State Of Economic Growth Research Articles

Unveiling the Shadows: Exploring the Nexus of Global Threats and Income Inequality

The contemporary world is characterized by its diversity and globalization, and how to allocate limited resources has emerged as a complex issue. The widening gap between rich and poor has led to growing concerns regarding the inherent inequity and potential instability that arise from these disparities. Global threats, the challenge has emerged in front of people, which significantly impact peoples daily life. For instance, from the pandemic, the drastic influence on the economy to environmental crises that upend livelihoods has been presented. Moreover, environmental crises, such as extreme weather events, deforestation, and the depletion of natural resources, pose significant threats to both developed and developing nations. Lastly, political conflict could also dramatically impact citizens' lives and the state of economic growth. This essay delves into the intricate relationship between global threats and global income inequality, seeking to dissect the multifaceted dynamics that bind these two seemingly disparate phenomena, by illustrating different perspectives from the academic world and presenting the authors personal view.

ВПЛИВ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ЧИННИКІВ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ БІЗНЕС-СЕРЕДОВИЩА ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

Socio-economic factors play a key role in shaping the business environment of an enterprise, influencing its stability, development and competitiveness. These factors can be conditionally divided into macro- and micro-levels, where each of them has its own specificity and power of influence. Macroeconomic factors include the inflation rate, the state of economic growth, the exchange rate, the unemployment rate, and government policy. Economic growth contributes to an increase in the incomes of the population and investments, which has a positive effect on business. Social factors include demographic changes, educational attainment, cultural characteristics, and social values. Demographic changes, such as population aging or migration processes, affect the size and structure of the labor market and the consumer market. Cultural characteristics and social values shape consumer behavior and preferences, which is important to consider when developing marketing strategies. Political stability and the legal framework also have a significant impact on the business environment. Political instability can create risks for investors and lead to unpredictable changes in regulatory policy. Instead, a stable political environment promotes predictability and long-term planning. The development of technologies and their implementation in business processes is another important factor. Innovative technologies can significantly increase production efficiency, reduce costs and open new sales markets. Enterprises that actively implement the latest technologies have a competitive advantage and can quickly adapt to changes in the business environment. Thus, socio-economic factors have a complex impact on the formation of the enterprise’s business environment. For successful functioning and development, enterprises need to constantly analyze and adapt to changes in the external environment, taking into account both macroeconomic and microeconomic aspects. This will allow not only to maintain a position in the market, but also to find new opportunities for growth and development.

THE FACTORS INFLUENCING ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA

This research is based on the fact that the state of economic growth in Indonesia tends to fluctuate, even more often decrease. This is because the government policy is not appropriate to improve the economic growth of Indonesia. This study aims to determine and analyze the factors of foreign direct investment, inflation, international trade, and government expenditure that affect economic growth in Indonesia. The problem in this research is due to the limited fund in economic development both structure and infrastructure so that economic growth tends to decrease. Therefore, appropriate strategies must be taken to overcome the limitations in promoting economic growth. From this problem, this research aims to see how big influence of foreign direct investment (FDI), inflation (INF), international trade (NX) and government expenditure (GE) variable to economic growth. The data used in this study is secondary data (periodical data) in the period of observation 1996-2014 obtained from the World Bank and Statistics of Indonesia. To identify the influence of the variables used in this study used the VAR (Vector Autoregression) method. The results of this study show that equation regression shows that FDI (-1) has a negative influence on economic growth and FDI (-2) has a positive effect on economic growth, INF (-1) and INF (-2) have positive effects on economic growth , Variable NX (-1) has a positive effect on economic growth but NX (-2) has a negative effect on economic growth, and GE variable (-1) has a positive effect on economic growth while GE (-2) has a negative effect on growth Economy.

THE FACTORS INFLUENCING ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA

This research is based on the fact that the state of economic growth in Indonesia tends to fluctuate, even more often decrease. This is because the government policy is not appropriate to improve the economic growth of Indonesia. This study aims to determine and analyze the factors of foreign direct investment, inflation, international trade, and government expenditure that affect economic growth in Indonesia. The problem in this research is due to the limited fund in economic development both structure and infrastructure so that economic growth tends to decrease. Therefore, appropriate strategies must be taken to overcome the limitations in promoting economic growth. From this problem, this research aims to see how big influence of foreign direct investment (FDI), inflation (INF), international trade (NX) and government expenditure (GE) variable to economic growth. The data used in this study is secondary data (periodical data) in the period of observation 1996-2014 obtained from the World Bank and Statistics of Indonesia. To identify the influence of the variables used in this study used the VAR (Vector Autoregression) method. The results of this study show that equation regression shows that FDI (-1) has a negative influence on economic growth and FDI (-2) has a positive effect on economic growth, INF (-1) and INF (-2) have positive effects on economic growth , Variable NX (-1) has a positive effect on economic growth but NX (-2) has a negative effect on economic growth, and GE variable (-1) has a positive effect on economic growth while GE (-2) has a negative effect on growth Economy.

Transformation and development towards a fully inclusive society and economy in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa

This paper analyzes the state of economic growth and development in the City of Johannesburg (COJ) South Africa as by the year 2016 and presents a case for transformation and development of the City towards a fully inclusive economy and society. The research reveals that faster and sustainable economic growth in addition to proactive pro-equity policies are a sine qua non for inclusive growth and participation in the City, where the triple challenges of poverty, inequality and unemployment persist more than 20 years into the democratic dispensation. During the last 17 years the City economy has grown at almost the same pace as the national South African economy with a trend reflective of major world economic events. Going forward, the South African economy is projected to grow at less 2% annually in the next 3 years. In terms of the City, the prognosis is that the City will either continue to trace the national economic growth rate or decline from 2% in 2016 to 1% in 2018. In order to achieve the objectives and goals of the Johannesburg 2040 Growth and Development Strategy in the long term and the City Integrated Development Plan in the medium term, the City leadership and administration will need to begin by not only addressing factors that inhibit economic efficiency including crime and corruption, but also the provision of a critical pipeline of skills required by industry in order to attract local and international investment. The increase in investment is expected to broaden the revenue base and to strengthen the financial capacity of the City to roll out services to the previously disadvantaged communities so as to bring them into the mainstream of economic empowerment and social transformation.

THE STUDY OF THE FEATURES OF ESTONIAN ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE

The authors have studied the features of Estonia economic growth that started from the successful money reform then the taxation reform correspondingly after the World economic crisis with anti-crisis reforms. It was established, that for today the base of Estonian economy development is a creation of digital society e-Estonia, the unique commercial register and the register of real estate. The features of Estonia taxation system, characterized with relatively low taxes and easiness of the use, were also defined in the work; the features of bank system, which financial safety essentially depends on Sweden banks that in their turn depends on inflation and economic situation in the country, were studied. The work also analyses the state of economic growth in Estonia in six stages, each of which has its cause and result. The first, third and fifth stages were with negative GDP index that was correspondingly caused by introduction of the money, taxation reform and the World economic crisis. The second, fourth and sixth stages were characterized with economic growth with positive GDP index that proves the expedience and effectiveness of introduction of the money, taxation and anti-crisis reforms in the country.

Українська економіка: хаотичні та циклічні коливання навколо довгострокового тренду зростання

During thirteen of the past 25 years, Ukrainian economy was in crisis, and during the remaining twelve years it was in the state of economic growth. In the scientific community this phenomenon has caused debate: was the frequency of crises and phases of growth a result of the action of random economic shocks or cyclical fluctuations in the economy around its long-term trend of development? Without answering this question it is impossible to develop any forecasts or strategies for future growth of the Ukrainian economy. To solve this problem, the author investigated the dynamics of Ukraine's economy in 1990–2015. As the basis of the research he took the hypothesis that the uneven growth of the Ukrainian economy in the short term was shaped by shocks of external conditions, and in the medium term it was determined by the institutional economic cycles which in turn influenced the formation of the long-term trend of domestic commodity production. The results of the survey helped gather evidence of the fact that during 1997–2015 in the Ukrainian economy, an economic cycle took place caused by the institutional reforms of 1997–1999 during which the domestic commodity output constantly varied under the shocks of external conjuncture and eventually acquired its own long-term trend of growth. These conclusions made it possible to identify the priorities for future institutional reforms in the domestic economy in order to resume its growth in the medium and long term.

Carbon intensity as a proxy for environmental performance and the informational content of the EPI

We analyze the relationship between carbon intensity and EPI and find that the informational content of EPI is in large part explainable by the state of economic growth and level of carbon intensity, with the second variable being already an increasing function of emissions and a decreasing function of economic well being. Carbon intensity has the largest explanatory power for EPI rankings and consistently produces the correct, anticipated, negative sign in its relationship to EPI. Second in importance are the renewable energy sources, which also produce consistent results with respect to their impact on the EPI but with much lower explanatory power. Our results suggest that advanced countries should, as they are doing already, implement measures of high quality environmental content while measures for increasing economic growth, while controlling emissions, are appropriate for developing countries. A number of other energy policy implications and the use of new technologies are also discussed in the context of our analysis.

Economic Development and the Demand in Global Business toward Business Markets

Economic development is the most important for foreign consumers to adjust their trade tasks and demand in global business. Each stage of the economic development of a country has a powerful impact on prospects of foreign investment activities, commodity demand, the permanent system of distribution and logistics and a comprehensive marketing process while increasing consumption. Basically, economic development represents a double challenge. Firstly, there is a need to investigate general aspects to gain an image of the economic climate. Secondly, each state of economic growth must be investigated with the focus being on market opportunities, current economic level and growing economic potential. The state of economic development at a particular moment determines the kind and level of market potential. Economic dynamics and economic competence make it possible for commerce to prepare and respond appropriately to economic movements and market development. Economic growth is perceived and explored by the authors in terms of increased national production resulting in increased GDP per capita in domestic production but with a wide distribution of increased income, where there are conditions and aspirations towards gross economic growth, increased consumer demand and requirements which are likely to get higher with every decade as opposed to the process stretching over centuries in the past.

‘No philosophy, please, we are managers’. Public Management and the common good: Euro-Atlantic convergences

Public management, as an academic discipline, has been, up to now, inspired by a managerialist approach, axiologically neutral, which cast aside the great questions regarding the ends of public life, those of the common good and of the ‘good life’ that were at the very basis of classical political philosophy. Governing has been reduced to ‘governancing’, relying on the presupposition that good means automatically leading to good ends. Based on critiques of this drift, we witness on both sides of the Atlantic the renewal of the old republicanism that makes the common good the aim of public administration. This debate has been at the very foundation of the modern democracies since the 17th century in England, to the foundation of the United States and the republican tradition stemming from the French Revolution. This article envisages how public management could rejuvenate itself to mend the broken link between the managerial and the political, putting emphasis on what would be the consequences on the training of public managers. Points for practitioners Practitioners are often stuck in a false alternative: either a state bureaucracy or the adoption of a neoliberal solution represented by the bundle of the new public management tools based on the search for efficiency. This article goes back to the roots of the debate on the role of the state in economic growth since the Renaissance and shows that the issue is not one of chosing between state or no state but to articulate appropriately the political role of the state as an institution maker and end the initiatives of the market. By drawing a comparison between the first financial crisis (the 1720 South Sea crisis) and the current crisis, it points out the central role of polity against the current predominance of economics in the mainstream ideology, and rehabilitates the role of civic virtues in ruling public affairs. A comparison is made between classical Europe and the history of the US that shows this debate has been constant in nation-building and the the present period of turbulence calls for a renewal of the role of the politics, far from the NPM hype that dominated the field of public administration for the past twenty years.

The Role of the State in Economic Growth of Post-Communist Transitional Countries

The Role of the State in Economic Growth of Post-Communist Transitional Countries

Economic and ecological impacts of wood chip production in North Carolina: an integrated assessment and subsequent applications

Abstract The North Carolina Wood Chip Mill Study represents an integrated assessment of the economic and ecological impacts associated with production of wood chips at satellite chip mills in the state of North Carolina (NC), USA. Mandated by the Governor of NC, the study was attended by a high degree of public scrutiny. We report principal findings, and describe the processes by which we dealt with uncertainty resulting from limited data availability, methods used to foster public involvement and efforts to reconcile public concerns over forest harvests with our narrower mandate to examine chip mills. We considered the hypotheses that chip mills fostered widespread industrial clearcutting, increased utilization of previously noncommercial timber (especially small hardwoods), depleted future growing stocks of sawtimber, and might create adverse ecological consequences or impair aesthetics important to recreational forest users. NC wood-based industries are a major component of the state's economy, but lagged the state in economic growth from 1977 to 1996. Over the same period, the nature-based tourism sector grew rapidly. Forest land losses in North Carolina from 1982 to 1997 totaled more than one million acres. We used an econometric model to adjust timber land base and project timber supply dynamics to 2020. The simulation indicated that softwood removals exceeded growth from 1990 onward. Hardwood removals exceed growth by 2005, causing inventory levels to decline slightly by the end of the projection period. Wood chip mills processed approximately 27% of the state's chipwood harvest and 12% of the state's total timber harvest. They were statistically correlated with increased timber harvests in the state, especially in the Piedmont and the Mountains. Chip mills have effective storm water management plans and do not show visible signs of adversely affecting water quality. Higher levels of timber harvest alter forest structures in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont, generally creating less habitat for bird, amphibian and reptile species of conservation concern. Fewer species are adversely affected in the Mountains. Public opinion about chip mills is polarized, and controversy exists principally in the western portion of the state. Overall, public acceptance of study findings was favorable, and selected elements of the research findings have been used to support a variety of advocacy positions.

The role of the state in economic growth

This paper attempts to trace and describe the role played by the government sector – the state – in promoting economic growth in Western societies since the Renaissance. One important conclusion is that the antagonism between state and market, which has characterised the twentieth century, is a relatively new phenomenon. Since the Renaissance one very important task of the state has been to create well‐functioning markets by providing a legal framework, standards, credit, physical infrastructure and – if necessary – to function temporarily as an entrepreneur of last resort. Early economists were acutely aware that national markets did not occur spontaneously, and they used “modern” ideas like synergies, increasing returns, and innovation theory when arguing for the right kind of government policy. In fact, mercantilist economics saw it as a main task to extend the synergetic economic effects observed within cities to the territory of a nation‐state. The paper argues that the classical Anglo‐Saxon tradition in economics – fundamentally focused on barter and distribution, rather than on production and knowledge – systematically fails to grasp these wider issues in economic development, and it brings in and discusses the role played by the state in alternative traditions of non‐equilibrium economics.

The ‘Developmental State’ and the Newly Industrialised Economies of Asia

The renewed interest in the role of the state in economic growth and development has been focused on the four newly industrialised economies (NIEs) of Asia—Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. Much of the recent literature tends to crowd these states into an undifferentiated model of the ‘developmental state’. A closer examination reveals significant differences among them in terms of the state's relations to capital, labour, and the external economy that not only defy reduction to a single model but also show that options for moving away from labour-intensive segments of production for world markets vary considerably. Furthermore, as democratisation movements gain voice, and as the transnationalisation of capital from within these economies proceeds, the high degree of autonomy associated with the developmental state is eroding, and its authoritarian uses of power are increasingly being challenged.

THE CONTROVERSIES CONCERNING RUSSIAN CAPITALISM:AN ANALYSIS OF THE VIEWS OF PLEKHANOV AND LENIN

The state of economic growth and the intellectual climate determine the nature and scope of economic studies. For example, it is a well known fact that English classical economics not only did not find receptive soil in Germany, but also lost its vital role as an analytical tool with which to examine civil society. It became the ideology of landowners and merchants who used it to defend their class interest, e. g., laissez faire ; it was no longer the foundation upon which bourgeois society was to be built. Instead, conditions in Germany made possible the appearance of Friedrich List £1789-1846) who was a self-appointed critic of the English school and attempted to carry out the modernization of the economic foundations of Germany. The development of economic studies in Russia was also characterized by economic and social conditions in that country which made a vast contrast with those of nations in the West. Capitalism was relatively slow in coming in Russia, and introduction of Western technology was not always followed by reforms, political and social. Even the so-called Westernization of Peter the Great (TIeTp BejiHKHH, reigned 1682-1725) was far from satisfactory according to Western standards, but the forces of reaction were strong at the root of social life and peasants were more tightly controlled than before the reform. English economics could not have expected to find congenial soil in Russia. During Peter's reign there appeared an interesting work by I. T. Pososhkov (VI. T. flocoiiiKOB, 1652-1726), a prominent merchant and one of the so-called 1 'projectors' ' to the Czar. Since it was not likely that the author had access to Western economic literature, it may be the case that his Book on Poverty and Plenty (KHHra o cKy^ocra h ooraTCTBe, 1724) was solely the product of his own experience and observation. Different evaluations of the book, some favourable and some not, have been made. This work is usually considered as the representative work of Russian

Individualism and the Role of the State in Economic Growth

Next article No AccessIndividualism and the Role of the State in Economic GrowthAlexander EcksteinAlexander Eckstein Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 6, Number 2Jan., 1958 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/449758 Views: 10Total views on this site Citations: 7Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Enn Lun Yong Understanding divergence of living standards between Asia and Europe: a proposition of regionally dominant cultural effects, Asian Journal of German and European Studies 4, no.11 (Jan 2019).https://doi.org/10.1186/s40856-019-0038-0Kurt Martin Modern Development Theory, (Jan 1991): 27–73.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12625-5_2Joel S. Migdal Why Change?: Toward a New Theory of Change Among Individuals in the Process of Modernization, World Politics 26, no.22 (Jul 2011): 189–206.https://doi.org/10.2307/2009899Alejandro Portes Modernity and development: A critique, Studies in Comparative International Development 8, no.33 (Sep 1973): 247–279.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02800432Lorand B. Szalay, Rita M. Kelly, Won T. Moon Ideology, Comparative Political Studies 5, no.22 (Jul 1972): 151–173.https://doi.org/10.1177/001041407200500202J. P. Nettl The State as a Conceptual Variable, World Politics 20, no.44 (Jul 2011): 559–592.https://doi.org/10.2307/2009684 Warren Frederick Ilchman , and Ravindra C. Bhargava Balanced Thought and Economic Growth, Economic Development and Cultural Change 14, no.44 (Oct 2015): 385–399.https://doi.org/10.1086/450179