Frustrated State Research Articles

Racial Injustice Against Blacks in the American Society as Represented in Wright’s Native Son

Racial injustice refers to the unfair treatment of a specific race in a community, which disadvantages one race. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the social consequences of systemic racism and identify the various types of racial injustices experienced by Black people in the 1930s, as depicted in Wright's Native Son. Qualitative and descriptive methods, as well as Lucien Goldmann's Genetic Structuralism methods, were used. The results showed various forms of racism, including prejudice, negative stereotypes, segregation, and social isolation. These types of injustice have had a severe impact on African Americans, as seen through the protagonist, Bigger Thomas, who represented the constant state of fear, uncertainty, and frustration inflicted upon Black people. By uncovering the different kinds of racial injustice, this study emphasized the importance of societal reflection and action in eliminating long-standing racial biases and injustices.

Evolution of Frustrated Coordination in Eutectic Electrolyte Driven by Ligand Asymmetry toward High‐Performance Zinc Batteries

AbstractEutectic electrolytes hold promise for aqueous zinc metal batteries in sustainable energy storage chemistries, yet improvement from perspective of molecule configurational engineering are ambiguous. Herein, we propose design strategy of increasing asymmetric molecular geometry in organic ligands to regulate frustrated coordination and disordered structure for eutectic electrolytes toward enhanced zinc metal batteries. The introduced asymmetry in eutectic component gives rise to relatively weak coordination strength and configurational disorder interaction among cation‐anion‐ligand, leading to suppressed local aggregation, steady eutectic phase and improved Zn2+ diffusion kinetics. Such highly frustrated coordination state also enables disruption of hydrogen bonding network and reinforcement of anion participation, which results in confined side reactions, decreased water activity and the formation of inorganic‐enriched solid electrolyte interphase. In comparison to highly symmetric ligands, asymmetric ligand‐involved eutectic electrolytes with configurational disorder deliver high Coulombic efficiency of 99.4 %, stabilized Zn plating/stripping of 5000 h and impressive rate capability even under harsh conditions such as small N/P, low temperature. The rationale in this work advances the deep understanding of asymmetric molecular engineering in eutectic electrolytes and showcases suitability of frustrated coordination to achieve high‐performance zinc metal batteries.

Evolution of Frustrated Coordination in Eutectic Electrolyte Driven by Ligand Asymmetry toward High-Performance Zinc Batteries.

Eutectic electrolytes hold promise for aqueous zinc metal batteries in sustainable energy storage chemistries, yet improvement from perspective of molecule configurational engineering are ambiguous. Herein, we propose design strategy of increasing asymmetric molecular geometry in organic ligands to regulate frustrated coordination and disordered structure for eutectic electrolytes toward enhanced zinc metal batteries. The introduced asymmetry in eutectic component gives rise to relatively weak coordination strength and configurational disorder interaction among cation-anion-ligand, leading to suppressed local aggregation, steady eutectic phase and improved Zn2+diffusion kinetics. Such highly frustrated coordination state also enables disruption of hydrogen bonding network and reinforcement of anion participation, which results in confined side reactions, decreased water activity and the formation of inorganic-enriched solid electrolyte interphase. In comparison to highly symmetric ligands, asymmetric ligand-involved eutectic electrolytes with configurational disorderdeliver high Coulombic efficiency of 99.4 %, stabilized Zn plating/stripping of 5000 h and impressive rate capability even under harsh conditions such as small N/P, low temperature. The rationale in this work advances the deep understanding of asymmetric molecular engineering in eutectic electrolytes and showcases suitability of frustrated coordination to achieve high-performance zinc metal batteries.

Pseudotransitions in a dilute Ising chain.

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the ground state and thermodynamic properties of a spin-pseudospin chain representing a model of a one-dimensional dilute magnet with two types of nonmagnetic charged impurities. For this purpose, a method utilizing the transfer-matrix properties is employed. Despite the wide variety of intriguing frustrated phase states, we show that the model showcases pseudotransitions solely between simple charge and magnetic quasiorders. These pseudotransitions are characterized by distinct features in the thermodynamic and magnetic quantities, resembling first- and second-order phase transitions. In addition to pseudotransitions for the "pure" system, similar to those observed in other one-dimensional spin models, this study also reveals the presence of "second-order" pseudotransitions for the dilute case. We show that the nature of these discovered pseudotransitions is associated with the phase separation in the chain into regions of (anti)ferromagnetic and charge-ordered phases. The ability to compare the results of an exact transfer-matrix calculation with a simple phenomenological description within the framework of Maxwell construction contributes to a deeper understanding of both the physical mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and the analytical methods used.

Structure, Raman spectroscopy, and magnetic properties of new Al, Ga, and Mn-based high entropy oxides

Recent advancements in high entropy oxides (HEOs) have sparked significant interest as a promising frontier in materials research, revolutionizing the landscape of material design and properties. They exhibit outstanding stability, intriguing functional properties, and unparalleled design flexibility enabled by the inclusion of multiple cations in these materials. In this study, we successfully stabilized several new high entropy spinel oxides with compositions (Ni0.2(Mg/Mn)0.2Co0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)B2O4 (B = Al, Ga, Mn). The room temperature X-ray diffraction (RT-XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements highlight the crystal structure of the materials with excellent chemical homogeneity at the micro-scale. RT-XRD and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of single-phase cubic spinel structures. However, the Mn-based sample exhibited tetragonal distortion. Magnetic measurements show remarkable variation in the magnetic properties: (Ni0.2Mg0.2Co0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)Mn2O4 shows complex ferrimagnetic behavior, Al and Ga based diamond lattice (Ni0.2Mg0.2Co0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)B2O4 (B = Al and Ga) materials revealed extremely high magnetic frustration and absence of magnetic ordering down to 1.8 K, indicative of exotic frustrated state. Magnetic transitions (spin-glass like) are observed in (Ni0.2Mn0.2Co0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)B2O4 (B = Al and Ga) materials. Our study highlights the potential to finely tune the magnetic responses through compositional engineering, thus paving the way for the development of tailored magnetic materials for various applications.

Effect of Classical Counterconditioning (Quiet Kennel Exercise) on Barking in Sheltered Dogs

A major welfare concern in animal shelters is excessive barking from kenneled dogs. This contributes to noise pollution, can cause hearing damage in both dogs and humans, and has a negative effect on all animals housed within earshot. Excessive barking is often driven by fear and frustration, negative emotional states often difficult to alter in the shelter setting. This study demonstrated implementation of a simple classical counterconditioning measure, the Quiet Kennel Exercise (QKE) in adoption wards at an open admission shelter improved the emotional state of dogs, reduced fear, frustration and excessive barking.Baseline data were collected over two weeks using a hand-held decibel meter to measure the volume of barking in each ward three times daily. Mounted cameras were used to document the number of people passing through each ward each day. Data were collected for 18 days of intervention over four weeks. During this time, signs were placed to encourage people to toss treats to each dog, and treats were provided in buckets. Decibel levels were measured three times daily and the numbers of people who did and did not toss treats were recorded to measure compliance.There was an increase in compliance and a decrease in maximum decibel readings over the course of the intervention. For each one percent increase in compliance, there was an average decrease of 17.3 dB in the maximum volume in decibels. Therefore, increasing participation in the QKE can significantly decrease barking volume. This easily implemented intervention has the potential to decrease noise levels and improve welfare for both humans and dogs in kennel settings.

Environmental Enrichment in Rabbit Husbandry: Comparative Impacts on Performance and Welfare.

Rabbits are highly susceptible to environmental stress. Such stress, stemming from conventional housing conditions, can negatively impact well-being and productivity. Some of these negative consequences are increased susceptibility to diseases and infections and reduced growth rates and reproductive performance, as well as increased behavioral issues such as aggression. Environmental enrichment is the modification of the environment in which a domesticated animal lives in order to meet the species' behavioral needs. The objective of providing enrichment is to facilitate animals in expressing natural behaviors, thereby preventing behavioral frustration and negative affective states. Several inexpensive and safe materials can be used to enrich rabbit enclosures. This review emphasizes the significance of implementing diverse environmental enrichments to alleviate stress in rabbit farming. It summarizes their effects on animal performance and welfare while exploring potential future perspectives in this field.

Novel Trifunctional Intramolecular Frustrated Lewis Pair Derived From Aminoboronic Acid for Converting CO2 Into Valuable Chemicals

ABSTRACTThe conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals remains a significant challenge for achieving environmental sustainability, primarily due to the stability of the CO2 molecule. This necessitates the development of efficient and ecofriendly catalysts. In recent years, frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have shown promise for CO2 utilization. In this study, we introduce α‐aminodiboronic acid (DBA), a novel trifunctional aminoboronic acid, as an intramolecular FLP for converting CO2 into cyclic carbonate and formic acid. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we explored the reaction mechanism and investigated DBA's electronic structure through molecular electrostatic potential surface (MESP) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses. Our results reveal that one −B (OH)2 group induces an unusual state of frustration in the molecule due to charge transfer from the nitrogen atom's lone pair to the π* orbitals, enhancing catalytic performance. The additional −B (OH)2 group serves as an anchoring site for reactive species. The epoxide activation energy is reduced by approximately 27 kcal/mol compared to the uncatalyzed reaction, and the reduction of CO2 occurs with a requirement of 26 kcal/mol. The additional −B (OH)2 plays a crucial role in the catalytic mechanism and minimizes the energies of various structures observed in the reaction path. The reaction energetics align with structural analysis observations, marking this study as the first report on single‐molecule trifunctional FLPs for transforming CO2 into valuable chemicals.

Conceptualization and validation of the TILT questionnaire: relationship with IGD and life satisfaction.

Currently, the study of esports is growing within the field of psychology. Among the different variables attracting interest - including stress or psychological factors associated with performance - an emerging concept known as tilt is gaining prominence in the literature. However, this construct has yet to be operationalized or defined. Thus, the present study aims to address this gap by defining and conceptualizing TILT while devising and validating a questionnaire to measure the construct in esports players. The initial phase of the study comprised 27 interviews conducted with professional players (n = 6), semi-professionals (n = 8), amateurs (n = 8), and coaches (n = 5) to characterize the concept of tilt. Following these interviews, a definition of tilt was formulated, and a panel of five experts in sports psychology and esports proposed a comprehensive set of 53 items. A total of 488 participants (278 males, 210 females), aged 18-50 (mean age = 26.9 years, SD = 7.57), completed the survey, including the 53 tilt items, a questionnaire measuring toxic behavior, and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF). The tilt construct is primarily characterized as a state of frustration escalating into anger, resulting in diminished performance, attention, and recurring negative thoughts about errors. Its onset typically coincides with stressful situations, persisting for approximately 30 min. Through an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), 18 items were retained and categorized into two factors: Causes (7 Items) and Consequences (11 Items) of tilt. The entire questionnaire yielded a Cronbach's α of 0.922, with the first and second factors showing values of 0.854 and 0.890, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed an acceptable fit for the 2-factor solution. Correlations with related constructs, such as Toxic Behavior and IGD, provided preliminary evidence of external validity. Empirical evidence for the validity and internal consistency of the Tilt Scale is robust, indicating its potential utility in future research on the psychological experiences of esports players.

Freshmen mental health diagnostics in higher education institutions under martial law

Purpose. Empirical study of mental health of first-year students of higher education institutions under martial law conditions. Methods. The research program was developed to achieve the goal, which included four diagnostic methods: the questionnaire ‘Self-assessment of states of anxiety, frustration, aggressiveness and rigidity” (adapted version of H. Eysenck method), the “Resistance to stress” test, “Questionnaire for measuring the locus of health control” (K. Wallston, B.S. Wallston, & R. Devellis) (adaptation by L. Karamushka, K. Tereshchenko, O. Kredentser), “Positive mental health scale (pmh-scale)” (J. Lukat, J. Margraf, R. Lutz, W.M. Van Der Veld, & E.S. Becker) (adaptation by L. Karamushka, O. Kredentser, K. Tereshchenko). Results. According to the study results, it was found that the majority of young people of early adolescence take an ambivalent position in choosing a strategy for assessing their own emotional states and follow the same tactics in choosing options for supporting and preserving mental health under the martial law conditions. They are rigid in the options for its change, since such actions are tested for effectiveness, and therefore have practical value. Such a behavioral strategy helps to keep the degree of anxiety, stress resistance and aggression at average levels, to maintain an internal emotional balance and to feel healthy and happy. Another part of respondents who participate in our empirical study gravitate towards extreme options for controlling their own physical condition. Young people with external locus of control rely more on the help of external circumstances, which will be useful for the return of internal harmony. Students with internal locus of control rely solely on themselves when choosing an option for maintaining mental health. It is difficult to determine which of these positions is more rational, it is important that it is as effective as possible in maintaining mental health. That actualizes the study of the outlined problems. Conclusions. The conducted theoretical and empirical research confirms the effectiveness of the proposed diagnostic program for mental health of first-year students of higher education institutions under the martial law conditions. We see the prospect of further study in the development of empirical research programs of other components of mental health and involvement of persons of various ages into the research.

Hydrogen-annealing modulated magnetocaloric effect and critical behavior of Weyl semimetallic Co3Sn2S2

Modulating the electron interaction and magnetic domains is an essential strategy to evoke novel physical properties, both for fundamental research and for related magnetic applications. The emerging annealing process attracted attention due to its capability of tuning the magnetic performance, but it has been rarely studied. Herein, we conducted hydrogen annealing on the Weyl semimetallic Co3Sn2S2 and investigated the magnetic interaction, critical behavior, and magnetocaloric effect (MCE). Hydrogen-annealed Co3Sn2S2 (HA-Co3Sn2S2) exhibits a distinct anisotropy-dependent magnetic behavior, where a typical second-order transition with an easy magnetization process is observed under H//c. However, a frustrated magnetic state composed of ferromagnetic (FM), antiferromagnetic (AFM), and/or spin glass phases is observed when H//ab. Critical analyses illustrate that the ground state of HA-Co3Sn2S2 lies between the 3D-Ising model and the Mean-filed model, indicating the presence of both long-range and short-range magnetic interactions in the system. Additionally, we found that HA-Co3Sn2S2 exhibits an enhanced saturation magnetization (Ms) and magnetic refrigeration capacity, both showing anisotropic dependence, compared to the pristine Co3Sn2S2. Our work develops hydrogen annealing to modulate electron coupling and magnetic domains, paving the way for further studies of anisotropic magnetic behavior and applications in magnetic refrigeration.

Tilt in esports: Understanding the phenomenon in new digital contexts

Tilt is a state of frustration leading to poor performance in poker players, but despite widespread adoption of the term in the gaming community, nascent esports (electronic sports) research has yet to establish a definition of tilt. The rapid growth of the esports industry has sparked demand for research that expands knowledge on psychological factors in gaming, especially the application of performance-oriented improvements for competitive gamers. Our qualitative approach explored the construct of tilt and how it manifests in esports, including generating the first clear definition of tilt as it applies to this context. Thematic analysis of interviews with six industry experts defined tilt as a state of indignation and frustration resulting in inhibited decision-making, as well as identifying several esports-specific contexts that trigger or mitigate tilt. Themes diverge noticeably from the problem gambling contexts in which tilt definitions originated, answering the recent call for more context-specific athlete-orientated research. Our findings provide the first definition of tilt bespoke to esports and marks an important conceptual foundation for this emerging research area. The definition will also inform evidence-based practice as coaches and psychologists search for new ways to improve athlete performance in the highly competitive world of esports.

Everting the Theatrical Sphere Like Terayama

<p>This essay attempts to understand humanistic performances through STEM fields, specifically engaging with Terayama Shūji’s 1970s avant-garde theatre and film through the study of topology. The mathematical transformation called eversion is posited as frame for Terayama’s multiple radical reversals, moving toward residual effects, a process that holds the potential for radically other performance to alter the experience of time and space. Performances of bodily intervention evert the form of theatre and elicit frustration and other affective states that generate a “transformation of theatricalized space.” The essay studies Terayama Shūji’s interest in mathematical models of eversion, or turning the inside out, and how these have influenced his work in avant-garde theatre and film, positioning the audience beyond the mere notion of “revolution” into something more complex and evocative, in which the highly scripted expectation of normative everyday life comes into question. Bodily and spatial interventions bring together viewers and performers with the purpose of transforming social life through the affects—the everting—of the particular feelings generated by the experience of the artwork.</p>

Motility-induced phase separation and frustration in active matter swarmalators.

We introduce a two dimensional system of active matter swarmalators composed of elastically interacting run-and-tumble active disks with an internal parameter ϕ_{i}. The disks experience an additional attractive or repulsive force with neighboring disks depending upon their relative difference in ϕ_{i}, making them similar to swarmalators used in robotic systems. In the absence of the internal parameter, the system forms a motility-induced phase separated (MIPS) state, but when the swarmalator interactions are present, a wide variety of other active phases appear depending upon whether the interaction is attractive or repulsive and whether the particles act to synchronize or ant-synchronize their internal parameter values. These phases include a gas-free gel regime, arrested clusters, a labyrinthine state, a regular MIPS state, a frustrated MIPS state for attractive antisynchronization, and a superlattice MIPS state for attractive synchronization.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF BIG FIVE PERSONALITY WITH BURNOUT IN MTsN HONORARY TEACHER

Jobs that are vulnerable to burnout are jobs that provide services directly to people. One of the jobs in the field of community service is teacher. Burnout is a state of tiredness and frustration caused by the pressure of work and hampered desires which results in a decline in physical condition, emotional exhaustion and prolonged mental fatigue. Research was conducted to determine the relationship between personality types, especially using the big five personality theory, with burnout in MTsN honorary teachers. The approach in this research uses a quantitative approach with two scales, namely the mask burnout inventory (MBI) scale and the big five inventory (BFI) scale. The sample in the research was 127 honorary teachers with a sampling technique using total sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires directly and online (Google from). This research was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research are that there is a joint relationship between the big five personalities and burnout in honorary teachers based on the results of the F test with a significance level of <0.05, namely 0.000 with a fairly strong correlation of 0.570.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF BIG FIVE PERSONALITY WITH BURNOUT IN MTsN HONORARY TEACHER

Jobs that are vulnerable to burnout are jobs that provide services directly to people. One of the jobs in the field of community service is teacher. Burnout is a state of tiredness and frustration caused by the pressure of work and hampered desires which results in a decline in physical condition, emotional exhaustion and prolonged mental fatigue. Research was conducted to determine the relationship between personality types, especially using the big five personality theory, with burnout in MTsN honorary teachers. The approach in this research uses a quantitative approach with two scales, namely the mask burnout inventory (MBI) scale and the big five inventory (BFI) scale. The sample in the research was 127 honorary teachers with a sampling technique using total sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires directly and online (Google from). This research was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research are that there is a joint relationship between the big five personalities and burnout in honorary teachers based on the results of the F test with a significance level of <0.05, namely 0.000 with a fairly strong correlation of 0.570.

Origin of microscopically coupled ferromagnetic Cu-ions in a distorted system of Cu-doped ZnO and their synchrotron-based electronic structures

Spintronics-based studies have produced significant attention in the last decade while claiming the observation of room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM). Nevertheless, there is a lack of consensus on a mechanism responsible for this phenomenon. In this study, we focus on Cu-doped ZnO (ZCO) to understand the microscopic origin of RTFM and the role of different oxidation states of Cu in RTFM. We have performed different spectroscopic techniques using synchrotron facilities. The values of spin-moment obtained from x-ray magnetic circular dichroism sum-rule truly exhibit a ferromagnetic interaction in the nanocrystalline powder of ZCO with ∼0.58 μB for 5% of Cu concentration in the total fluorescence yield mode. Such an enhanced magnetization is attributed to the presence of Cu2+, which is mainly localized in the bulk region. Cu in ZCO is mostly dominated by the presence of Cu2+. This is clearly reflected by the profiles of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Consequently, the weakly magnetized total electron yield mode is attributed to a state of magnetic frustration as the majority of Cu3+ is found on the surface. Some of these Cu3+ when come in the vicinity of Cu2+ ions result in a highly correlated state of double exchange mechanism, which is the microscopic origin of RTFM in ZCO. The coupling between Cu2+-Cu3+ is mediated via oxygen vacancies (VO), the presence of which is confirmed through the features of electron energy loss spectroscopy over different edges. The confirmation of VO is also supported by the deconvolution of E2high-phonon in the Raman spectra. Moreover, the defects in the local electronic structures of ZCO are demonstrated by the deconvoluted spectra of Cu L3 x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The images obtained from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirm the incorporation of Cu into the wurtzite crystal of ZnO. A clear enhancement in magnetization upon an increase in carriers of Cu in ZCO indicates carrier-induced ferromagnetism. Cu2+ and VO are the two attributes of RTFM in ZCO.

Associations between mothers' economic insecurity and mood and thoughts on life with children at infants' 3-month check-ups: A cross-sectional study using data from infant health check-ups

Objectives We aimed to clarify the relationship between economic insecurity and the psychological profiles of mothers raising infants by analyzing data from three-month health check-ups in relation to the birth population in order to generate basic data that can be used to consider support for families facing economic insecurity.Methods The study area was a neighborhood in a major Japanese city. The survey focused on 1013 mothers who had received health check-ups for children aged 18 months between November 2017 and October 2019. The data included in the analysis were data from the children's three-month health check-ups and survey data from 908 mothers who responded to the questionnaire and consented to the use of their health check-up data. After excluding data from potential participants who were not mothers or had multiple births, data from 847 participants were analyzed (valid response rate: 93.3%). The objective variables were mothers' mood and thoughts about life with their children at the time of the three-month check-up as the mothers' psychological profiles. The explanatory variable was the presence or absence of maternal economic insecurity, and logistic regression analysis was conducted, adjusted for the children's sex and birth order, presence or absence of maternal counselors, and the mothers' educational attainment.Results A total of 60 (7.1%) mothers were economically insecure. Of the mothers' moods, 122 (14.4%) reported feeling anxious, followed by 36 (4.3%) who reported feeling lonely. Of their thoughts on life with their children, 776 (91.6%) mothers reported that they enjoyed it, and 567 (66.9%) reported that they were happy to be parents. On the other hand, 157 (18.5%) reported feeling frustrated, and 75 (8.9%) reported that the lack of time for themselves was painful. Economically insecure mothers had an odds ratio of 5.59 (95% confidence interval, 2.49-12.55) for feeling lonely, 4.77 (2.67-8.54) for feeling anxious, and 2.70 (1.50-4.86) for feeling frustrated, all significantly higher than in mothers not facing economic insecurity.Conclusion Economic insecurity among mothers at the time of the three-month check-up was associated with the psychological states of loneliness, anxiety, and frustration about living with their children. It was suggested that to solve economically insecure mothers' problems, they need support, including connecting them with social welfare services, so that they will be able to raise their children in a more stable environment.

THE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FRUSTRATION ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SELF-DEFENSE OF A PERSON

Currently, research on negative emotional behavioral reactions occurring in a state of frustration is widely presented in the scientific literature. The article examines the impact of frustration on self-defense and human relationships, differing not only in psychological content or orientation, but also in duration. Within the framework of the topic under study, the authors take as a basis the research of N.D. Levitov, S. Rosenzweig, L. Festinger, K. Rogers, V.N. Myasishchev, M.A. Mkrtchyan. The article also presents the results of an empirical study conducted to identify the process of experiencing anxiety during frustration and the characteristics of a person’s reaction to frustration. The empirical part of the study revealed a positive correlation of the level of frustration with anxiety, rigidity, aggression, tension, conservatism in a sample of 27+15 first-year students and a negative correlation with sociability, self-esteem, emotional stability, self-control, normativity. The study showed that Spearman’s R-correlation coefficient is pro-vided that there is no connection between the ranks of both variables (i.e., without repeated ranks), for example, here 6 students have high tolerance to frustration, 26 have medium tolerance to frustration and 10 have low tolerance to frustration. The results of the study can be used by existential researchers and educational psychologists in working with Kazakh-speaking people.

Doping effects of Kagome superconductor <i>A</i>V<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>5</sub> (<i>A</i> = K, Rb, Cs)

Material with Kagome lattice provides an excellent platform for studying electronic correlation effects, topological states of matter, unconventional superconductivity, and geometric frustration. The recently discovered Kagome superconductors <i>A</i>V<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>5</sub> (<i>A</i> = K, Rb, Cs) have attracted widespread attention in the field of condensed matter physics, and many efforts have been made to elucidate their novel physical properties, such as charge density wave, unconventional superconductivity, and band topology. Meanwhile, many groups have effectively tuned these novel properties through chemical doping, offering a good opportunity for further understanding the materials of this system. In this paper, we comprehensively review the latest research progress of the doping effect of this rapidly developed <i>A</i>V<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>5</sub> system, with the objective of further promoting the in-depth research into Kagome superconductor. Specifically, we review the chemical doping in CsV<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>5</sub> with elements such as Nb, Ta, Ti, and Sn, and the surface doping with elements Cs or O as well, and describe their influences on the novel quantum properties, especially superconductivity, charge density wave, and electronic band structure of the material. Furthermore, the intricate physical mechanism of doping manipulation is discussed, in order to provide a basic knowledge for further understanding and studying the rich quantum effects of the system, such as charge density waves, time reversal symmetry breaking, and superconductivity.