and freedoms for citizens to satisfy individual human interests, strengthening democracy to fulfill societal interests, and providing effective protection of the constitutional order, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the country. Additionally, these interests encompass the establishment and maintenance of political stability, including the stability of state power and its institutions. In the sphere of information security, Ukraine’s national interests are employed to shape the strategic and current tasks of state policy.The study demonstrated that effective information activities and the utilization of key international legal documents can significantly enhance a state’s efforts towards peaceful crisis resolution. In particular, information technologies can help expand the capabilities of ensuring a country’s defense capacity. The efficient use of information technologies assists Ukraine in its information confrontation with Russia, achieve its strategic goals, and ensure national security.Additionally, the article emphasizes that neglecting information factors or distorting information can provoke radical sentiments and flare-ups of hostility, potentially leading to the destabilization of the situation in the country and catastrophic consequences for national security.Consequently, information security is a vital component of Ukraine’s national interest, and fostering favorable conditions for the political development of the country is essential for achieving national security and protecting the state’s interests.

АУДИТ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ДЛЯ ЗАХИСТУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ АКТИВІВ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ

In the modern conditions of global challenges, along with climate action failure, extreme weather, human environmental damage, there are cyberattacks and data fraud or theft, the spread of infectious diseases (pandemics), which resulted in the activation of digitalization processes of social, economic and political processes in general and business entities financial and economic activity in particular. Modern business processes cannot be imagined without the use of information assets, because today they are becoming the most valuable resource for business development. However, in the conditions of modern global challenges and the state of war, there are more and more threats associated with the loss of access by business entities to the information assets of their own business, therefore the topic of enterprise information protection is an urgent issue that requires research and practical recommendations development. The aim of the research is analysis the enterprise's information security audit process and the development of practical recommendations for securing the enterprise's information assets in the global challenges conditions. The methods of the research: logical and meaningful method, methods of comparison, systematization, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, coefficient method. The hypothesis of the research was assumptions about the possibility of determining the state of information security of business assets through the enterprise vulnerability indicator and securing its information assets by conducting an information security audit. The statement of basic materials. The place of Ukraine in the World Digital Competitiveness Ranking was analyzed and the main weak points are identified. The model of building an information security system is presented. The enterprise information security indicators are considered. It is proposed to identify the state of security of the enterprise's information assets using the company's vulnerability indicator. It is proposed to conduct an audit of the enterprise's information security in four interrelated stages, which will make it possible to protect the company's information assets from potential threats and attacks by intruders. The originality and practical significance of the research confirmed by research and substantiation of the importance of the enterprises information assets protecting in the conditions of martial law and recommendations for the information assets securing from potential threats using the enterprise vulnerability indicator and conducting regular information security audit. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. It was determined that the company's information threats can be identified using a vulnerability indicator, and the company's information assets can be secured by applying an information security audit of its assets. Further research will be aimed at a more extensive analysis of factors that can influence the determination of the enterprise's vulnerability and the emergence of potential costs from cyber attacks and data theft.

Алгоритм выявления угроз информационной безопасности в распределенных мультисервисных сетях органов государственного управления

The results of studies are presented, the purpose of which was to develop an algorithm for identifying information security threats in distributed multiservice networks that provide information interaction of regional government bodies, as well as their communication with the population of the region. The relevance of the research topic is due to a significant increase in various types of cyber attacks on the computer networks of public authorities and the need to increase the level of security of these networks by intellectualizing methods for combating information security threats. The algorithm is based on the use of machine learning methods to analyze incoming traffic in order to identify events that affect the state of information security of public authorities. The algorithm provides for input traffic preprocessing, as a result of which a set of images (signatures) obtained from Wasm binary files is formed, and then the image classifier is launched. It contains a sequential inclusion of deep neural networks – a convolutional neural network for signature classification and a recurrent network that processes the sequences obtained at the output of the convolutional network. Features of the formation of signatures in the proposed algorithm, as well as sequences at the input to the recurrent network, make it possible to obtain the resulting assessment of information security, taking into account the history of its current state. The output of the recurrent network is aggregated with the result of comparing the actual signatures with those available in the database. The aggregation is performed by the fuzzy inference system of the second type, using the implication according to the Mamdani algorithm, which generates the final assessment of information security threats. Software was developed that implements the proposed algorithm, experiments were carried out on a synthetic data set, which showed the efficiency of the algorithm, confirmed the feasibility of its further improvement.

Cyber terrorism as a threat to international security

The article is devoted to the problem of information terrorism in the context of the threat to the national security of Ukraine. The author defines regulatory consolidation of information terrorism and outlines the significant gaps in the legislation of Ukraine in regulating this phenomenon. The article analyzes and classifies information terrorism in today's global cyberspace. The author proposes ways to counteract information terrorism as a factor of destabilization of Ukraine's national security. This article examines the phenomenon of information terrorism at the modern stage. The most outstanding attention is focused on concepts such as the media- and cyber-terrorism, which are the main components of information terrorism. This article reflects the essence of this phenomenon and the degree of legal regulation and prevention of terror information at both the international and national levels. Also, the recommendations for preventing information terrorism in Ukraine are provided. The article examines the phenomenon of informational terrorism at the current stage. The most tremendous respect is given to such concepts as media cyberterrorism as the central warehouse of informational terrorism. The article shows the essence of this phenomenon. Also, it characterizes the stage of legal regulation and the intimidation of terrorist information both internationally and nationally. Also, recommendations were made on how to prevent information terrorism in Ukraine. Conclusions were made that nowadays, virtual space and mass media are widely used by various terrorist groups to achieve their own goals, as accessibility, lack of censorship, the presence of a vast potential audience of users, the high speed of information dissemination, and the complexity of its presentation and perception contribute to the expansion of information terrorism in the modern world. Modern information security problems are analyzed as part of the state's national security. The reasons for the unsatisfactory state of information security are determined. Special attention is paid to the legal basis of ensuring information security, prospects for improving legislation, and problems regulating relations in this area. The successful development of Ukraine as a sovereign state is only possible by ensuring its national security. The information security of society and the state is determined by the degree of their protection and, therefore, the resistance of the main spheres of life to dangerous, destabilizing, destructive information actions that oppress the country's interests. The threat of terrorism using media and cyberspace is a complex challenge of our time. The danger of such terrorism lies in the absence of geographical and national borders, as well as in the difficulty of identifying the identity of the terrorist in the information space and establishing his whereabouts. Therefore, in connection with the further development of technologies and mass media, the issue of combating information terrorism will be particularly relevant. Keywords: information terrorism, threats, national security, cyberterrorism, legal regulation, regulatory and legal consolidation.

Zagrożenia hybrydowe bezpieczeństwa informacyjnego państwa

The annexation of Crimea and the beginnings of Russian aggression in the Donbass area have sparked widespread use in journalistic discourse and scholarly considerations of the concept of hybrid threats. With threats such as spreading false information and manipulating it in a way that undermines the public's trust in government and spreading information that compromises politicians. By attempting to undermine the social contract that binds the state and its constituents, a hybrid actor seeks to undermine trust between state institutions and citizens. As a result, the state loses its legitimacy - which is largely a function of public trust - and thus loses its ability to act as Thomas Hobbes argued in his 1651 work Leviathan. Consequently, a group of hybrid threats pertaining to information activities destroys both the ideological foundations and the state's ability to function smoothly. The article attempts to analyze and assess the essence of hybrid threats that have a major impact on the reduction of the state's information security.